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1、2013高考英語(yǔ)（閱讀理解）沖刺訓(xùn)練（6） 及答案解析 (第***篇) THURSDAY, July 9 ( HealthDay News) — A new study that found that a lowercalorie diet slowed the aging process in monkeys could be the best proof yet that restricted diets might do the same for humans. “The big question in aging research is, ‘W

2、ill caloric restriction in species closely related to humans slow aging？’” said Richard Weindruch, senior author of a paper appearing in the July 10 issue of Science.This is the first clear demonstration that, in a primate species, we’ re inducing a slowdown of the aging process — showing increased

3、survival, resistance to disease, less brain atrophy and less muscle loss. “This predicts humans would respond similarly，” added Weindruch, professor of medicine at the University of Wisconsin and an investigator at the Veterans Hospital in Madison. Another expert noted that, despite some highly pub

4、licized studies in certain species, the link between restricted eating and longer lifespan has been far from proven. “The idea that dietary restriction extends lifespan in all species is not true. Many strains of rats and mice do not respond. In some strains, it’ s actually deleterious，” explained

5、Felipe Sierra, director of the biology of aging program at the US National Institute on Aging (NIA), which supported the new study. “The fact that it doesn’t work in some mice but it does seem to work in monkeys is surprising and it gives us hope.” But there’ s a larger question: how to change huma

6、ns’ increasingly lax eating habits. “This_finding_doesn’t_give_me_hope_that_humans_are_going_to_go_into_dietary_restriction，” added Marianne Grant, a registered dietitian at Texas A&M Health Science Center Coastal Bend Health Education Center in Corpus Christi. [語(yǔ)篇解讀]　這是一篇新聞報(bào)道，研究人員通過(guò)對(duì)動(dòng)物的研究證明低熱量的飲食可

7、能會(huì)延長(zhǎng)人的壽命。 1．The underlined word “restricted” means“________”． A. limited B. satisfied C. reserved D. fascinated [解析]　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段可知，低熱量的飲食可以延長(zhǎng)猴子的壽命，這一試驗(yàn)證明有節(jié)制的飲食可能同樣會(huì)延長(zhǎng)人的壽命。 [答案]　A 2．Which of the following statements about Weindruch is true? A. This experiment indicates restricted die

8、ts could extend humans’ lifespan. B. Adequate sleep is another way to reduce the speed of aging process. C. The experiment was a failure in some species such as mice. D. The experiment which had been tested on humans got a great success. [解析]　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句話可知答案為A。 [答案]　A 3．According to Felipe

9、 Sierra’ s idea, we know that________. A. the restricted diets experiment really had no distinct effect on rats and mice B. humans are finding new ways to slowdown the aging process of all the species C. the experiment is unnecessary to be carried on because of the response of the mice D. the ex

10、periment confirmed that restricted diets extend lifespan in all species [解析]　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第四段的第二句“Many strains of rats and mice do not respond.”可知答案。 [答案]　A 4．It can be inferred from the underlined sentence that ________. A. the result of the experiment shows that humans are not pigging out nowadays

11、B. nowadays humans are turning unhealthy diets into lowercalorie diets C. how to change humans’ careless eating habits is a long way to go D. the experiment changed humans’ increasingly careless eating habits [解析]　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由畫線句子可知人們目前并沒(méi)有進(jìn)入到控制飲食的狀態(tài)中，也就是說(shuō)要改變?nèi)藗兟唤?jīng)心的飲食習(xí)慣還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走。 [答案]　C 5．The author

12、most likely wrote this text to________. A. compare the two experiments on rats and monkeys B. illustrate the data from the research C. call on people to pay attention to their daily diets D. introduce a lively debate to amuse the reader [解析]　寫作目的題。作者的目的是通過(guò)介紹試驗(yàn)”低熱量的飲食可能會(huì)延長(zhǎng)人的壽命”，呼吁人們注意控制飲食。 [答案]

13、　C [長(zhǎng)難句解讀]　Another expert noted that, despite some highly publicized studies in certain species, the link between restricted eating and longer lifespan has been far from proven. 本句的主句為Another expert noted that，其中that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。從句用despite表示讓步關(guān)系，后面的far from proven意為”遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有得到證明”。 **********************

14、***************************************************結(jié)束 (第***篇) The treadle pump is based on a design developed in the 1970s by Norwegian engineer Gunnar Barnes. It can be made locally. The treadle pump is easy to build from bamboo or other wood and two metal cylinders (圓筒) with p

15、istons (活塞). The pistons go up and down as a person stands on lever devices — treadles — and uses a natural walking motion. How many hours a day the pump needs to be operated depends on the season and how much water is needed for crops. It could be two hours a day. It could be seven hours a day. S

16、mall children sometimes stand with their parents on the treadles. Everyone in the family can take turns operating the pump. The Acumen Fund is a nonprofit group that invests in business projects to fight poverty. It studied the effects of treadle pumps in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Uttar Pr

17、adesh has three treadle pump manufacturers and more than seventythree thousand pumps. Acumen reported that families using them ate more vegetables, because they were able to grow more to eat and to sell. Many of these families also drank more milk, because they bought a cow with their added earnin

18、gs. Men with treadle pumps often no longer have to leave the farm to seek extra work in cities. The pump can also improve education. Farmers often use their extra earnings to buy books for their children or to pay for schooling. A farmer in Zambia said he hoped to have enough money in three years

19、to buy a dieselpowered pump (柴油泵). Then he could grow more crops over a larger area. But the world economic crisis has had an effect on some farmers. IDE executive director Zenia Tata says some who were able to buy diesel pumps now do not have enough money to buy fuel. So they are using their trea

20、dle pumps again. [語(yǔ)篇解讀]　腳踏泵因其簡(jiǎn)單、易行、實(shí)用之特點(diǎn)，正在世界的廣大貧困地區(qū)被推廣，以幫助農(nóng)民脫貧致富，且已取得了顯著的效果。 1．The treadle pump ________. A. is invented by an American engineer B. is mainly made of metal C. consists of two cylinders with pistons D. consists of two cylinders with an engine [解析]　事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知答案為C。 [答案]　C

21、 2．What does the author want to tell us about the treadle pump in the second paragraph? A. Its history. B. Its working principle. C. Its structure. D. Its usage and effects. [解析]　作者意圖題。A和D顯然不對(duì)，C有一定干擾性，但其不能概括第二句，介紹工作原理時(shí)，一般要同時(shí)介紹其結(jié)構(gòu)，故選B。 [答案]　B 3．It can be inferred from the passage that _______

22、_. A. it is easy to learn how to operate the treadle pump B. it is difficult to build a treadle pump C. the treadle pump is used more in winter than in summer D. operating the treadle pump can keep fit [解析]　推理判斷題。B和C與文中內(nèi)容相悖，可排除。易錯(cuò)選D，但文中沒(méi)有依據(jù)，無(wú)法推知。根據(jù)第四段，小孩也可幫忙，家庭中每個(gè)人都可參與，可推知A為答案。 [答案]　A 4．Each

23、treadle pump manufacturer in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh has produced on average about ________. A. 18, 000 pumps B. 24, 000 pumps C. 37, 000 pumps D. 73, 000 pumps [解析]　數(shù)據(jù)推算題。根據(jù)第五段第三句可知，該州共三家生產(chǎn)商，共有七萬(wàn)三千多架腳踏泵，平均每家生產(chǎn)兩萬(wàn)四千架左右，故選B。 [答案]　B 5．Why does the farmer in Zambia hope to buy a di

24、eselpowered pump? A. Because he wants to grow crops on a larger scale. B. Because he hates to leave the farm to seek fortune in cities. C. Because a dieselpowered pump is cheaper than before. D. Because oil is much cheaper than before. [解析]　事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句可知答案。 [答案]　A [長(zhǎng)難句解讀]　IDE executive

25、 director Zenia Tata says some who were able to buy diesel pumps now do not have enough money to buy fuel. 該句為雙重復(fù)合句。主句主語(yǔ)為IDE executive director Zenia Tata，謂語(yǔ)為says，后面為省略了that的賓語(yǔ)從句。該賓語(yǔ)從句的主干部分為some do not have enoueh money to buy fuel，who were able to buy diesel pumps為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾主語(yǔ)some。 ****************************************************結(jié)束