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111 一．結(jié)構(gòu)had +done． 二．概念 及 用法 1.過去完成時(shí)表示一個動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時(shí)間或動作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，即發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。 1) When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 2) He had left when I arrived. 1）.過去完成時(shí)是一個相對的時(shí)態(tài)，表示的是“過去的過去”，只有和過去某一時(shí)間或某一動作相比較時(shí)才使用它。 1) She told me that she had written a new novel. 2) I found the watch which I had lost. 2）過去完成時(shí)常與一個表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，它不能離開過去時(shí)間而獨(dú)立存在。此時(shí)多與 already，yet，still，just，before，never 等時(shí)間副詞及 by，before，until 等引導(dǎo)的短語或從句連用。 　　1) Before she came to China, Amy had taught English in a middle school for about five years.　 2) Tom had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was seven. 2..過去完成時(shí)表示某一動作或狀態(tài)在過去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到這一過去時(shí)間，而且動作尚未結(jié)束，仍然有繼續(xù)下去的可能。 1) By the end of last year, my father had worked in the factory for twenty years. 2) By six o’clock he had worked eleven hours. 到6點(diǎn)鐘時(shí)他就已經(jīng)工作了11小時(shí)。 3.過去完成時(shí)還可用于某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中 （1）動詞think, want, suppose hope, wish, expect, intend, mean, plan,等用過去完成時(shí)來表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法，希望，打算或意圖等。 1) I had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 2) They had hoped to be able to come and see you. （2）hardly … when …, no sooner … than …, 1) Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.。 2) No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. （3）It was the first (second…) time (that) … It was the second time that she _________ (see) her grandfather3) It was the third time that she had been out of work that year. （4）It was＋時(shí)間＋since＋主語＋過去完成時(shí)。 It was 3 years since we _________(leave) China.　 （5）It was the best film I ___________(see). （6）wish后 接賓語從句在表過去時(shí)態(tài)用 had done How he wishes that he ________ (pass) the exam last term. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)著眼于現(xiàn)在，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的某動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，或是由過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作。 1) I have cleaned the classroom. 2) They have lived here for twenty years. 3) We have lived in Beijing since we came China. 過去完成時(shí)則主表示過去發(fā)生的兩動作的先后有別，表達(dá)的是“過去的過去”，即比過去發(fā)生的某動作都還要“過去”，兩動作中先發(fā)生的用過去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的則只用一般過去時(shí)。 1) Mr Smith had lived in London for ten years before he came to China. 2) We had learned 2000 words by the end of last term. Exx: 一、單項(xiàng)填空 1. When Li Ming hurried home, he found that his mother ____already ____to hospital. ? A. has; been sent?? B. had; sent?? C. has; sent? D. had; been sent 2. The students _______ several new English songs by the end of last term. ? A. had learned? B.?learned?? C. have learned?? D. will have learned 3. Lu Mei told me she _____breakfast, so she was very hungry after having two classes. ?A. has had? B. hasn't have? C. have had? D. hadn't had 4. Hardly ______ to the bus stop when the bus left, which drove them crazy. ? A did they get? B they got? C had they got D has they got 5. She _____her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ____home. ? A has left; comes? B had left; would come? C had left; came? D left; had come 6. Mr. Black said that it was at least ten years since he _____a good drink. ? A had enjoyed? B was enjoying? C have enjoyed? D have been enjoying 7. I ______ to catch the first train but I got up too late this morning. A. hoping B. had hoped C. has hoped D. would hope 8. Dr. Brown was very disappointed that one third of the guests _____ when he _____ at the party. A. left; had arrived B. left; arrived C. had left; had arrived D. had left; arrived 9. Tom first met me 10 years ago. I______ in a radio factory at that time. 　A. had worked B. have worked C. was working D. has been working 10. ---- What ______ when I phoned you? 　 ---- I ______ my work, and wanted to go out for a walk. 　 A. have you done; finished B. were you doing; have finished 　 C. did you do; had just finished D. were you doing; had just finished 11. It is very clear that you were in a hurry. You ______ your sweater inside out. 　　A. had worn B. wore C. were wearing D. are wearing 12. ---- We ______ that you would fix the TV set this week. 　 ---- I’m sorry. I ______ to fix it this week, but I’ve been too busy. 　　A. had expected; had intended B. are expecting; had intended 　　C. expect; intend D. expected; intend 13. ---Alice came back home the day before yesterday. ---Really? Where ______? 　　A. has she been B. had she been C. has she gone D. had she gone 14. Mr. Li and I are familiar with each other; we _ to each other at an international conference. 　　A. are introduced B. are being introduced 　　C. were introduced D. had been introduced 15. --- Did he notice you enter the room? 　　--- I don’t think so. He ______ to the radio with his eyes shut. 　　A. listened B. was listening 　C. has listened D. had listened 16. Tom and Jack met again in the street that day. They __each other for nearly two years since. A. didn’t see B. hadn’t seen C. haven’t seen D. haven’t been seen 17. ---Jane, do you still remember the first time we met?---Of course I do. You ____ in the library. 　　A. were reading B. had read C. have read D. read 18. A lot of my friends want to buy that kind of cloth because they _____ the cloth ______ well. 　　A. have told; washes B. have been told; washes 　　C. was told; washed D. have been told; is washed 19. The young professor talked for about nearly two hours yesterday. Never ______ him talk so much. 　　A.I heard B. did I hear C.I had heard D. had I heard 20. Ms Wang ______ to the office than she got down to writing the report. 　　A. has no sooner got B. had hardly got C. no sooner got D. had no sooner got 21. My dictionary ______. I have looked for it everywhere but still ______it. 　　A. has lost; don’t find 　B. is missing; don’t find 　　C. has lost; haven’t found D. is missing; haven’t found 22. --- Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favour? 　 --- Of course. What is it? 　 --- I ______ if you could take me to the station. 　　　A. would wonder B. did wonder C. was wondering D. had wondered 23. ---Hi, Liu Tao. I dropped in at your house at about ten last night, but you weren’t in. 　 ---Oh, I ______ regular exercise at the club. 　　　A. did B. was doing C. had done D have been doing 24. All the policemen’s attention was suddenly caught by a small dusty box which____ placed in the corner of the room. A. has been B. was being C. had been D. would be 25. By the time I got home yesterday, my husband _______ cooking the dinner. A. had finished B. finished C. has finished D. finishes 26. My friend asked me whether it was the first time that I ______ skiing. A. went B. has gone C. had gone D. would go 27. To everyone’s surprise, Mr Smith’s son spent much more money than he ______ on the journey. A. will plan B. has planned C. would plan D. had planned 28. If he ________ to the meeting yesterday, I would have met him. A. had come B. came C. would come D. was coming 29. I was late for the interview yesterday. I ________ the road to be so crowded. A. wouldn’t expect B. haven’t expected C. wasn’t expecting D. hadn’t expected 30. ---How long had the hotel _______ fire when the firemen got there? ---For an hour or so. A. caught B. been caught C. been on D. been catching 二、用所給動詞的正確形式填空 1 By the time we got to the airport, the plane _______ (take) off. 2 The children ________ (have) the book for two weeks before they returned it to the library. 3 He ______ (study) English for five years before he came here. 4 When I woke up this morning, I found that it ________ (stop) snowing. 5 The boy _____ (not watch) the movie because he had watched it twice. 6 Kate told me that it was the second time that she _______ (go) skating. 7 When Jim _____ (come) to China two years ago, he found people didn't understand him at all though he ________(learn) some Chinese in his own country. 8 I saw Han Mei yesterday. We _____ (not see) each other since we left Beijing. 9 If you _______ (work) harder, you would have passed the examination. 10 No sooner had we got there than it ______ (begin) to rain. 三、中譯英 1. 當(dāng)我們到達(dá)電影院時(shí)，電影已經(jīng)開始十分鐘了。 2. 他們本來計(jì)劃在上個周末前到達(dá)中國的。 3. 火車開出之前，所有的參觀者就已經(jīng)到了車站。 4. 我告訴了我美國的朋友在過去的三十年里中國發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 5. 我原以為這是他第一次遲到。 111