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111 Period 3 Grammar 【大成目標(biāo)】（目標(biāo)解讀及課堂組織2分鐘） 1.復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動詞的各種形式及用法； 2.掌握分詞,動名詞和不定式在句子中的功能及用法；（重點） 3.能判斷非謂語形式的主動和被動形式并正確運用。(難點) 【使用說明】 1.課前預(yù)習(xí)并完成基礎(chǔ)案，有疑問的可以在課堂上提問； 2.注意本學(xué)案的小貼士。 基礎(chǔ)案(課中5分鐘) 自主學(xué)習(xí)，教師課中點撥 1.非謂語動詞有哪幾類？充當(dāng)什么句子成分？ 分詞（包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞），動名詞和動詞不定式，他們具有名詞和形容詞的某些特征，因而可以做主語，表語，賓語，定語和狀語。 2. 非謂語動詞的結(jié)構(gòu)與特點 在下面的表格中填上相關(guān)的內(nèi)容。 非謂語 動詞 結(jié)構(gòu) 語法功能 （做何句子成分） 邏輯主語 特點 主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài) 不定式 to do to be done 相當(dāng)于adj. adv.和n.可作主、賓、表、定、賓補及狀語 句子主語或謂語動詞的賓語 一般表示動作的將來或同時發(fā)生 to have done to have been done to be doing -ing形式 doing being done 相當(dāng)于adj. n. adv.可作主、賓、定、表、賓補及狀語 與句子主語一致 表示動作的進行或主動 having done having been done -ed形式 done 相當(dāng)于adj.和 adv.可作定、表、賓補及狀語 與句子主語一致 表示動作的完成或被動 升華案（20分鐘） 自主學(xué)習(xí)，小組合作，展示點評 在學(xué)習(xí)和使用非謂語動詞時需要注意以下幾點： 探究提示： 根據(jù)例句，小組合作討論，歸納非謂語動詞的用法。 1. 要注意現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作狀語時的不同。 比較：When living abroad, he wrote many letters to his family and friends. v When heated, the ice will change into water. 歸納：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，過去分詞表示被動。 2. 要注意不定式和分詞作賓語補足語的不同。 v在感官動詞（see, watch, hear, feel, notice等）后既可用不帶to 的不定式做賓語補語，也可用現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補。兩者中間有時是有差別的。 v A: Do you hear someone knocking at the door? v B: Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times. 歸納：用現(xiàn)在分詞時表示動作正在發(fā)生，用不定式時表示動作發(fā)生了，即動作全部結(jié)束了。 溫馨提示： 從不定式和分詞與名詞之間是主謂關(guān)系還是動賓關(guān)系方面來歸納。 3. 要注意不定式和分詞作定語時的區(qū)別。 Give me a piece of paper to write on. vAll of us look forward to the coming holiday. 歸納：不定式作定語時，不定式和所修飾的名詞在意義上有動賓關(guān)系，因此，如果不定式是不及物動詞，后面就應(yīng)有必要的介詞；分詞作定語, 則被修飾的名詞和分詞之間有主謂關(guān)系。 4. 動名詞和不定式做主語和表語時的區(qū)別。例如： vReading without thorough comprehension is no good. vIt is quite necessary to read it many times. 歸納：一般來說，動名詞表示比較抽象的一般的行為，不定式表示具體某次動作，特別是將來的動作。 5. 某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)（動名詞特殊用法） (1)There is no + v-ing “…是不可能的”。 vThere is no knowing how old she is.= It is impossible to know how old she is. vThere is no telling where she’s gone.= It is impossible / difficult to know where she’s gone. (2) make a point of + doing “認(rèn)為…是必要的”。 vOur family make a point of going to church every Sunday. v= Our family make it a rule to go to church every Sunday. (3) be on the point / verge/ brink of + doing “瀕臨，將要…”。 vHe was on the point of leaving. (4) on (upon) + doing “一…就…”。 vOn hearing the news, I changed my plans.= As soon as I heard the news, I changed my plans. (5) It is no use / good + doing “…是沒有用的”，There is no point in doing sth “…是沒必要的”。 vIt is no use trying to persuade him. = It is of no use to try to persuade him. vThere is no point in telling her this news. = It is not necessary to tell her the news. (6) go + doing (大部分指運動和游戲)。 vHe went shopping / hiking / swimming / fishing etc. (7) 動名詞短語常用在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中： 溫馨提示： 這些固定用法要記住喲！ vhave difficulty (in) + doing sth 做某事有困難/費勁 vhave trouble (in) + doing sth 做某事有困難/費勁 vhave fun (in) + doing sth 做某事有趣/高興 vhave a good time (in) + doing sth 做某事很高興 vhave a hard time (in) + doing sth 做某事很困難 v例1：We have great difficulty (in) solving the problem. v例2：They had problem getting there. 鞏固案（10分鐘） 限時完成，當(dāng)堂點評 Multiple choice. 1. —It’s a long time since I saw my sister. —_______________ her this weekend? A. Why not visit B. why not to visit C. Why not visiting D. Why don’t visit 2. —The last one __________________ pays the meal. —Agreed! A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving 3. I smell something __________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt 4. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom. A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close 溫馨提示： 一定要注意分析時態(tài)和語態(tài)。 5. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice ______ him. A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call 6. There is nothing more I can try ______ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. A. being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade 7. The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time. A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed 溫馨提示： 一定要考慮句子所用的語態(tài)喲！ 8. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ________at the end of last March. A．has been launched B．having been launched C．being launched D．to be launched 9. Please remain _________ until the plane has come to a complete stop. A．to seal B．to be seated C． seating D．seated 10. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______, he gladly accepted it. A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished 1-5 ACACA 6-10 DBCD 【目標(biāo)反饋】(3分鐘) 1.本節(jié)課目標(biāo)達(dá)成情況： 2.存在什么問題？ 2 111