畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(論 文)任 務(wù) 書
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設(shè)計(論文)題目:
圓梳機中自動取落綿裝置設(shè)計
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學(xué)生姓名:
專????業(yè):
所在學(xué)院:
指導(dǎo)教師:
職????稱:
發(fā)任務(wù)書日期:年月日
任務(wù)書填寫要求
1.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)任務(wù)書由指導(dǎo)教師根據(jù)各課題的具體情況填寫,經(jīng)學(xué)生所在專業(yè)的負(fù)責(zé)人審查、系(院)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽字后生效。此任務(wù)書應(yīng)在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)開始前一周內(nèi)填好并發(fā)給學(xué)生。
2.任務(wù)書內(nèi)容必須用黑墨水筆工整書寫,不得涂改或潦草書寫;或者按教務(wù)處統(tǒng)一設(shè)計的電子文檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)格式(可從教務(wù)處網(wǎng)頁上下載)打印,要求正文小4號宋體,1.5倍行距,禁止打印在其它紙上剪貼。
3.任務(wù)書內(nèi)填寫的內(nèi)容,必須和學(xué)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)完成的情況相一致,若有變更,應(yīng)當(dāng)經(jīng)過所在專業(yè)及系(院)主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)審批后方可重新填寫。
4.任務(wù)書內(nèi)有關(guān)“學(xué)院”、“專業(yè)”等名稱的填寫,應(yīng)寫中文全稱,不能寫數(shù)字代碼。學(xué)生的“學(xué)號”要寫全號,不能只寫最后2位或1位數(shù)字。
5.任務(wù)書內(nèi)“主要參考文獻”的填寫,應(yīng)按照《金陵科技學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)撰寫規(guī)范》的要求書寫。
?6.有關(guān)年月日等日期的填寫,應(yīng)當(dāng)按照國標(biāo)GB/T 7408—94《數(shù)據(jù)元和交換格式、信息交換、日期和時間表示法》規(guī)定的要求,一律用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字書寫。如“2002年4月2日”或“2002-04-02”。
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(論 文)任 務(wù) 書
1.本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)課題應(yīng)達到的目的:
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鍛煉學(xué)生分析解決問題的能力,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合運用所學(xué)知識,結(jié)合具體的科學(xué)問題而獨立解決問題的能力。全面系統(tǒng)地對學(xué)生進行設(shè)計方法和研究方法的基本訓(xùn)練,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合運用所學(xué)基礎(chǔ)理論、專業(yè)知識和各項技能,著重培養(yǎng)設(shè)計、計算、分析問題和解決問題的能力,進而總結(jié)、歸納和獲得合理結(jié)論,進行較為系統(tǒng)的工程訓(xùn)練,初步鍛煉科研能力,提高論文撰寫和技術(shù)表述能力,為實際工作奠定基礎(chǔ),達到人才培養(yǎng)的目的和要求。
著重地培養(yǎng)以下幾方面能力:
1.調(diào)查研究、中外文獻檢索、閱讀與翻譯的能力;
2.綜合運用基礎(chǔ)理論、專業(yè)理論和知識分析解決實際問題的能力;
3.查閱和使用專業(yè)設(shè)計手冊的能力;
4.設(shè)計、計算與繪圖的能力,包括使用計算機進行繪圖的能力;
? 5.撰寫設(shè)計說明書(論文)的能力。
2.本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)課題任務(wù)的內(nèi)容和要求(包括原始數(shù)據(jù)、技術(shù)要求、工作要求等):
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1 設(shè)計從圓梳機上取下落棉的機械結(jié)構(gòu)
2 必要的力學(xué)計算
3 取落棉的機構(gòu)運動仿真
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(論 文)任 務(wù) 書
3.對本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)課題成果的要求〔包括圖表、實物等硬件要求〕:
1、撰寫中、英文翻譯一份;
2、撰寫開題報告一份;
3、相關(guān)裝配圖及其主要零件圖一套
4、控制流程圖
5、外文參考資料譯文(附原文)
6、鼓勵做拓展性研究
4.主要參考文獻:
[1]蔡一本. 提高絹紡圓梳梳折和精綿質(zhì)量的試驗研究[J]. 紡織學(xué)報,1988,08:5-8+3.
[2]潘???馬志友,馬步虎. 毛紡精梳機圓梳梳理效能的研究[J]. 毛紡科技,1999,05:50-51.
[3]姜宏. 絹紡制綿用頭道圓梳機生產(chǎn)Ⅱ號綿的工藝探討[J]. 絲綢,1999,01:35-37+5.
[4]唐劍鋒. 圓梳、精梳結(jié)合制綿工藝的實踐[J]. 絲綢,1999,04:23-25+3-4.
[5]李淑青. 改進制綿工藝提高梳綿制成率的實踐[J]. 江蘇絲綢,1997,05:5-6+14.
[6]周林松,曹建林. 圓梳機加壓滑輪的改進[J]. 絲綢,1997,07:61.
[7]盛承華. 提高絹紡圓梳機制成率[J]. 絲綢,1983,07:11-14.
[8]徐燕君. 南通市絹紡行業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀及振興對策[J]. 江蘇絲綢,2000,04:26-27+31.
[9]胡德仲,候俊英. 絹紡線上紡制短麻條的實踐[J]. 黑龍江紡織,2000,03:6-7.
[10]劉華平. 海安縣繭絲綢產(chǎn)業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀與思考(上)[J]. 江蘇絲綢,2012,02:26-35.
[11]吳紅玲,蔣少軍,丁麗文. 精梳機梳理化纖條圓梳針排的改裝[J]. 紡織器材,2006,S1:50-51.
[12]劉莉. 紡機創(chuàng)新實錄[J]. 中國纖檢,2011,14:82-83.
[13]王繼榮,曲麗君. 毛紡精梳機裝配式圓梳及頂梳梳理效果研究(英文)[J]. 青島大學(xué)學(xué)報(工程技術(shù)版),2002,03:33-36.
[14]王樹惠,徐春葉,李龍,韓惠民. 新型裝配式整體圓梳頂梳結(jié)構(gòu)及其梳理性能的研究[J]. 西北紡織工學(xué)院學(xué)報,1994,01:16-22.
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(論 文)任 務(wù) 書
5.本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)課題工作進度計劃:
2015.12.13—2016.03.09? 畢業(yè)設(shè)計調(diào)研;開題報告;英文翻譯;
2016.03.10—2016.04.06?? 畢業(yè)設(shè)計查閱;收集資料;論文提綱;
2016.04.07—2016.05.04?? 畢業(yè)設(shè)計實驗方案程序設(shè)計與優(yōu)化;
2016.05.05—2016.05.11?? 畢業(yè)設(shè)計全套材料;
2016.05.12—2016.05.17??畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文預(yù)審;畢業(yè)設(shè)計答辯;
所在專業(yè)審查意見:
?通過?
負(fù)責(zé)人: ??????????? ?2016? 年??? 1 ?月???18 ?日
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(論 文)開 題 報 告
設(shè)計(論文)題目:
圓梳機中自動取落綿裝置設(shè)計
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學(xué)生姓名:
專????業(yè):
所在學(xué)院:
指導(dǎo)教師:
職????稱:
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?年? ?月??日 ?
開題報告填寫要求
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1.開題報告(含“文獻綜述”)作為畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)答辯委員會對學(xué)生答辯資格審查的依據(jù)材料之一。此報告應(yīng)在指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)下,由學(xué)生在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)工作前期內(nèi)完成,經(jīng)指導(dǎo)教師簽署意見及所在專業(yè)審查后生效;
2.開題報告內(nèi)容必須用黑墨水筆工整書寫或按教務(wù)處統(tǒng)一設(shè)計的電子文檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)格式打印,禁止打印在其它紙上后剪貼,完成后應(yīng)及時交給指導(dǎo)教師簽署意見;
3.“文獻綜述”應(yīng)按論文的框架成文,并直接書寫(或打印)在本開題報告第一欄目內(nèi),學(xué)生寫文獻綜述的參考文獻應(yīng)不少于15篇(不包括辭典、手冊);
4.有關(guān)年月日等日期的填寫,應(yīng)當(dāng)按照國標(biāo)GB/T 7408—94《數(shù)據(jù)元和交換格式、信息交換、日期和時間表示法》規(guī)定的要求,一律用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字書寫。如“2004年4月26日”或“2004-04-26”。
5、開題報告(文獻綜述)字體請按宋體、小四號書寫,行間距1.5倍。
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畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(論文) 開 題 報 告
1.結(jié)合畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)課題情況,根據(jù)所查閱的文獻資料,每人撰寫不少于1000字左右的文獻綜述:
一、前言圓梳機用于加工棉纖維和化學(xué)纖維,屬于紡織機械。按照紡紗工藝流程,梳棉是一道重要的工序。圓梳機的前道工序是開清棉聯(lián)合機,后道工序是并條機(普梳工藝流程)或條卷機(精梳工藝流程)。原棉或棉型化纖經(jīng)開清棉工序后制成的棉卷或棉層中,纖維多呈束、塊狀,且有不少雜質(zhì),還需要進行細(xì)致的梳理加工。梳理機的作用就是通過細(xì)致的梳理將束、塊狀纖維進一步分解成單纖維狀態(tài),清除雜質(zhì)和疵點,并制成一定規(guī)格的卷裝。因此,蓋板梳理機的任務(wù)是: ? 1、梳理:對束、塊狀纖維進行細(xì)致的梳理,使其分離成單纖維狀態(tài),并盡可能使纖維伸直平行; ? 2、除雜:進一步清除喂入半制品內(nèi)的雜質(zhì)、疵點和部分短纖維; ? 3、混和:在分離成單根纖維的前提下,對不同性狀和比例的纖維進行充分地混和,以便制成均勻的梳棉條; ? 4、成條:為便于下道工序加工、儲存和運輸,將纖維制成符合一定規(guī)格和質(zhì)量要求的棉條(俗稱生條),并有規(guī)律的圈放在條筒內(nèi)。梳理作用的實現(xiàn)主要是依靠針齒對纖維的作用。兩個對纖維有一定握持力且具較小隔距的針齒面作相對運動,纖維在其中受到兩個針齒面的共同作用,從而被扯松、梳理。我國用于梳棉技術(shù)裝備落后,勞動生產(chǎn)率低。我國絹紡生產(chǎn)技術(shù)裝備中,30年代、50年代的老設(shè)備占60 % 以上,原料精練、制綿基本上為手工操作,半機械化操作,勞動強度高,與國外先進水平相比差距很大。二、研究意義紡織業(yè)是我國國民經(jīng)濟傳統(tǒng)的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)和重要的民生產(chǎn)業(yè),也是國際競爭優(yōu)勢明顯的產(chǎn)業(yè)。它在繁榮市場、擴大出口、吸納就業(yè)、增加農(nóng)民收入等方面都發(fā)揮著重要的作用。隨著中國加入WTO以來中國成為了全球紡織領(lǐng)域中最引人注目的地區(qū)之一,同時紡織業(yè)也成為中國入世后的強勢產(chǎn)業(yè)。我國經(jīng)過自身多年的努力發(fā)展,具備了世界上較完整的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈、較高的加工配套水平、眾多發(fā)達的產(chǎn)業(yè)集群地和不斷增強的應(yīng)對市場風(fēng)險的自我調(diào)節(jié)能力,給行業(yè)保持穩(wěn)健的發(fā)展步伐提供了堅實的保障。近年來,我國絹紡工業(yè)利用自身的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢,研究出絹紡低溫精練工藝,開發(fā)出絹紡自動精練控制系統(tǒng),通過改造研究出一套適合我國絹紡原料加工的制綿新工藝生產(chǎn)線,開發(fā)出絹紡單錫林梳綿機。許多絹紡廠引進了國外自調(diào)勻整高速針梳機,氣接自動絡(luò)筒機,有捻并絲機和倍捻機等先進設(shè)備,大大地提高了產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,增強了我國絹紡加工手段,為我國絹紡工業(yè)參與國際競爭提供了可靠的技術(shù)保證。由此可見,推進技術(shù)進步,加快技術(shù)改造對我國絹紡機械來說是必不可少的!三、研究現(xiàn)狀從20世紀(jì)后期,高產(chǎn)梳棉機逐步發(fā)展發(fā)展起來。其在梳理技術(shù)、自動監(jiān)控技術(shù)、在線檢測技術(shù)、負(fù)壓吸塵技術(shù)以及安全生產(chǎn)技術(shù)方面都得到了很大的發(fā)展;不僅轉(zhuǎn)速日益增高,產(chǎn)量也一增再增,尤其是產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量有了明顯的進步,生條結(jié)雜少,重量不勻率降低,為紡好紗織好布奠定了堅實的基礎(chǔ)[}os}。新型高產(chǎn)梳棉機主要具有以下技術(shù)特征: (1>提高錫林機構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)速。 (2)增加了在線調(diào)整蓋板一錫林機構(gòu)的隔距及在線磨針技術(shù)。 (3)設(shè)置在線監(jiān)測棉結(jié)、自調(diào)勻整、檢測各部件的運轉(zhuǎn)速度及產(chǎn)量等數(shù)據(jù)的裝置,并及時進行屏幕顯示。 (4)應(yīng)用喂入部分的三刺輥技術(shù),增加了錫林機構(gòu)開松、除雜的效果和減輕了主梳理區(qū)的除雜負(fù)擔(dān),為錫林機構(gòu)的增速創(chuàng)造了條件。 (5)應(yīng)用變頻或伺服控制技術(shù),使主要回轉(zhuǎn)部件利用電子技術(shù)來控制相互的速比。 (6)改善安全防護措施,如:高速回轉(zhuǎn)的錫林機構(gòu)重為1.5t,在60s內(nèi)可剎車停止運行。在梳棉機上在安全門罩上裝有電子鎖,只有當(dāng)機器停穩(wěn)后才能打開電子鎖。 (7)增加錫林機構(gòu)的幅寬。總之,現(xiàn)代化梳棉機與過去傳統(tǒng)梳棉機相比,速度更快,梳理效果更好,生條質(zhì)量更優(yōu)。新型的梳棉技術(shù),給梳棉機行業(yè)注入了新的血液,給紡織工業(yè)帶來了新的動力。 21世紀(jì),實現(xiàn)梳棉機的高產(chǎn)、優(yōu)質(zhì)成為國內(nèi)外紡機制造廠的重點研究對象。目前國內(nèi)、外紡織行業(yè)普遍采用模塊化、人性化設(shè)計以及抬高錫林機構(gòu),加寬機幅和增加梳理面積等新技術(shù)來實現(xiàn)梳棉機的高產(chǎn)、優(yōu)質(zhì)。四、研究內(nèi)容本課題來自南通海安縣富有絹紡織有限公司,該設(shè)計課題是實現(xiàn)圓梳機中滾筒取落綿的自動化,即設(shè)計從圓梳機上取下落棉的機械結(jié)構(gòu),并進行必要的力學(xué)計算。具體如下: 1)查閱有關(guān)資料,學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)圓梳機的知識 2)熟悉圓梳機的任務(wù)和工藝流程; 3)圓梳機的主要結(jié)構(gòu)和主要作用; 4)設(shè)計取代人工操作的機械結(jié)構(gòu); 5)出圖,用SolidWorks等軟件進行實體造型; 6)對實體進行分析,并做必要的力學(xué)計算;參考文獻: [1]蔡一本.?提高絹紡圓梳梳折和精綿質(zhì)量的試驗研究[J].?紡織學(xué)報,1988,08:5-8+3. [2]潘???馬志友,馬步虎.?毛紡精梳機圓梳梳理效能的研究[J].?毛紡科技,1999,05:50-51. [3]姜宏.?絹紡制綿用頭道圓梳機生產(chǎn)Ⅱ號綿的工藝探討[J].?絲綢,1999,01:35-37+5. [4]唐劍鋒.?圓梳、精梳結(jié)合制綿工藝的實踐[J].?絲綢,1999,04:23-25+3-4. [5]李淑青.?改進制綿工藝提高梳綿制成率的實踐[J].?江蘇絲綢,1997,05:5-6+14. [6]周林松,曹建林.?圓梳機加壓滑輪的改進[J].?絲綢,1997,07:61. [7]盛承華.?提高絹紡圓梳機制成率[J].?絲綢,1983,07:11-14. [8]徐燕君.?南通市絹紡行業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀及振興對策[J].?江蘇絲綢,2000,04:26-27+31. [9]胡德仲,候俊英.?絹紡線上紡制短麻條的實踐[J].?黑龍江紡織,2000,03:6-7. [10]劉華平.?海安縣繭絲綢產(chǎn)業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀與思考(上)[J].?江蘇絲綢,2012,02:26-35. [11]吳紅玲,蔣少軍,丁麗文.?精梳機梳理化纖條圓梳針排的改裝[J].?紡織器材,2006,S1:50-51. [12]劉莉.?紡機創(chuàng)新實錄[J].?中國纖檢,2011,14:82-83. [13]王繼榮,曲麗君.?毛紡精梳機裝配式圓梳及頂梳梳理效果研究(英文)[J].?青島大學(xué)學(xué)報(工程技術(shù)版),2002,03:33-36. [14]王樹惠,徐春葉,李龍,韓惠民.?新型裝配式整體圓梳頂梳結(jié)構(gòu)及其梳理性能的研究[J].?西北紡織工學(xué)院學(xué)報,1994,01:16-22. [15]絹紡學(xué),中國紡織大學(xué) 絹紡教研室,1986.12.
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2.本課題要研究或解決的問題和擬采用的研究手段(途徑):
1. 本課題要研究或解決的問題本課題是針對圓梳機的自動化的研究。由于現(xiàn)有的圓梳機生產(chǎn)效率低下,并且很多地方需要人工手動操作,因此關(guān)于圓梳機自動化的研究勢在必行!本課題的目的就是設(shè)計出圓梳機中自動取落綿的機械裝置。 2. 研究方法、途徑和步驟(1)研究方法和途徑 1)查閱資料,翻譯英文資料認(rèn)真研究獲得的有關(guān)絹紡機械和與圓梳機有關(guān)的專著、學(xué)術(shù)期刊和學(xué)位論文,從中間獲取當(dāng)代圓梳機相關(guān)設(shè)計的前沿資料和先進技術(shù),并且借鑒其機械設(shè)計方法,用于自己的設(shè)計當(dāng)中;對于英文文獻資料應(yīng)該對其進行翻譯,結(jié)合課題,對其進行利用。 2)熟練掌握設(shè)計所需的內(nèi)容復(fù)習(xí)以前所學(xué)設(shè)計有關(guān)的專業(yè)知識,并熟練的運用到設(shè)計中去。還要學(xué)習(xí)一些設(shè)計中所用到的其它方面的知識,如:利用AutoCAD進行二維圖的繪制和利用SolidWorks等軟件進行實體造型以及力學(xué)性能相關(guān)特性的了解等。(2)設(shè)計步驟 1)查閱有關(guān)資料,學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)圓梳機的知識 2)熟悉圓梳機的任務(wù)和工藝流程; 3)圓梳機的主要結(jié)構(gòu)和主要作用; 4)設(shè)計取代人工操作的機械結(jié)構(gòu); 5)出圖,用SolidWorks等軟件進行實體造型; 6)對實體進行分析,并做必要的力學(xué)計算;
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紡織機械裝備的發(fā)展
紡織機械是為紡織工業(yè)生產(chǎn)建設(shè)服務(wù)的行業(yè),我國紡織工業(yè)發(fā)展的設(shè)備基礎(chǔ),從建國開始就明確立足于國內(nèi)的原則,目前我國棉紡設(shè)備總量超過4千萬錠,織機總量超過100萬臺,擁有量均居世界第1位,其中90%以上由國內(nèi)自行制造提供。我國紡織機械工業(yè)經(jīng)過40多年的努力,已能自己生產(chǎn)棉紡、毛紡、麻紡、絲絹、織造、染整、化纖、針織、非織造布、服裝等紡織機械和紡織專用儀器、器材等15個行業(yè)1700多個品種的成套設(shè)備,形成了一定的能力規(guī)模和制造體系。但從總體上講,我國紡織機械和國際先進水平相比,仍有著較大的差距,品種、質(zhì)量和設(shè)備的成套水平,遠遠跟不上我國紡織工業(yè)發(fā)展的新形勢,具體表現(xiàn)在低水平設(shè)備的生產(chǎn)能力有余,高水平設(shè)備的生產(chǎn)能力不足或還不能生產(chǎn),需要改進提高。
紡織機械是紡織纖維加工的專用機械,各類纖維從原料處理、生產(chǎn)到制成在市場銷售的紡織成品有著各自的加工特征和加工系統(tǒng),具有工藝流程長、工藝技術(shù)復(fù)雜、機械設(shè)備成套性強,在長時間連續(xù)運轉(zhuǎn)條件下,為保證紡織產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,設(shè)備必須具有高可靠性、穩(wěn)定性和一致性。
(1)工藝流程長、工藝技術(shù)復(fù)雜、設(shè)備成套性強。紡織產(chǎn)品的加工工藝基本原理是將纖維原料均勻喂入,進行開松、除雜、混和、梳理成條、混和并條、粗紡、精紡成為紗線;再將紗線經(jīng)過絡(luò)筒、整理、漿紗、穿筘、織造或針織成布,然后將布經(jīng)煉漂、染色或印花、后整理加工制成服裝用面料、襯里以及其他不同的用途。除了前后道生產(chǎn)主機的成套性要求外,還需要有一系列輔機和檢測儀器的配套,如整個流程的通風(fēng)、吸塵、濾塵、落紗設(shè)備等等。為使一個紡織工廠能投入正常、穩(wěn)定生產(chǎn),所用設(shè)備必須前后、左右相互配套,銜接工藝要求。由于成套紡織機械品種多,關(guān)鍵零部件和專件多,批量大,不可能在一、二個企業(yè)中組織成套生產(chǎn)。所以紡織機械工業(yè)在開始創(chuàng)建時不僅重視成套設(shè)備的開發(fā),又按成臺機械、專配件進行專業(yè)化分工,在全國范圍內(nèi)采取協(xié)作成套的原則組織生產(chǎn)。與此同時,重視了紡織機械的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、通用化和系列化并形成系統(tǒng),對實現(xiàn)專業(yè)分工、全國配套工作起著推動和促進作用。
(2)可靠性、穩(wěn)定性、一致性要求高。紡織工業(yè)生產(chǎn)特點之一是普遍采用日夜三班連續(xù)運轉(zhuǎn)的方式,部分化纖設(shè)備要求年連續(xù)運轉(zhuǎn)8000h不中斷。紡織機械在長期連續(xù)運轉(zhuǎn)條件下必須可靠、穩(wěn)定。即機械的無故障率要高,運轉(zhuǎn)要穩(wěn)定。以染色機械為例,在同批坯布和染料條件下,須具有速度、壓力、溫度、液流等工藝參數(shù)的較高穩(wěn)定性,以防止成品出現(xiàn)色差、掉色或染色不勻等缺陷。鑄鐵件在紡織機械零件中目前仍占有較大比重(紡機、織機一般達40%~60%),鑄件一般是壁薄、形狀復(fù)雜、要求表面光潔,少沾纖維和便于清掃。制造工藝水平是保證整臺機械的穩(wěn)定性和一致性的前提,現(xiàn)代紡織機械要通過整機裝配和機械運轉(zhuǎn),驗證其能否符合“三性”要求,從而保證出廠機械的質(zhì)量。
(3)工業(yè)衛(wèi)生和三廢防治要求高。在紡織工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程中一般會產(chǎn)生粉塵和飛花(棉毛麻等短纖維),如不加以處理,會嚴(yán)重污染生產(chǎn)環(huán)境,損害操作人員的身體健康,影響產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,甚至有可能發(fā)生粉塵燃爆事故,造成人身傷亡和財產(chǎn)損失。(A)以下,努力降低生產(chǎn)車間的總體噪聲。在化纖和印染生產(chǎn)過程中會產(chǎn)生工業(yè)廢水、廢液,造成環(huán)境污染,要求紡織機械做到少排放、多回收利用。
隨著紡織工業(yè)的發(fā)展,從70年代開始,國際紡織品由一般產(chǎn)品向優(yōu)質(zhì)、高檔、高附加值產(chǎn)品的方向發(fā)展,從而推動各種優(yōu)質(zhì)、高效、自動化程度高、用人少的新型紡織機械的研究開發(fā),進一步促進和加快紡織機械的技術(shù)進步。當(dāng)前各大類紡織機械的發(fā)展趨勢大體如下。
(1)紡紗機械繼續(xù)向優(yōu)質(zhì)、高產(chǎn)、高效和連續(xù)化、自動化方向發(fā)展。如棉紡機械普遍采用多包細(xì)抓、均勻混和、逐漸開松、多梳少打、雜質(zhì)早落、少傷纖維的抓、清梳聯(lián)合機,全過程采用計算機監(jiān)測、監(jiān)控,梳棉配置復(fù)合式自調(diào)勻整裝置以保證生條的均勻度。近幾年,工業(yè)發(fā)達國家為實現(xiàn)紡紗行業(yè)由勞動密集型向技術(shù)密集型方向轉(zhuǎn)變,紡紗機械的連續(xù)化、自動化得到迅速提高,如自動開棉包和連續(xù)抓棉、開清梳聯(lián)合機和細(xì)紗絡(luò)筒聯(lián)合機,梳棉、精梳、并條、粗紗和細(xì)紗之間已實現(xiàn)了工序間無人運輸車或吊掛裝置將半成品送到下道工序的自動運輸系統(tǒng),初步滿足了無人或少人紡紗車間的需要。此外,轉(zhuǎn)杯紡紗機、平行紡紗機、摩擦紡紗機和噴氣紡紗機等新型紡紗機械近年發(fā)展迅速,日趨成熟。
(2)織造機械由于無梭織機具有入緯率高、優(yōu)質(zhì)、高效、品種適應(yīng)性廣、噪聲低等優(yōu)點,已成為世界各國采用的主要機型。此外,計算機輔助紋織設(shè)計,電子多臂和電子提花裝置的推廣應(yīng)用也是織造技術(shù)現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展趨勢。針織機械隨著針織品的發(fā)展,近年來在性能、速度和機電一體化水平方面有很大提高,微機控制織物花型已普遍采用。
(3)染整機械的發(fā)展趨勢是在廣泛應(yīng)用電子技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)上強化染整工藝條件的實現(xiàn),在整個生產(chǎn)過程中加強在線檢測,進一步自動控制生產(chǎn)工藝條件,向優(yōu)質(zhì)、高效、多功能、小浴比、節(jié)能和減少公害方向發(fā)展。整理機械主要是發(fā)揮化學(xué)整理和機械整理的特點,有時是相互交替,增添整理功能,為提高織物檔次、改善織物服用性能和滿足特殊功能的要求,進一步提高織物的附加值。
(4)化學(xué)纖維的發(fā)展是開發(fā)新品種、高質(zhì)量、多功能、仿真和高附加值產(chǎn)品?;瘜W(xué)纖維機械中合成纖維機械的發(fā)展趨勢是繼續(xù)向高速、高效、大容量、短流程、自動化方向發(fā)展,使纖維生產(chǎn)達到穩(wěn)產(chǎn)、高產(chǎn)、少人操作、便于變換產(chǎn)品品種。粘膠纖維機械向連續(xù)、自動化、高速、大容量、節(jié)能和少污染方向發(fā)展。我國化纖機械為提高技術(shù)水平,需結(jié)合我國國情重點發(fā)展:
1)開發(fā)大生產(chǎn)能力腈綸成套設(shè)備。在完成干法腈綸成套設(shè)備的同時,進一步開發(fā)二步法濕法腈綸紡絲成套設(shè)備;
2)開發(fā)生產(chǎn)滌綸差別化纖維和微細(xì)纖維、超細(xì)纖維的成套設(shè)備以及年產(chǎn)3萬t能力的滌綸成套設(shè)備;
3)開發(fā)年生產(chǎn)能力5000t的錦綸6聚合、紡絲成套設(shè)備;
4)開發(fā)新型錦、滌綸工業(yè)用絲成套設(shè)備;
5)開發(fā)年生產(chǎn)能力2萬t的粘膠短纖維前處理和紡絲生產(chǎn)線以及新型粘膠長絲設(shè)備。加快企業(yè)自身技術(shù)改造,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)代制造技術(shù)和加工設(shè)備,掌握現(xiàn)代企業(yè)管理方法,能根據(jù)市場需要,努力開發(fā)新的紡織機械產(chǎn)品,及時提供水平高又符合我國國情的紡織機械,更好地為我國紡織工業(yè)的現(xiàn)代化服務(wù)。
Development of spinning and weaving machinery
Spinning and weaving machinery is to be that textile industry produces the industry that construction serves, equipment basis that our country textile industry develops, from building up a country beginning to keep a foothold in domestic principle definitely, our country cotton spinning equipment all quantity exceeds 40 million ingots at present , loom all quantity exceeds 1 million , own amounts occupy the 1st world without exception , provide among them above 90% from in the homeland proper motion fabrication. Our country spinning and weaving mechanical industry by efforts made for more than 40 years, already can self have produced cotton spinning , wool spinning , bast fibre spinning , silk 15 industry more than 1,700 breed complete sets of equipment such as thin tough silk , instrument , equipment and material weaving , dyeing the round number , chemical fiber , spinning and weaving machinery and spinning and weaving special use knitting , must weave cloth , uniforms , etc., have formed certain ability scale and have created system. Our country spinning and weaving machinery and advanced international level are compared with each other , still are have bigger gap but from talking as a whole,breed , mass and equipment level in complete set, cannot keep abreast with the new circumstances that our country textile industry develops over, the efficiency showing concretely in low level equipment is odd , high tone equipment efficiency is insufficient or can not give birth to a child , need to improve rise.
spinning and weaving machinery is the special use machinery that spinning and weaving fibre processes , the finished product fibre of all kinds is produced from the material handling, to manufacturing spinning and weaving selling in marketplace has the respective treating characteristic and processes system, have the process flow is long , the technology is complicated , the machinery equipment complete set is strong, under longtime continuous duty condition, be ensure that spinning and weaving product quality , equipment must have high reliability , stability and compatibility. (1) process flow is long , the technology is complicated , the equipment complete set is strong. Spinning and weaving product treating handicraft basal principle is that fibre raw material is entered homogeneously hey , carry out an opening , comb able strip , blend drawing out , the roving except miscellaneous , blending,spinning become yarn; Again, yarn is tempered with fire by that spooling, arranging , the sizing , denting , the cloth weaving or knitting Cheng, will spread classics then bleaching , is arranges manufacture a clothing from plus material , lining and other different use of treating behind dyeing or the revenue stamp. Except that the front and back says that the complete set producing a lead plane's demands, need to forming a complete set having a series of auxiliary engine and detecting instrument, if entire technological process ventilation , dust absorption, filter dust , doff equipment etc. Be made a spinning and weaving factory can throw into giving birth to a child, regular , stable by be made a spinning and weaving factory can throw into giving birth to a child regular , stable, technological requirements. Key component and part and the end document are many , batches are big since the spinning and weaving machinery breed in complete set is many,organization gives birth to a child in complete set impossibly in one, two enterprise. Therefore spinning and weaving mechanical industry establishes the exploitation taking complete sets of equipment seriously now and then not only in beginning, the accessory carries out division of labour on the basis of specialization according to becoming platform machinery , end , adopts the principle organization in complete set who cooperates within the whole nation range giving birth to a child. Meanwhile, have taken spinning and weaving machinery normalizing seriously , be applied or used universally-rization preparing the system being seriated and taking form, the whole nation supporting job are playing drive and promote role to realizing division of labour based on specialization. (2) reliability , stabilities , compatibility demand height. That textile industry produces one of characteristic is common adopt Class Three continuous duty way , part chemical fiber equipment demand annual continuous duty 8000 hs blocks of wood be interrupted day and night. Spinning and weaving machinery must reliable , stabilize under long range continuous duty condition. The fault-free rates being machinery ask height , the travel to need to stabilize. Take dyeing machinery as example , must have higher technological parameter stabilities such as speed , pressure , the temperature , liquid stream, to prevent from chromatic aberration , defects such as fading or dyeing not dividing evenly appearing on finished product under same batch of grey cloth and dyestuff condition. At present still, iron casting occupies bigger specific gravity (spinning machine , amounts to 40% ~ like the loom in spinning and weaving machinery parts 60%), be wall like casting slightly, the form is complicated , require that outside is bright and clean, stop being stained with fibre and easy to clean. Creating technological level is to swear to rectify platform the machinery stability and compatibility premise , modern spinning and weaving machinery is going to work by complete machine assembling and machinery, mass verifying whose being able to conform to "three nature " requests , to swear to leave the factory thereby or not machinery. (3)Prevention and cure demands industrial hygienes and the three wastes highly. May produce dust and flying (the linter hemp waits for a staple), if not handling in general in textile industry procedure of production, meeting contaminate a production environment gravely, damage operation personnel good health , affect product quality, be in the cards dust happened burning exploding even the accident, brings about person casualties and property loss. (A) the following , effort reduce the noise producing workshop's population. The meeting produces the industrial sewage , waste liquid , brings about environmental pollution in chemical fiber and printing and dyeing procedure of production, require that spinning and weaving machinery achieves stopping discharging , many reclaim make use of.
With the development of textile industry, begin from the seventies, the textile goods faces an international from general product high grade , top grade , the high value-added products direction develop , drive various high grade thereby, high-effect, automation degree is high , little servant new model spinning and weaving machinery research and development , further, promotes and accelerates spinning and weaving machinery technological progress. Currently respectively big kind spinning and weaving machinery developing trend cardinal principle as follows. (1) spinning machinery continues to high grade , high yield , the high-effect sum melts in a row , automation direction develops. Adopt to wrap up the thin grasping grasping , blending homogeneously , combing gradually open pine , many stop since foreign substance is caducous, few wound fibre , blowing-carding machine much if cotton spinning machinery is common, the entire proceeding adopt a computer monitor, supervisory control, combs cottton from homogenizing the entire device deploying compound style to swear to grow degree of homogeneity. The industrialized country is that the reason is labor-intensive over the past few years, realize the industry spinning change to technology-intensive direction, the spinning machinery continuation melt, have automated to get prompt rise , have turned on the blowing-carding machine and the spun yarn spooling combined machine if the automation opens a bale of cotton and grasps cotton in a row, have combed cottton , have already have realized nobody's working procedure room transport cart between combing , drawing out , low count yarn and spun yarn or have said that the working procedure automation has transported system , the first step has satisfied need of unmanned or few person spinning workshop under hanging a device delivering the semi-finished product to. New model spinning machinery such as besides, rotating the cup spinning machine , the spinning machine of equal rank , rubbing the spinning machine and the jet spinning machine is be expanding by leaps and bounds in the late years , day by day mature.
(2) weaving machinery is had because of the shuttleless loom entering rates latitude height , high grade, high-effect, breed adaptability is broad , noise waits for merit low, already become the main model that all the countries in the world adopts. Besides, computer-aid lines weaves design , many arms of electron and electron jacquard weave device application and dissemination are also to weave the developing trend that the technology modernizes. Knit machinery with the development of knitted fabric , have very big rise in recent years in the field of function , speed and integration of machinery with electronics level, the type controlling the fabric flower adopt PC already commonly. (3)That dyes entire machinery developing trend is to strengthen the realization acquiring entire technological conditions on extensive use electron technology basis , reinforce online detecting in entire procedure of production, autocontrol produces technological conditions further , develop to high grade , high-effect , multifunctional , small bath ratio , energy conservation and decrease social effect of pollution direction. Arranging machinery is that bringing a chemistry into play arranging prepares the characteristic that machinery arranges , is to be superseded mutually , to add to arrange a function sometimes mainly , is to improve the fabric grade , to improve fabric wearability and to satisfy the functional peculiar request , improves the fabric additional value further. (4)Development of chemical fibre is the high value-added products developing the new breed , height mass , multifunctional , simulated sum. That diamars machinery developing trend is to continue developing to high speed , high-effect , high-capacity , short technological process , automation direction in chemical fibre machinery, makes fibre produce the reach the dependable crop , high yield , little person operation , easy to shift a product breed. Machinery prepares a viscose to continuation , automation , high speed , high-capacity , energy conservation stopping contaminating direction developing. Our country chemical fiber machinery is to improve engineering level , needs developing combining with our national condition priority: 1) develops big efficiency acrylic complete sets of equipment. While being completed doing law acrylic complete sets of equipment, wet process acrylic spinning complete sets of equipment developing two footwork further; 2) develops fibre and tiny fibre producing polyester difference-rization , surpasses thin fibrous complete sets of equipment and annual output of 30,000 t ability polyester complete sets of equipment; 3) 6 polymerization developing annual efficiency 5000 ts polyamide fibre , spinning complete sets of equipment; 4) develops the newmodel brocade , polyester industry uses silk complete sets of equipment; The year handles 5) exploitation in the efficiency 20,000 ts viscoses staple front preparing the spinning production line and new model viscose filament yarn equipment. Accelerate enterprise oneself changes its technology , apply the modern fabrication technology and process equipment, have modern enterprise office procedure in hand , can need according to the marketplace, the product making great efforts to develop new spinning and weaving machinery, provides level height in time according with our national condition spinning and weaving machinery , the modernization being our country textile industry better serves.