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走向高考 · 英語(yǔ),路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索,人教版(課標(biāo)卷地區(qū)) · 高考總復(fù)習(xí),基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)聚焦,第一部分,解題策略(一) 語(yǔ)法填空之突破空格類試題,第一部分,純空格類試題其考查的語(yǔ)言項(xiàng)目主要有：行文邏輯、冠詞、連詞、介詞、關(guān)系詞等。首先，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)確定填哪類詞。然后，根據(jù)句子的意思，確定具體填什么詞。具體分析方法有： 要訣1 名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞前設(shè)空，首先考慮限定詞與介詞 【解讀】在純空格類試題中， 如果在名詞前設(shè)空，答案應(yīng)首先考慮限定詞與介詞。限定詞包括冠詞(a, an, the)、物主代詞(my, your, his等)、名詞所有格、不定代詞(no, some, any, one, each, every, either, neither, another, other 等)。,【例句1】What is a good education? ________ question is far from being answered. Once more, colleges and universities are revising their programs: they drop “fun courses” and reestablish some of the traditional subjects neglected since the 1960s. 解析：question為名詞，其前設(shè)空，答案應(yīng)首先考慮限定詞。上文已經(jīng)提及這個(gè)問(wèn)題 “What is a good education？”所以下面要論述的問(wèn)題應(yīng)表示特指，故用定冠詞the。 答案：The,【例句2】His teacher took a deep drink，.thanked his student very much for the sweet water.After the student left, the teacher let ________ student taste the water. 解析：考查代詞。由student 單數(shù)可知前面代詞應(yīng)指一個(gè)人，由上文“After the student left”可知是另一個(gè)學(xué)生。 答案：another,【例句3】Nick replied，“The only reason a man would sell salt 1.________ a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect 2.________ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.” 解析：考查介詞。第一空at a lower price為固定用法，意思是：以較低的價(jià)格。第二空respect for sth.意思是：對(duì)……的尊重。 答案：1.at 2.for,要訣2 及物動(dòng)詞后設(shè)空，首先考慮代詞或名詞 【解讀】如果動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)跟賓語(yǔ)。因此如果在及物動(dòng)詞后設(shè)空，應(yīng)首先考慮代詞，尤其是賓格代詞，以代替上文提到的人或者事物，或結(jié)合語(yǔ)境填入名詞作它的賓語(yǔ)。 【例句1】I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused ________. 解析：及物動(dòng)詞后缺賓語(yǔ)，純空格考慮填入人稱代詞賓格。cause sb. sth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，故答案為her。 答案：her,【例句2】．a(chǎn)lthough her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please ________. 解析：句子缺賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句意，給父親買禮物，根據(jù)常識(shí)應(yīng)是使父親高興，作賓語(yǔ)用代詞賓格。please him/father使他高興。 答案：him,【例句3】When I looked into their eyes, I found they didn't care, which told me it would be useless, but when I looked into ________， I saw kindness. 解析：句中l(wèi)ooked into 后缺賓語(yǔ)， 故填代詞； 根據(jù)前文their eyes 得知此空要填名詞性的物主代詞。 答案：yours,要訣3 平時(shí)注意積累，注意習(xí)慣搭配 【解讀】語(yǔ)法填空中的一些純空格題實(shí)際上考查的是習(xí)慣搭配。解決此類問(wèn)題，考生需要注意平時(shí)積累一些常見的固定搭配和習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，多閱讀地道的英語(yǔ)文章，培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)感，這樣在做題時(shí)就可以游刃有余，又快又好。 【例句】________ view of the rising popularity of 3D films, 80 percent said the growth prospect would be good in the coming 12 months, and 60 percent suggested that 3D technology would offer more business opportunities over the next three years. 解析：in view of “鑒于，考慮到 ” 為固定搭配。 答案： In,要訣4 掌握并列句和主從復(fù)合句的結(jié)構(gòu)。若兩個(gè)句子(有兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu))之間，沒(méi)有句號(hào)或分號(hào)，就必須要有連詞，否則句子結(jié)構(gòu)就不完整。接著通過(guò)判定從句類型來(lái)選擇適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞。 【解讀】(1)如果判定從屬連詞所引導(dǎo)的從句起形容詞的作用，則為定語(yǔ)從句。再根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞和代表先行詞的關(guān)系詞在從句中作什么句子成分，來(lái)確定用何關(guān)系詞，若在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系代詞；若作狀語(yǔ)就用關(guān)系副詞。,(2)如果判定從屬連詞所引導(dǎo)的從句起名詞的作用(作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ))，則為名詞性從句，再根據(jù)名詞性從句的連接詞在從句中的意義和作什么句子成分，來(lái)確定用什么連接詞。 (3)如果判定從屬連詞所引導(dǎo)的從句起副詞的作用，則為狀語(yǔ)從句。再根據(jù)兩句之間的意義和邏輯關(guān)系或連詞在從句中作什么句子成分，來(lái)確定合適的連詞。,【例句1】One day, he came up with an idea ________ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. 解析：that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句， 補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明前面idea 的內(nèi)容。 答案：that,【例句2】In Lanzhou I visited a factory ________ everything was very simple, including its equipment and the director's office, yet the factory turned out quite good products. 解析：這是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句， 先行詞是factory, 在這里它是一個(gè)表示場(chǎng)所的名詞?？崭裉幩枰年P(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，所以用where。 答案：where,【例句3】He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, ________ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher. 解析：因He was very tired.是一個(gè)句子， he felt very happy.也是一個(gè)句子，這兩個(gè)句子之間沒(méi)有連詞，也沒(méi)有分號(hào)或句號(hào)，一定是填連詞；根據(jù)句意和兩句之間邏輯關(guān)系，可知兩句話是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填but。 答案： but,【例句4】We understand this lesson best ________ we receive gifts of love from children. 解析：考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句， 表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，故填when。 答案：when,【例句5】．the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to ________ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house. 解析：who引導(dǎo)從句作介詞as to (關(guān)于)的賓語(yǔ)， 同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。 答案：who,【例句6】Jane paused in front of a counter ________ some attractive ties were on display. 解析：因兩句之間沒(méi)有連詞， 必定是填連詞； 后句應(yīng)該是定語(yǔ)從句， 要填的詞必須代替先行詞counter 同時(shí)又在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)， 故填關(guān)系副詞where. 答案：where,要訣5 若結(jié)構(gòu)較完整，空格后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是原形，特別是與上下文時(shí)態(tài)不一致或主謂不一致時(shí)，很可能是填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或倒裝的助動(dòng)詞(do, does, did等)。 【例句1】What is acceptable in one country ________ be considered extremely rude in another. 解析：句中What is acceptable in one country是主語(yǔ)從句，空格后的be considered是謂語(yǔ)；因其中的be是原形，故空格處必定是填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞does(由語(yǔ)境可知是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù))；由句意及作者的語(yǔ)氣可知，需填表示“可能”的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may。 答案：may,【例句2】He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he ________ bring home a regular salary. 解析：這是一個(gè)由but連接的并列句，由前一分句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞had是一般過(guò)去時(shí)可知，后一分句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞bring也應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；可是，bring卻用的是原形，既與語(yǔ)境的時(shí)態(tài)不符，也與主語(yǔ)he不一致，該句不是倒裝句，因此，此處必定是填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的助動(dòng)詞did；由句意和作者的語(yǔ)氣推測(cè)，應(yīng)當(dāng)填對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的助動(dòng)詞did(的確)。 答案：did,要訣6 由特殊的句式結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)判斷空格應(yīng)填的詞。 (1)由it is.that.強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)形式，判斷填it還是that。 【例句】．a(chǎn)nd __40__ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn't eat MSG (味精)! 解析：由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，應(yīng)填it。 答案：it,(2)由倒裝句式判斷，是填構(gòu)成倒裝的條件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等，還是填do, does, did等。 【例句】 ________ with hard work can you expect to get pay rise. 解析：由can you expect to.可知，這是倒裝句，根據(jù)構(gòu)成倒裝的條件可知，應(yīng)填副詞only，因?yàn)椤皁nly ＋狀語(yǔ)(with hard work)”放在句首，句子要用倒裝。 答案：Only,(3)由it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)的句式判斷，空格處是否填it。如： 【例句1】 .as __32__ took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists. 解析：由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是it takes sb. some time to do sth.句型，本句的不定式to steal paintings是真正的主語(yǔ)，空格處填形式主語(yǔ)it。 答案：it,【例句2】Dating sites also make __36__ easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. 解析：由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，to avoid.是真正的賓語(yǔ)，easy是賓補(bǔ)，空格處應(yīng)填作形式賓語(yǔ)的it。 答案：it (4)so /such.that.句型。如： 【例句】This made the goat so jealous __34__ it began plotting against (謀劃對(duì)付) the donkey. 解析：由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是so.that.句型，應(yīng)填that。 答案：that,