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1、（直擊高考）2013高考英語 語法重難點系列 專題10 名詞性從句考點 在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(Noun Clauses），引導名詞性從句的詞叫連詞。 名詞性從句又分別稱為: 主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句 主語從句：是在復合句中充當主語的從句，常放在謂語動詞之前或者用形式主語it代替，將其本身放在句尾。 例如：1. That he came here just now has been proved. 他剛才來的這里得到了證實。 解析：That he came here just now在謂語has be

2、en proved的前面，所以是主語從句。 2. It’s true that we are going next week. 我們下星期走是真的。 解析：真正的主語是 that we are going next week，前面的it是形式主語。 賓語從句：在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞（及物動詞）和介詞之后。 例如：1. We all know what he is. 我們都知道他是干什么的。 解析：what he is作及物動詞know的賓語從句。 2. His worry is ab

3、out whether he can succeed. 他的擔憂是關(guān)于他是否能成功。 解析：whether he can succeed作介詞about的賓語從句。 表語從句：在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語+聯(lián)系動詞+表語從句 例如：1. His question is where he can buy a house. 他的問題是他能在哪里買房子。 解析：where he can buy a house是聯(lián)系動詞is后面的表語從句。 2. This is why we can’t get t

4、heir support. 這就是我們得不到他們支持的原因。 解析:why we can’t get their support是聯(lián)系動詞is后面的表語從句。 同位語從句：是用以說明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的，它與被修飾的詞語通?？梢詣澋忍?。 例如：We heard the news that our team had won. 我聽說了我們球隊獲勝的消息。 為了思維的連貫性，此專題我們不以從句的分類來講，而以連詞的分類講。 引導名詞性從句的連詞主要有以下幾類： 1.具有詞匯意義的連詞 （what, how, who, wh

5、en, where, why,whose, which） 2.沒有詞匯意義的that（that在句中沒有如何意義，只起連詞的作用） 3.if/whether （是否） 4.具有雙重身份的what 5.疑問詞+ ever（whatever、whoever、whomever、however、whenever、wherever、whichever） 一、具有詞匯意義的連詞 1. I know when he was born. 我知道他什么時候出生的。 2. Where he lives is known to us all. 他住在哪里我們大家都清楚。

6、3. My question is how you came to school. 我的問題是你怎樣來的學校。 4. He told us why she was late. 他告訴我們她為什么遲到。 5. Please let me know what you are . 讓我們知道你是干什么的。 6. Which team will win isn’t clear. 哪只隊將要贏還不清楚。 從上面的例句我們可以看出上述引導名詞性從句的連詞都具有詞匯意義。 二、that的用法 1.I know that your na

7、me is Tom. （賓語從句） 我知道你名字叫湯姆。 2.The news that they won the match excited us very much. （同位語從句） 他們獲得了比賽勝利的消息使我們都非常興奮。 3. That he often helps my sister makes me happy. （主語從句） 他經(jīng)常幫我妹妹使得我開心。 4.My demand is that you (should ) try to study hard. （表語從句） 我的要求是你們盡力努力學習。 從上述四個句子我們可以看出that在句中不具有

8、任何詞匯意義，也不充當任何成分。 一）that引導主語從句常用it作形式主語的情況： （should) do.（因為其動詞都是表“建議、命令、要求、主張、決定”等） 動詞原形的虛擬語氣。 1） 老師建議我們早上早起。 The teacher suggests that we (should) get up early in the morning. (賓語從句） 2） 我們決定你們下個星期去郊游。 We have decided that you (should) go for an outing next week.(賓語從句） 3） 班長要求我們的家庭作

9、業(yè)盡早地交上去。 The monitor demands that our homework (should) be handed in as soon as possible. （賓語從句） 3. It+特殊動詞+ that從句 常見動詞有:occur, happen, seem, turn out，come about 1）It seems that...（好像。。。。。。） a. It seems that you object to his idea . 好像你反對他的想法。 b. It seems that he h

10、as been to Japan. 好像他去過日本。 2）It happens that...(碰巧。。。。。。） a. It happens that we all like physics,so we always have much to talk with each other. 碰巧我們都喜歡物理，所以我們常相互有許多話談。 b. It happened that we went to visit the factory last week too . 碰巧我們也是上個星期去參觀的那家工廠。

11、 It doesn’t happen that...=It happens...not...（碰巧不。。。。。。） a. It happened that he was not in yesterday. = It didn’t happen that he was in yesterday. 碰巧他昨天不在家。 b. It happened that I didn’t have any money on me then,either.= It didn’t happen that I had any mon

12、ey on me then ,either. 碰巧當時我身上也沒有帶錢。 4）It turned out that ...（結(jié)果是。。。。。。） a. It turned out that my answer was wrong.= My answer turned out (to be) wrong . 結(jié)果我答案是錯的。 b. It turned out that it was a sunny day.= It turned out (to be)a sunny day. 結(jié)果是個大晴天。 5

13、）How does/did it come about that...?（。。。。。。是怎么回事？） a. How did it come about that you didn’t play football ? 你沒有踢足球是怎么回事？ b. How does it come about that you often come late ? 你常遲到是怎么回事？ c. I want to know how it comes about that you don’t like him. 我想知道你不喜歡他是怎么回事。 4. It’s said/re

14、ported/considered…that從句（據(jù)說/據(jù)報道/據(jù)認為。。。。。。） a. 據(jù)說/認為/報道你是個好醫(yī)生。 It is said/considered/reported that you are a good doctor.→ You are said/considered/reported/to be a good doctor. b. 據(jù)說他們正在國外踢球。 It is said that they are playing football in a foreign country.→ They are said to be playing

15、football in a foreign country. c. 據(jù)認為那本書翻譯成了英語。 It is considered that the book has been put into English. → The book is considered to have been put into English. 以上句子的考點在綠色部分的變體：主要考句中動詞不定式的形式（一般式、進行式和完成式等）,如果是一般性的就用一般式，正在進行就用進行式、已經(jīng)完成就用完成式。 二）that引導賓語從句 1.一般動詞后面直接跟賓語從句 a. He told me (t

16、hat )you came from Wuhan. 他告訴我他是武漢人。 b.Yesterday we knew (that )he had been to that village three times. 昨天我們知道他去過那個村莊三次了。 c. They hear( that ) a hospital will be built in their hometown. 他們聽說在他們家鄉(xiāng)將修一家醫(yī)院。 3. 動詞find(發(fā)現(xiàn)、覺得），feel（感覺、覺得），consider（認為）、think （認為），make（使得），believe（相信）等

17、后面有賓語補足語時，it作形式賓語，that從句放在后面。 a. We find it hard that we must finish the work in three days. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們必須在三天內(nèi)完成工作難。 b. Please make it clear to everyone that they are innocent. 必須讓人人都清楚他們是清白的。 c. I believe it true that he will come here tomorrow. 我相信他明天要來這里是真的。 d. Do you think it fair t

18、hat he wasn’t punished last week ? 你認為他上個星期沒有受到處罰公平嗎？ e. They consider it my duty that I look after my students well. 他們認為我好好照顧我的學生是我的職責。 f. I feel it easy that they clean the classroom three times a day . 我感覺他們一天掃三次教室容易。 但是如果賓語從句是what（雙重身份）類時，則不可以用it a. We consider what you said (to be

19、)reliable. 我們認為你說的可靠。 b. We found what we had learned (to be) valuable. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我學的有價值。 c. Do you think what I bought yesterday (to be)cheap? 你認為我昨天買的便宜嗎？ except/but/besides that(除……之外）是例外 1) He works hard in that he wants to go to a good college. 他刻苦學習在于他想上一所好大學。 2) He stood there stil

20、l except that his lip moved. 他除了嘴唇在動，一動不動地站在那里。 6.賓語從句中that不可省略的使用情況：引導賓語從句中的that 通?？梢允÷裕窃谙铝星闆r下不能省 a. 一個動詞后面跟有兩個或兩個以上的賓語從句時 , 最后一個從句前的that不能省 I know (that) you are very clever and that you always work hard. 我知道你很聰明你很用功。 b. 當that從句作learn, suggest, explain , agree, prove, mean, fee

21、l, state等動詞的賓語時 I learn that he has arrived. 我得知他已經(jīng)到了。 c. 當賓語從句的狀語（從句）位于句首時 He told me that every other day he came here. He told me (that) he came here every other day. 他告訴我他每兩天來這里。 d. 當主句的謂語動詞和賓語從句之間有插入語時 He says that , if time permits, he will come to help me. 他說

22、如果時間許可的話，他會來幫我。 e. 當賓語從句的主語是非謂語動詞或主語從句時 I know that what you need is just a book. 我知道你需要的僅僅是本書。 f. 當主句中的謂語動詞是固定詞組時 He has made up his mind that he will try to catch up with his classmates. 他下決心他將努力趕上他同班同學。 7.賓語從句中否定的轉(zhuǎn)移：當主句的主語是第一人稱，謂語是think, believe, suppose等表示“意念，信念，揣測”的動詞時，賓語

23、從句的否定要提到主句上來，反義疑問句則要根據(jù)賓語從句的主謂進行變化。 a. I don’t think your answer is right, is it? 我認為你的答案不對，是嗎？ b. I don’t believe you can go next year。 我相信你明年不會去 c. I don’t suppose he will succeed. 我猜想他不會成功。 8.賓語從句中的時態(tài)： 當主句的謂語是一般現(xiàn)在時的時候，賓語從句的謂語用各種所需要的時態(tài)。 a. I know (that) he lives here. 我知道他住

24、在這里。 b. I know when he was born. 我知道他什么時候出生的。 c. I hear (that1)he has been a soldier for three years. 我聽說他已當兵三年了。 d. I can see (that) you are happy every day. 我能看出你每天很快樂。 當主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時態(tài)時, 賓語從句的謂語動詞必須用過去時態(tài)的某一種形式。 a. He said that he was watching TV. 他說他在看電視。 b. I was told when t

25、he meeting would be put off. 我被告知會議將延期。 c. She mentioned in his talk that his name was Li Ping. 他在報告中提到他的名字叫李明。 但是：即使主句的謂語是一般過去時，賓語從句如果是表示客觀真理性的，格言，諺語類時， 其謂語動詞仍然要用一般現(xiàn)在時。 a. The teacher told us knowledge is power. 老師告訴我們知識就是力量。 b. When I was a boy, I knew the earth is round. 當我小的時

26、候我知道地球是圓的。 三、if/whether（是否）的用法 四、what：在從句中具有雙重身份。即：既引導名詞性從句，在名詞性從句中 又充當一個成分。 我父母把我培養(yǎng)成我現(xiàn)在的樣子。 解析：這里的what相當于the person who/that 7. After what seemed five years , he came .→ After five years，he came. 似乎過了五年之后，他來了。 解析：這里的what相當于the time that 8.Finally he went to what is called

27、America.→ Finally he went to America. 最后他去了叫美國的地方。 解析：這里的what相當于the place that 9. I live in what people call Wuhan . → I live in Wuhan. 我住在人們稱作武漢的地方。 解析：這里的what相當于the place that 10. A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland 10 years ago. 一座現(xiàn)代化的城市已在10年前還是一片荒地的地方建起來了。

28、 解析：這里what相當于the place that 11. I would like to play what is called rock music. 我想演奏所謂的搖滾音樂。 解析：這里what=the thing that 五，疑問詞-ever(無論……):這類詞既可以引導名詞性從句也可以引導狀語從句， 在引導狀語從句時可以換成no matter +疑問詞，而在引導名詞性從句時只能用疑問詞-ever. 難點： 1. whoever/whomever whoever/whomever在句中相當于anyone who/anyone that，而who

29、mever只作賓語。 2. however 1）不管怎樣 However =No matter how you come to school, you must arrive on time. 不管怎樣來上學，你都必須準時。 2）形容詞或者副詞要緊跟在后面 a. However hard English is , I want to study it well.= No matter how hard English is,… 不管英語多難，我都想學好。 b. However busy he is ,he will come

30、to see me.= No matter how busy he is, … 不管他多忙，他都要來看我。 c. However carefully he writes, he always makes some minor mistakes.= No matter how carefully he writes, … 不管他寫得多認真，他總是犯一些小錯誤。 3. 注意下面這類完成句子題： 1）______________ (不管發(fā)生什么事) , I will go. (what） 答案: No matter what 解析：在

31、做這道題時，許多學生的答案可能會是Whatever. 在這里是引導的狀語從句，但 由于是要求用括號內(nèi)的單詞完成句子，所以答案就只能是No matter what 2)___________________ (不管你什么時候方便）, please come to my home .(when) 答案：No matter when it is convenient to you。 解析：在這里就不能是Whenever it is conveni

32、ent, 理由是括號里給的是when。 七，表語從句的補充： 1.This is where he lives. 這就是我住的地方。 2.That’s where I first met her. 那就是我第一次遇見她的地方。 3. That’s how he studies his lessons. 他就是這樣學習功課的。 4. That’s why he didn’t come. 這就是他沒有來的原因。 5. This is why he ran so quickly . 這就是他跑得這樣快的原因。 6. That was

33、when I was fifteen . 這是我15歲的時侯發(fā)生的事。 根據(jù)上面的例句大家注意到了where，how，when，why在引導表語從句時的中文意思。 where 的意思是“……的地方”、why的意思是“……原因”、how的意思是“這樣”、 when的意思是“……的時候” 在這種情況下其句子的主語都是“this”或者“that”，否則他們的詞匯意義就會有變。 1. My problem is how he can arrive so early. 我的問題是他怎樣能那樣早到。 2.His doubt is when they will finish

34、 the project. 他的疑問是他們什么時候?qū)⑼瓿赡琼椆こ獭? 3.What I want to know is why you always sleep in class. 我想知道的是你為什么上課總睡覺。 4.His question is where he must go. 他的問題是他必須去哪里。 八、同位語從句 在句中作同位語的名詞性從句叫同位語從句.它用以進一步說明與它同位的名詞所表示的具體內(nèi)容。常可帶同位語從句的名詞有advice,belief,doubt,dream,hope,idea,message, news,order,poss

35、ibility，promise, problem, question, suggestion, thought, truth, view,wish,word等 1. The news that they have won the match is true. 他們獲得比賽勝利的消息是真的。 解析：that they have won the match是前面news的內(nèi)容。 2. You are sure to live your dream that you can find a good job. 你肯定能實現(xiàn)你找到好工作的夢想。 解析：夢想的內(nèi)容就是找到好工作。 3

36、. Do you remember your promise that you will buy me a computer? 你記得你要給我買臺電腦的諾言嗎？ 解析：給我買電腦就是諾言的內(nèi)容。 4. Word came that he would give us a talk. 有消息說他將給我們做演講。 解析：that he would give us a talk就是前面word的內(nèi)容。 注意：在某些名詞（如：demand,advice,suggestion,idea,decision,wish,order等）后面的同位語從句謂語動詞要用（should）+動詞原形

37、的虛擬語氣。 1. I like your idea that we (should) do some reading every day. 我喜歡你的我們每天讀書的想法。 2. The suggestion that they (should)go next week is reasonable. 他們下個星期走的建議合乎情理。 3. You must obey the order that you (should) drill on time. 你們必須聽從你們準時操練的命令。 九、同位語從句、定語從句的區(qū)別 1. 同位語從句進一步說明前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容;定

38、語從句則對其先行詞起修飾,限制的作用。 2. 引導同位語從句的連詞沒有任何詞匯意義,也不在從句中擔任成分,但不能省略,而引導定語從句的關(guān)系詞則代表先行詞的詞義,在從句中必須擔任成分,作賓語時?？墒÷? 試比較: 6) 從句 ） 在暖和又常下雨的地方竹子長得很好。 解析：where在后面的句子中作狀語。 十、與名詞性從句有關(guān)的常用句型 1.There is no doubt that… 毫無疑問……（同位語從句） There is no doubt that we can succeed only by hard work. 毫無疑問只有通過努力我們才能成功。

39、 2. It is no wonder that… 難怪……（主語從句） It is no wonder that you both often play together. 難怪你們兩個常在一起玩。 3. There is no possibility that… ……不可能（同位語從句） There is no possibility that it will snow tomorrow. 明天不可能下雪。 Is there any possibility that it will snow tomorrow? 明天有可能下雪嗎？ 4. The

40、re is no deny that… 不可否認……（同位語從句） There is no deny that China is developing very quickly. 不可否認的是中國正在迅猛發(fā)展。 soon. 據(jù)說/認為/報道/宣布不久將有狂風暴雨。 10. It’s universally acknowledged that… ……是大家公認的（主語從句） It’s universally acknowledged that America is a superpower. 美國是一個超級大國是大家公認的。 11. What they hav

41、e in common (with…)is that… (與…….)共同之處是……（主語從句） What they have in common is that they are all fat. 他們的共同之處是他們都胖。 What they have in common with me is that we are all fat. 他們和我的共同之處是我們都胖。 12. It turned out that… 結(jié)果是……（主語從句） It turned out that all of them succeeded. 結(jié)果是他們都成功了。 13

42、. How does/ did it come about that…? ……是怎么回事（主語從句） How does it come about that you are so sleepy every day ? 你每天昏昏欲睡是怎么回事？ 14 .It happened that… 碰巧……（主語從句） It happened that the Taikonaut Wang Yaping was my neighbour. 碰巧宇航員王亞平是我的鄰居。 15.It occurred to me that… 我突然想到…..（主語從句） It fla

43、shed upon me that… It struck/hit me that… It crowded in on me that... It crowded into my mind that... It occurred to me that I still had many words to remember. 我突然想到我還有許多單詞要記。 16.What struck me most is... 給我印象最深的是...... What impressed me most is... What struck/impressed me

44、most is the way he solved the problem. 給我印象最深的是他解決那個問題的方法。 高考\模擬題再現(xiàn)： 1. （2012高考湖北卷80）Things aren’t always ______(appear). 事情往往不是他們看上去的那樣。 答案：what they appear (to be) 解析：這里的what既引導表語從句又在從句中作主語。 2. （2012高考福建卷）We promise _____attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with th

45、e movie star. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever 答案：C 5. office. A. whether B. where C. which D.that 答案：D 解析：“他突然想到他把鑰匙掉在辦公室了”，是句型it occurred to sb. that...“某人突然想到。。。。。?！薄? 6. （2012高考北京卷）Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ___he could have express

46、ed it differently. A. why B. which C. that D. whether 答案：C 解析：“Jerry不后悔所做的評判，但他感覺到他本可以用不同的方式來表達的”?？疾橘e語從句，不差任何詞匯意義，所以選that. 7. （2012高考山東卷）It doesn’t matter ___you pay by cash or credit card in this store. A. how B. whether C. what D. Why 答案：B 解析：“在這家商店你是用現(xiàn)金還

47、是刷卡沒關(guān)系”。It是形式主語，后面考的是主語從句，根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)是whether...or...“是。。。。。。還是。。。。。?！薄? 8. （2012高考新課標卷）It is by no means clear ____the president can do to end the strike. A. how B. which C. that D. what 答案：D 解析：“總統(tǒng)會采取什么措施來結(jié)束罷工還不清楚”。it是形式主語，后面才是一個真正的主語從句，根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)來看，后面的句子要有一個連詞來引導，do后面沒有賓語，所以就只能用what,并且do what是“采取什么措施”之意。 9. （2012青島統(tǒng)一質(zhì)量檢測）____is expected that it will be fine tomorrow,when we can do some outdoor activities. A. As B. It C. That D. Which 答案：B