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英語(yǔ),第38講 完形填空,Think before we speak! It was a sunny and enjoyable day. Everyone in the __1__station was waiting for the train to arrive. Among the crowd, there was a group of young friends who were on board for vacation. It was a __2__ station with a lot of people and some juice shops, coffee and tea stalls, newspaper shops, etc. The train was arriving and everyone prepared to __3__ the train to their seats. The group of friends made loud noise to __4__ the train as it moved into the station. They ran to get their seats __5__ anyone entered the train. The empty seats were __6__ and the train whistled (鳴汽笛) to move. An old man with a young boy aged around 15 had their seats just next to the friends' group. The young boy was so __7__ to see everything. He cheered，“Dad, the train is moving and the things are moving backward.”,His father __8__and nodded his head. As the train started moving fast, the young boy again screamed (尖叫) , “Dad, the __9__are green in color and run backward very fast. ”His father said，“ Yes, dear，”and smiled. Just like a kid, he was watching everything with great __10__． A fruit seller passed selling apples, bananas and oranges. The young boy asked his dad, “I want to eat __11__.” His father bought some for him. He said, “Oh, this apple looks a lot sweeter than it tastes. I love this color.” The group was watching all the __12__of this boy and asked the boy's father，“Is your son having any problem? Why is he behaving so __13__？”,“His son is mad, I think，” a friend from the group made fun of him and shouted. The father of the young boy, with patience, __14__the friends' group, “My son was born __15__. Only a few days ago he was operated. He is seeing different things in his life for the first time. ” The young friends became very quiet.,( )1.A.railway B．bus C．police D．television ( )2.A.dark B．silent C．busy D．lonely ( )3.A.get off B．get down C．get out D．get into ( )4.A.break B．welcome C．push D．leave ( )5.A.after B．until C．before D．a(chǎn)s ( )6.A.washed B．moved C．filled D．carried ( )7.A.surprised B．a(chǎn)fraid C．sorry D．proud,A,C,D,B,C,C,A,( )8.A.shouted B．smiled C．cried D．refused ( )9.A.skies B．trees C．rivers D．houses ( )10.A.interest B．doubt C．courage D．sadness ( )11.A.apples B．bananas C．oranges D．strawberries ( )12.A.fruits B．words C．clothes D．a(chǎn)ctivities ( )13.A.happily B．differently C．quietly D．quickly ( )14.A.quarreled with B．waited for C．replied to D．pointed at ( )15.A.normal B．deaf C．mad D．blind,B,B,A,A,D,B,C,D,?“完形填空”題是一種旨在考查學(xué)生語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用能力的典型題型。它結(jié)合了單項(xiàng)選擇題和短文填空的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，既考查了詞語(yǔ)搭配、近義詞辨析、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、復(fù)合句的關(guān)聯(lián)和習(xí)慣用法等，又考查了邏輯推理和事理推斷能力。同學(xué)們只有具備了扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言基本功、較好的閱讀能力及歸納判斷能力，才能適應(yīng)這一題型。 (一)“完形填空”題要求填入的詞： 1．語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)所要求的功能詞。如：連接詞、連接代詞、連接副詞、關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞等。 2．具有語(yǔ)法變化的普通詞。如：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣，名詞的數(shù)，代詞的格，形容詞和副詞的等級(jí)等。 3．固定搭配短語(yǔ)或詞組中的特定詞。 4．同義詞、近義詞等易混淆詞。 5．根據(jù)上下文意思及結(jié)構(gòu)必須填入的確定詞。 (二)“完形填空”題解題策略：,1．解題前要通讀全文，領(lǐng)悟大意。 完形填空常以文章或段落的形式出現(xiàn)，因此，通讀全文，把握文章整體大意尤為重要。很多同學(xué)為了省時(shí)間，只看選項(xiàng)，不看文章。不看上下文，不尋找文章中句子與句子的關(guān)系，結(jié)果做出來(lái)的答案往往是錯(cuò)誤的。 2．解題時(shí)要全面考慮，確定選項(xiàng)。 完形填空有些答案的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)從詞匯搭配、語(yǔ)法和句子結(jié)構(gòu)等角度考慮均行得通，但由于文章是一個(gè)完整的統(tǒng)一體，詞、句、段三者存在著內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，因此考生還要從上下文中尋找有關(guān)的信息，對(duì)文章的情節(jié)進(jìn)行邏輯推理，抓住含有關(guān)鍵信息的詞語(yǔ)，理順句子之間的關(guān)系，從而確定正確的答案。其具體做法有： ?重視首句，尋求信息 完形填空本是一篇?dú)埲钡奈恼拢粝率拙淇梢詭椭忌私馕恼碌闹黝}，可以了解短文的概貌與作者的意圖。要充分利用首句的標(biāo)示作用，利用它為解題找到一個(gè)突破口，從而展開(kāi)思維。,【例1】 At my primary school，I was one of the smartest kids there.I never ________，but always got near prefect scores on all my tests.(2016，廈門(mén)，29) A．forgot B．studied C．regretted 解析：首句句意為“在上小學(xué)時(shí)，我是最聰明的孩子之一?！庇纱丝芍?，下句應(yīng)為“我從不學(xué)習(xí)，但在考試中幾乎都得滿(mǎn)分?！惫蔅項(xiàng)正確。,B,Ms. Tu went through about 40 failures before she succeeded.But she never __2__ and always fought on.(2016，達(dá)州，40) ( )2.A.ate up B．gave up C．took up D．made up,B,?巧用平行結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷邏輯 平行結(jié)構(gòu)指的是結(jié)構(gòu)相同或相似、意思密切關(guān)聯(lián)、語(yǔ)氣一致的句子或短語(yǔ)組成串排列的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象。平行結(jié)構(gòu)形式上整齊勻稱(chēng)，內(nèi)容上聯(lián)系緊密。命題者常從平行結(jié)構(gòu)的句式相同或相似這一角度，利用其意義上的關(guān)聯(lián)和對(duì)比這一特點(diǎn)來(lái)設(shè)題。了解這一點(diǎn)可大大提高解題效率。 【例3】All the family members were ________ and helpful，and they made me feel at home at once.(2016，隨州，51) A．serious B．friendly C．famous D．expensive 解析：該題中第一個(gè)and連接兩個(gè)形容詞，與helpful構(gòu)成平行結(jié)構(gòu)的單詞應(yīng)為friendly。句意為“所有的家庭成員都友善且樂(lè)于助人。他們馬上讓我覺(jué)得如身處家中?！惫蔅項(xiàng)正確。,B,Finally，I stopped in the air.I spread my arms wide，laughing loudly and __3__．The workers pulled me up，smiling at me.(2015，長(zhǎng)沙，40) ( )3.A.sadly B．a(chǎn)ngrily C．proudly I was so thankful that she no longer had aches and __4__．(2015，寧波，27) ( )4.A.gifts B．pains C．dialogs D．mistakes,C,B,?結(jié)合常識(shí)，明辨真?zhèn)?結(jié)合各類(lèi)生活常識(shí)和科學(xué)常識(shí)，選擇出正確且符合邏輯的選擇。對(duì)于這類(lèi)題，考生平時(shí)要做生活中的有心人，留心各種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，積累豐富的生活知識(shí)。 【例4】 We can't force life to follow our wishes.The earth won't ________ turning whether we accept it or not. A．stop B．keep C．start 解析：句意為“我們不能強(qiáng)迫生活遵循我們的愿望。無(wú)論我們是否接受，地球都不會(huì)停止轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)?！惫蔄項(xiàng)正確。,A,It read “Dear Marie，I love you always.Miss you a lot.Don't forget me.Be __5__！Love，Mom.” That day，I cried.(2015，寧波，30) ( )5.A.serious B．happy C．patient D．strict,B,?熟練語(yǔ)法和固定搭配，輕松解題 對(duì)語(yǔ)法、固定搭配等基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的考查也是完形填空的命題角度之一。對(duì)于這種題，考生除了要注意平時(shí)的積累外，還要針對(duì)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)、句式特點(diǎn)、短文設(shè)空中需填的詞在句中作什么成分、哪類(lèi)詞適合、應(yīng)采取什么形式等進(jìn)行分析，從而解決問(wèn)題。 【例5】A month after he was born，his mother noticed that his eyes weren't as ________ as a normal baby's.(2016，孝感，36) A．big B．bigger C．biggest D．the biggest 解析：考查形容詞的等級(jí)及用法。此處是“as＋adj./adv.＋as.”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“和……一樣”，其中adj.和adv.都用原級(jí)。故A項(xiàng)正確。,A,Last week，students at Rosie Bridge School worked hard to make their English Week very successful. There __6__ a lot of activities including an English book fair in the library and a treasure hunt.(2015，沈陽(yáng)，16) ( )6.A.are B．were C．is D．was,B,?多方推斷，尋求線(xiàn)索 完形填空所提供的是一篇具有完整意義的短文，其段與段、句與句、甚至詞與詞之間都有不可分割的、千絲萬(wàn)縷的聯(lián)系。因此考生在做題時(shí)不要只注意設(shè)空處所在的短句子或段落，還要善于從上下文中尋找相關(guān)的提示信息?？忌衫谜蛲茢喾?、逆向推斷法和正逆向聯(lián)合推斷法尋找相關(guān)信息。 ·正向推斷法要求考生利用已知信息推斷下文未知信息，當(dāng)然這里所指的信息包括設(shè)空處近處或遠(yuǎn)處的信息?？忌鷳?yīng)認(rèn)真閱讀并分析上下文內(nèi)容，弄清事實(shí)，并思考下文的發(fā)展方向，從而推斷下文的未知信息。 ·逆向推斷法要求考生利用下文已知信息反向推斷上文未知信息。當(dāng)利用上文已知信息無(wú)法準(zhǔn)確推斷下文未知信息時(shí)，不能著急，應(yīng)沉著冷靜地閱讀下文，看下文哪些事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)是上文未知信息的延伸和發(fā)展，并由此推斷出空格處的未知信息。 ·在有些情況下，空格處未知信息既不能單獨(dú)由上文已知信息正向推斷而出，也不能單獨(dú)由下文反向推斷而出，而需要考生利用其上下文已知信息聯(lián)合推斷而出?？忌鷳?yīng)認(rèn)真閱讀并分析上下文，看哪些細(xì)節(jié)或事實(shí)與空格處有聯(lián)系，并由此推斷出空格處的未知信息。,?正向推斷法 【例6】 As children they were never bored because there was always ________ to do on the farm.(2016，綿陽(yáng)，22) A．nothing B．everything C．something D．a(chǎn)nything 解析：由句中“they were never bored”可知，因?yàn)樵谵r(nóng)場(chǎng)總有一些事可做。故C項(xiàng)正確。,C,The fire burnt Noah's neck，arms and faces.As a result，he was __7__ for a month.(2016，綿陽(yáng)，33) ( )7.A.on vacation B．a(chǎn)t home C．in hospital D．a(chǎn)t work It seemed that the storm meant nothing to her.She sat on her seat reading a book.Sometimes she closed her eyes，then she would read again，with no __8__ or fear in her eyes.(2015，河南，40) ( )8.A.pride B．worry C．a(chǎn)nger D．regret,C,B,?逆向推斷法 【例7】 It was a sunny and enjoyable day.Everyone in the ________ station was waiting for the train to arrive.(2016，寧波，16) A．railway B．bus C．police D．television 解析：由下文中“waiting for the train to arrive”可知大家都在火車(chē)站。故A項(xiàng)正確。,A,It was a Sunday morning，and I was in a __9__ mood (情緒)．Two of my friends had gone to the movies the night before and didn't invite me.(2015，山西，31) ( )9.A.good B．terrible C．peaceful He raised a glass of water and asked them，“How __10__ do you think this glass of water is？”．Their answers are different，from 20g to 500g.(2015，河北，41) ( )10.A.heavy B．full C．much D．long,B,A,?正逆向聯(lián)合推斷法 【例8】 Just then a young man jumped out of a car and asked if I was Jenny.Then we ________ to the bungee jumping place.I was amazed by the sights along the road through the window of the car.(2015，長(zhǎng)沙，34) A．walked B．ran C．drove 解析：由上句中的“out of a car”以及下句“I was amazed by the sights along the road through the window of the car.(透過(guò)車(chē)窗，我被路邊的景色驚呆了)”可知，我們是開(kāi)車(chē)去的。故C項(xiàng)正確。,C,A man feared his wife wasn't hearing as well as she used to and he thought she might need some hearing aid (助聽(tīng))．Not quite sure how to __11__ her，he called the family doctor to discuss the problem.(2016，河南，36) ( )11.A.save B．help C．face D．guide Do you ever watch old movies？Maybe you will see one with Carole Lombard.She was a famous __12__ in the 1930s.She died when she was only 34.In her short life she made 70 movies.(2015，天津，41) ( )12.A.nurse B．a(chǎn)ctress C．doctor D．teacher,B,B,?復(fù)讀全文，檢驗(yàn)答案 把填充后的短文反復(fù)閱讀一兩遍，逐一檢查、校對(duì)所選答案是否符合短文中心思想及上下文要求，并確保沒(méi)有不符合語(yǔ)言規(guī)范、不符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的選項(xiàng)。 很多同學(xué)做完形填空題存在一個(gè)誤區(qū)，把很多的時(shí)間放到四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的比較上，這會(huì)降低解題效率。正確做法應(yīng)是： ①順藤摸瓜，首先是藤，你拿到文章之后要重點(diǎn)讀第一句。 ②瞻前顧后，在文章空格的上下文處，你覺(jué)得這個(gè)地方需要什么詞，帶著這個(gè)目的在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)里找。 ③顧全大局，做一道題時(shí)應(yīng)該在段落里面理解一句話(huà)。 ④認(rèn)清細(xì)節(jié)，比如考固定搭配的題。 總之要想成功突破完形填空必須做到：研讀首尾，抓主題；上下聯(lián)系，尋信息；左顧右盼，找搭配；思前想后，覓邏輯；語(yǔ)境分析，辨詞義；回讀檢查，補(bǔ)漏洞。,