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111 Period 1: Reading—The Human Traffic Signal Objectives ● To learn about jobs done by people in English ● To learn to read with strategies Focus Words offer, respect, direct, freeze, earn, sign, apply, require, suffer, double Expressions in particular, on average, in theory, in practice, pass by, take…for granted, have an effort on…, take up, take notice of, in response to Patterns 1. One road in particular, which goes north from La Paz, is considered the most dangerous road in the world. 2．On one side the mountains rise steeply; on the other side there is a sheer drop, which in places is hundreds of metres deep. 3. The drop is so great that anyone inside the vehicle is lucky to survive. 4.Timoteo has an unusual job---he is a human traffic signal. Aids Multimedia facilities, tape-recorder, photos, diagrams Procedures ▇Warming up by learning about “job hunting” Good morning, class. Today we shall take Unit 2: A Job Worth Doing. But first we have to find a job, that is, to hunt a job. "Job hunting" is the act of looking for employment. It is also known as job seeking. The immediate goal of job seeking is usually to obtain a job interview and ultimately a form of employment. The people in the pictures on page 11 are doing jobs of different types. What are you going to do in the future? Now go to page 12. Let’s read about an unusual job. The man in the article is working as a traffic light or traffic signal. Do you think it strange? A traffic light or traffic signal is a signaling device positioned at a road intersection or pedestrian crossing to indicate when it is safe to drive, ride or walk, using a universal color code. Yes, this man is working as a signaling device, not for money but for helping people. ▇Before you read Please go over the word list for this module, paying attention to the pronunciation of the word, the relationship between its pronunciation and its spelling. ▇While you read Cut/ the sentences into thought groups, blacken the predicates, underline the useful expressions and darken the connectives. The Human Traffic Signal 1______________ At 3，500 metres，La paz，in Bolivia，is the highest capital/ in the world. Life is hard/ at high altitude, and the mountains make communication difficult．Many roads are in bad condition/ and accidents are frequent. One road/ in particular, which goes north/ from La Paz, is considered/ the most dangerous road/ in the world. On one side/ the mountains rise steeply; on the other side/ there is a sheer drop, which/ in places/ is hundreds of metres deep. Although there is not a lot of traffic, on average，one vehicle comes off the road/ every two weeks. The drop is so great that anyone/ inside the vehicle/ is lucky/ to survive. In theory, the road can only be used/ by traffic/ going uphill/ from 8/ in the morning, and by traffic/ coming downhill/ from 3/ in the afternoon. But in practice, few drivers respect the rules. 2__________________ But/ thanks to one man，the death toll has fallen. Timoteo Apaza is a gentle 46-year-old man/ who lives/ in a village/ near the most dangerous part of the road，known locally as la curva del Diablo(the Devil’s Bend)．Timoteo has an unusual job---he is a human traffic signal. Every morning/ he climbs up/ to the bend/ with a large circular board/ in his hand. The board is red/ on one side/ and green/ on the other. Timoteo stands/ on the bend/ and directs the traffic. When two vehicles approach from opposite directions/ they can't see each other, but/ they can see Timoteo. Timoteo is a volunteer. No one asked him/ to do the job, and no one pays him/ for it. Sometimes/ drivers give him a tip, so that he has just enough money/ to live on. But/ often they just pass by, taking the human traffic signal/ for granted. 3______________ So/ why does he do it? Before he volunteered to direct the traffic, Timoteo had had lots of jobs. He had been a miner/ and a soldier. Then/ one day/ while he was working as a lorry driver/ he had a close encounter/ with death. He was driving a lorry load of bananas/ when he came off the road/ at a bend/ and fell three hundred metres/ down the mountain. Somehow/ he survived. He was in hospital/ for months. Then, a few years later, he was called out/ in the night/ to help pull people out of a bus/ which had crashed/ at la curva del diablo. This last experience had a profound effect/ on Timoteo. He realised that he was lucky/ to be alive himself, and/ felt that it was his mission/ in life/ to help others. And so/ every morning, week in, week out, from dawn to dusk, Timoteo takes up his place/ on the bend/ and directs the traffic. ▇After you read Copy all the useful expressions into your Expression Book and make your own sentences with them. Expressions from: The Human Traffic Signal at 3，500 metres，the highest … in the world, at high altitude, make… difficult, in bad condition, in particular, be considered the most dangerous road in the world, on one side, rise steeply; on the other side, a sheer drop, in places, hundreds of metres deep, a lot of traffic, on average， come off the road, inside the vehicle, is lucky to survive. In theory, be used by traffic, go uphill, come downhill, in practice, respect the rules, thanks to…, the death toll, a gentle46-year-old man, live in a village near the most dangerous part of the road，known locally as …, have an unusual job, a human traffic signal, climb up to…, with…in one’s hand, red on one side and green on the other, stand on…, direct the traffic, approach from opposite directions, pay… for…, give… a tip, have just enough money to live on, pass by, take…for granted, work as …, have a close encounter with death, drive a lorry load of…, come off the road at a bend, fall three hundred metres down the mountain, in hospital for months, a few years later, be called out in the night, help pull… out of a bus , have a profound effect on…, be lucky to be alive, one’s mission in life to help others, week in, week out, from dawn to dusk, take up one’s place, on the bend ■ Read to transfer information The Human Traffic Signal Where Who and what Why At 3，500 metres，La paz，in Bolivia，is the highest capital in the world. Many roads are in bad condition and accidents are frequent. One road in particular, which goes north from La Paz, is considered the most dangerous road in the world. But thanks to one man，the death toll has fallen. Timoteo Apaza is a gentle46-year-old man who lives in a village near the most dangerous part of the road．Timoteo has an unusual job---he is a human traffic signal. Timoteo stands on the bend and directs the traffic. So why does he do it? He realised that it was his mission in life to help others. And so every morning, week in, week out, from dawn to dusk, Timoteo takes up his place on the bend and directs the traffic. ■Learning to read in English 1. Pay attention when you read and read as if it really matters. PAY ATTENTION PAY ATTENTION and PAY ATTENTION. 2. Stop talking to yourself when you read. People talk to themselves in 2 ways, by: vocalizing, which is the actual moving of your lips as you read, and sub vocalizing, which is talking to yourself in your head as you silently read. 3. Read in thought groups. Try to read in phrases of three or four words, especially in complete clauses and prepositional phrases. 4. Don't keep re-reading the same phrases. Poor readers habitually read and re-read the same phrase over and over again. 5. Vary your reading rate to suit the difficulty and type of writing of the text. Poor readers always read at the same slow rate. An efficient reader speeds up for easier material and slows down for the hard. ■Reading more about “Kinds of Jobs” What kinds of jobs do people do? Some that I have been interested in at various times. Artist I include artists in all media, including words, images, buildings, drama, dance and more. These people work with ideas and emotions as they are expressed in some kind of artifact, so let it include even the arts and crafts types who are usually sneered at by fine artists. I just don't have the vision to be much of an artist, although I have bursts of pretentiousness which make me want to be an artist of some kind. What's annoying is that I will get an idea for a novel or a movie or a TV show but then it won't crystallize, and then I get bored with it. At the moment I am not responding very well to art. Something about abstraction is frustrating me, and it has a destructive effect on trying to invent imaginary worlds, events and characters. I've never been much for visual arts, unless you count graphic arts. Designer A person who blends aesthetics with practical production: architectures, graphic artists and print designers, industrial designers and the like. Game designers, too, I guess. This is the sort of work I am probably most suited to, but I have found that because it needs some kind of practical impetus, it is difficult to come up with projects independently, at least for me. Also, I find that I have trouble "seeing" various design choices -- finding the suitable one. One design job that used to really interest me, and which is really obscure, is typeface design. I got pretty interested in it as a teenager, but I just couldn't get into it full time. I think I was partly discouraged by my atrocious, left-handed penmanship. I am always in awe of skilled calligraphers. I used to spend hours and hours designing posters or just drawing words, but I could not paint them, so I would carefully construct the outlines and then fill them in. Technician A specialist in a technical field, usually related to the production or operation of some kind of specialized equipment. You get a lot of job titles that include "engineer" that are not engineers -- those are technicians. Audio engineers, for example. It sounds fancier. I would make a great technician, because it requires fairly strict, but not absolute, conformance to rules of the domain. Equipment operation is readily "benchmarked" for efficiency, which my mechanical mind is pretty good at. However I have not acquired much in the way of technical knowledge in my life, since I fear the dangers of obsolescence. Information technology work is mostly a highfaluting kind of technician work, with a large base of theoretical knowledge. It lends itself to the bureaucratic mind, which is something that many people, myself included, find comforting. But it also lends itself to rigidness, which is not something I see as positive. Scientist The scariest calling -- to extract the secrets of the universe, its function and its rules. It requires a kind of obsession which I do not have, and a love of nature, which I am generally half-hearted about, and a capability to invent, perform and document detailed experiments in order to discover properties of the test subject -- and I hate experimentation. I figured this out right away in first year university. I think scientists are great and I like to learn about science (maybe not so much now as I used to), but this was a brief dream for me. Engineer Super-technician. Too nerve-wracking, because engineers make things that people's lives depend on, like vehicles, buildings, electric grids, medical equipment and the like. While I would certainly derive pride from helping build a new and better orbital vehicle, that's pure fantasy. Engineering is all the worst parts of science and all the worst parts of design. I love what they make and, like scientists, I respect them immensely, but I do not have a brain for remembering rules and formulae. I would get people killed for sure. Analyst You know, like economists and financial analysts and accountants. I am sure there are analysts who do not work with money, but that seems to be the primary area. I never seriously considered anything in this realm, but I did think about it briefly once. I think that at least part of the skill set of an analyst is overlaps with that of other fields, since you have to be able to look at a system, understand it, and predict its behaviour in most technically-related work. But money and business systems are very abstract, almost virtual. Lately I am having a lot of trouble with anything abstract. It's all just turning into a haze of symbols. Clerk Yeah, no kidding, sometimes I miss just being the guy who tells you where it is on the shelf. Reliable, predictable, concrete, orderly, tactile, and comprehensible. A retail store is a nice static system. And I want to distinguish a clerk, who just facilitates a purchase, from a sales person, who attempts to encourage or invent the desire for a purchase. Clerks don't have stress and they don't make any money, usually not even enough to live on, unless they are at a fancier retailer like The Bay or Sears. There are all kinds of other jobs also called "clerk" but I have to admit I do not know anything about them. But they do have a nice, safe, routine tedium to comfort them when they feel like the world is turning upside down. Everybody needs some level of stability. ■ Closing down by telling about your future job I’d like to work as…in the future. 111 Actress or Actor Ambassador/diplomat Animator Archaeologist Architect Artist Astronomer Astronaut Babysitter Basket ball player Biologist Business/Economy Chef/cook Computers Cosmetologist Counselor Dancer Dentist Doctor Electrician Engineer Farmer Fashion Designer Firefighter Hairdresser Horse rider, etc. Interior decorator Interpreter/translator Journalist/Writer Lawyer/Legal Massage therapist Mechanic Military Model Movie director Musician Naturalist Nurse Photographer Pilot Police President Priest Psychiatrist Psychologist Scientist Skateboarder Singer Soccer player Social worker Sportsperson Stewardess Stylist Surgeon Teacher Tourism Unusual Jobs Veterinarian Additional Materials Complete the article with one word in each blank: La paz is the highest __1___ in the world. Life is hard there. Many roads are in bad __2___ and accidents are frequent. Thanks to one man，the ___3__ toll of traffic accident has __4___. Timoteo Apaza, a gentle 46-year-old man, has an unusual job there. He __5___ as a human traffic signal. Every morning Timoteo __6___ on the bend and directs the traffic. So why __7___ he do it? One day he was driving a lorry load of bananas __8___ he came off the road at a bend and __9___ three hundred metres down the mountain. Somehow he __10___. This experience had a profound effect on Timoteo. He __11___ that it was his mission in life to __12___ others. (keys:1.capital2.condition3.death4.fallen5.works6.stands7.does 8.when 9.fell 10.survived11.realised12.help ) Study the notes to the difficult sentences: 1. One road in particular, which goes north from La Paz, is considered the most dangerous road in the world. 其中有一條路，從拉巴斯往北，被認為是世界上最危險的路。 閱讀或朗讀時，considered后面有個停頓， the到句號是主語補語。帶有賓語補語的動詞變成被動語態(tài)后，原賓語變成了主語，賓語補語亦因而變成了主語補語。如：She was made angry? (她被惹得生氣了。) He was elected President.? (他被選為總統(tǒng)。) What is the baby called? (這個嬰兒叫什么?) 2．On one side the mountains rise steeply; on the other side there is a sheer drop, which in places is hundreds of metres deep. 一邊，群山陡峭，另一邊，懸崖直下，有 些地方深達幾百英尺。On one side 和on the other side是相關(guān)并列連詞，也是所謂“篇章銜接詞語”。篇章中表示語義聯(lián)系的語法和詞匯手段有五類,構(gòu)成不同類型的語義銜接。前者包括照應(yīng)(reference) 、替代(substitution) 、省略(ellipsis) 、連接(conjunction) 和詞匯銜接(lexical cohesion) 。后者則包括詞匯重述( reiteration) 、同義( synonymy) 、下義( hyponymy) 和搭配( collocation)等。 2. The drop is so great that anyone inside the vehicle is lucky to survive. 落差太大了，車里的人能死里逃生算是命大。so…that引導(dǎo)的是程度狀語從句。它例如：He got up so early that he caught the first bus. It’ such a good chance that we must not miss it. To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night. 3. Timoteo has an unusual job---he is a human traffic signal. 鐵穆特歐有一份不尋常的工作，他是人式形交通信號燈。a human traffic signal是名詞短語作表語，是所謂“暗喻”用法。Metaphor (暗喻）：It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage. 英語修辭還有：Figures of speech (修辭) ，Simile (明喻），Analogy (類比）Personification (擬人） Hyperbole (夸張） Understatement (含蓄陳述）Euphemism (委婉）Metonymy (轉(zhuǎn)喻）Synecdoche (提喻）Antonomasia (換喻）Pun (雙關(guān)語）Syllepsis (一語雙敘）， Zeugma (軛式搭配）Irony (反語），Innuendo (暗諷），Sarcasm (諷刺）， Paradox (似非而是的雋語） Oxymoron (矛盾修飾），Antithesis (對照），Epigram (警句），Climax (漸進），Anti-climax or bathos (突降）， Apostrophe (頓呼），Transferred Epithet (轉(zhuǎn)類形容詞），Alliteration (頭韻），Onomatopoeia (擬聲）。 4. And so every morning, week in, week out, from dawn to dusk, Timoteo takes up his place on the bend and directs the traffic. 因此，每天早上，一周又一周，從早到晚，鐵穆特歐在拐角處站好位置，指揮交通。本句中的短語有：and so， every morning, week in, week out, from dawn to dusk, take up one’s place， on the bend， direct the traffic。 Answer the reading comprehension questions: 1. Why life in La paz，in Bolivia, is hard? A: Because it is at 3，500 metres. B: Because it is the highest capital in the world. C: Because the mountains make communication difficult． D: All of the above. 2. What does the word “drop” mean in the sentence The drop is so great that anyone inside the vehicle is lucky to survive. ? A: The smallest quantity of liquid heavy enough to fall in a spherical mass. B: A small quantity of a substance. C: The act of falling; descent. D: A swift decline or decrease, as in quality, quantity, or intensity. 3. What an unusual job does Timoteo have? A: He is a human traffic signal. B: He is miner. C: He is a truck driver. D: He is a traffic policeman. 4. What does the word “mission” mean in the sentence It was his mission in life to help others. ? A: A Christian church or congregation with no cleric of its own that depends for support on a larger religious organization. B: A series of special Christian services for purposes of proselytizing. C: A welfare or educational organization established for the needy people of a district. D: An inner calling to pursue an activity or perform a service; a vocation. (keys: DCAD) Absorb information concerning National College Entrance Examination: 短語動詞 課文中Although there is not a lot of traffic, on average，one vehicle comes off the road/ every two weeks.一句中短語動詞有come off…。 動詞加小品構(gòu)成的起動詞作用的短語叫短語動詞（Phrasal Verb）。例如：Turn off the radio.　把收音機關(guān)上。（turn off是短語動詞）。短語動詞的構(gòu)成基本有下列幾種： 1） 動詞+副詞，如：black out； 2） 動詞+介詞，如：look into； 3） 動詞+副詞+介詞，如：look forward to。構(gòu)成短語動詞的副詞和介詞都統(tǒng)稱為小品詞（Particle）。 請看： 高考中的短語動詞 1. I don’t______ rock ‘n’ roll. It’s much too noisy for my ears. (2004北京) A go after B go away with C go into D go in for 2. ---- ______ for the glass! ---- It's OK. I'm wearing shoes. (2004湖南) A. Look out B. Walk out C. Go out D. Set out 3. He accidentally _____he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn't been home for a couple of weeks. (2004湖南) A. let out B. took care C. made sure D, made out 4．We have to_____the wheat as soon as possible because a storm is on the way. (2004湖北) A．get away B．get across C．get through D．get in 5．Once a decision has been made, all of us should_____it. (2004湖北) A．direct to B．stick to C．lead to D．refer to 6．The final examination is coming up soon. It’s time for us to _____our studies. (2004遼寧) A．get down to B．get out C．get back for D．get over 7. It was not a serious illness, and she soon ______ it. (2004天津) A got over B got on with C got around D got out of 8．In some western countries, demand for graduates from MBA courses has _____. (2004廣西) A. turned down B. turned over C. fallen down D. fallen over 9. Before the war broke out, many people_____in safe places possessions they could not take with them. (2004重慶) A. threw away B. put away C. gave away D. carried away 10. The man insisted________ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. (2004江蘇) A