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專題十三 復(fù)合句,山西專用,考點(diǎn)一 賓語(yǔ)從句 1．連接詞 ①that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略；作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不能省略； ②what，when，where，how，whatever，whenever，wherever，who，whom，whose等特殊疑問(wèn)詞作連接詞； ③當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句由一般疑問(wèn)句變化而來(lái)時(shí)，連接詞用whether或if，表示“是否”。如： Could you tell me if/whether it snows in winter in Australia？你能告訴我澳大利亞冬天下雪嗎？ Please tell me how you go to school.請(qǐng)告訴我你是怎么去學(xué)校的。,2．語(yǔ)序 從句一律用陳述語(yǔ)序，即“主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)＋其他” 如： Do you know where Tom lives？你知道湯姆住哪兒?jiǎn)幔?3．時(shí)態(tài) ①主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)； ②主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句使用過(guò)去時(shí)的某種形式； ③從句表示的是客觀事實(shí)，真理、自然現(xiàn)象等時(shí)，不管主句使用什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如： I hear Joe left for Beijing yesterday.我聽說(shuō)喬昨天去北京了。 I hear Joe will leave for Beijing next week.我聽說(shuō)喬下周要去北京。 Kate said she was watching TV this time yesterday.凱特說(shuō)昨天這個(gè)時(shí)間她正在看電視。 Kate said she was going to school soon.凱特說(shuō)她馬上要去學(xué)校。 Miss Hu said that the earth goes around the sun.胡老師說(shuō)地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。,4．復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 在think，find，make等接有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞之后，為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正作賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之后，即用“及物動(dòng)詞＋it＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)。如： I think it important that we should learn swimming well.我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該學(xué)好游泳，這是很重要的。 He finds it so easy to solve maths problems.他發(fā)現(xiàn)解答數(shù)學(xué)題很容易。,【注意】 ?否定前移。如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think，guess，believe等動(dòng)詞且接有否定的that賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常將否定詞提前到主句中。如： I don't think that Alice is an American.我認(rèn)為愛麗絲不是美國(guó)人。 I don't believe that you can come on time.我認(rèn)為你不會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)。 ?“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中的疑問(wèn)詞，包括疑問(wèn)代詞what，which和疑問(wèn)副詞how，when，where等。這些疑問(wèn)詞和不定式一起構(gòu)成了不定式短語(yǔ)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)可在句子中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。如： I really don't know what to write about.我真的不知道寫什么。 I asked him how to learn English well.我問(wèn)他怎樣學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。 ?在介詞之后，動(dòng)詞不定式之前或在or之前，只用whether，不用if。如： I can't decide whether to buy this bike or not.我不能決定是否買這輛自行車。,1．—Could you tell me ______？ —This way，please. A．where are the special shoes B．where the special shoes are C．where will be the special shoes 2．The teacher asked the students _____． A．Why the earth went around the sun B．Why does the earth go around the sun C．why the earth goes around the sun 3．—Do you know _____？ —For a month. A．How long will she be away B．How long she will be away C．How long would she be away,B,C,B,4．Don't worry.We are thinking about ______． A．what should we do next B．if we should do that C．that we should do 5．—Could you please tell me ______？ —They are over there. A．what to do B．how to do C．where to do,B,C,6．—I don't know ______ next. —You'd better finish your homework first. A．what to do B．how to do C．when to do 7．Tom asked whether ______ after he finished his project. A．can he go to the cinema B．he can go to the cinema C．he could go to the cinema 8．—Could yo tell me _____？ —I'm not sure.Maybe next week. A．when he came here B．when he will come C．how long he will live here,A,C,B,考點(diǎn)二 定語(yǔ)從句 定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞,1．下列情況先行詞指物時(shí)，只能用that，不能用which： ①當(dāng)先行詞是all，little，much，none，everything，anything，nothing等不定代詞時(shí)，如： Tom told his mother all that had happened.湯姆把事情的全部情況告訴了他的媽媽。 ②當(dāng)先行詞前面有the only，the very，the last等修飾時(shí)，如： This is the only book that I can find.這就是我能找到的唯一一本書。 ③當(dāng)序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾先行詞時(shí)，如： This is the best book that I have ever read.這是我讀過(guò)的最好的一本書。,④當(dāng)先行詞前面有only，all，any，no等修飾時(shí)，如： I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.我想把魯迅的著作全部讀完。 ⑤當(dāng)先行詞前面既有人又有物時(shí)，如： I still remember the college and the teachers that I visited in London many years ago.我仍然記得許多前在倫敦參觀過(guò)的大學(xué)和拜訪過(guò)的老師。,2．關(guān)系代詞的省略 ①一般情況下，關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略，但關(guān)系代詞which，whom在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)并且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，不能省略。如： I'll never forget the day on which I joined the club.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記加入俱樂部的那一天。 ②that，which，who在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能省略。如： Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher？正在和我們老師談話的那個(gè)男孩是誰(shuí)？,3．關(guān)系副詞的用法 ①when表示時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如： I still remember the year when you graduated from No.8 Middle School.我依然記得你從八中畢業(yè)的那一年。 ②why表示原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，其先行詞常是reason。如： We don't know the reason why he was late for school.我們不知道他為什么上學(xué)遲到。 ③where表示地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。如： That is the school where I studied three years ago.那是我三年前就讀的學(xué)校。,【方法突破】 初中階段對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的考查主要是先行詞的運(yùn)用。首先可以把先行詞還原到從句中。其次是在選擇關(guān)系詞時(shí)，先確定先行詞是指人還是指物，再看先行詞在從句中作何種成分，從而做出正確的判斷。如： I had an experience with a young man people were always making fun of. 【答案】who/whom 【解析】本句是定語(yǔ)從句，缺少引導(dǎo)詞，man是先行詞且在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，故用who或whom來(lái)引導(dǎo)，故填who/whom。,1．I'll remember the old buildings _______I visited in the village. A．where B．which C．who 2．A friend is someone _____says，“what! You too? I thought I was the only one！” A．who B．which C．what 3．Ma Yun is now a boss of a famous company，for ___life was once very hard. A．whose B．which C．whom 4．This is the book _____ tells many English stories. A．what B．which C．who 5．—What are you looking for? —I'm looking for the watch _____ I bought yesterday. A．which B．who C．whose,B,A,C,B,A,6．—Do you know the little boy _____is helping the old man cross the road? —No.But how nice he is! A．which B．who C．whom 7．Doraemon is a lovely robot cat ____plays an important role in the 3-D film Stand By Me Doramon. A．who B．whose C．whom 8．The Gay Genius is the book _____I like to read every day. A．that B．who C．what,B,A,A,考點(diǎn)三 狀語(yǔ)從句(其具體的用法詳見專題六連詞) 1．引導(dǎo)詞,2.主句與從句的時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題 ①若主句是祈使句，或主句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，那么從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。如： Be careful when you cross the road.當(dāng)你過(guò)馬路時(shí)要小心。 ②“主將從現(xiàn)”原則，即主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。常見的使用“主將從現(xiàn)”原則的連詞有：表示時(shí)間的when，while，after，before，until，till，whenever，as soon as，once等；表示條件的if，unless，so/as long as，in case等。如： He will write to me as soon as he gets to America.他一到美國(guó)就會(huì)給我寫信。,3．賓語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)從句的易混點(diǎn) if和when既能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，也能引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。 ①if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)(意為“是否”)，其時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)和主句時(shí)態(tài)相呼應(yīng)；引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)(意為“如果”)，若主句是將來(lái)時(shí)，則從句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(即“主將從現(xiàn)”)。 ②when引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)(意為“何時(shí)”)，其時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)和主句時(shí)態(tài)相呼應(yīng)；引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)(意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”)，若主句是將來(lái)時(shí)，則從句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(即“主將從現(xiàn)”)。,1．She says that she'll have to close the shop ______business improves. A．if B．or C．unless 2．—What are you doing this weekend? —We are going hiking if it ______． A．will rain B．doesn't rain C．rains 3．—The boy can speak both English and Japanese ______he is only ten. —Wow，what a clever boy! A．if B．because C．a(chǎn)lthough 4．When you ______at a restaurant，please order just enough food. A．a(chǎn)te B．will eat C．eat 5．Li Na is _____famous all the tennis fans in China know her. A．too；to B．enough；to C．so；that,C,B,C,C,C,