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牛津高中英語,,(模塊六 ·高二上學期),Advance with English,Grammar & Usage,Unit,2,Overview: infinitive, verb-ed and verb-ing(II),Unit 2,Descriptions,Help to review infinitive, verb-ed and verb-ing used as adverbials. Put the three non-finite verbs into practice in a certain situation.,表語,主語,賓語,,不定式,賓語補足語,定語,狀語,,to do as an adv. 不定式作狀語，表示目的、 結果、原因、條件等。,,,(2005年遼寧卷22題) All these gifts must be mailed immediately _____ in time for Christmas. in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving,,Tip 1: so as to (不能放句首), to, in order to作目的狀語可以放在句首或句中。,He hurried to the station only ___ that the train had gone. A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found,,Tip 2: 在so … as to, such … as to, only to … 結構中不定式作結果狀語，其中only to … 用于表示意想不到的結果。,Tip 3 : enough to, too … to結構,,The boy isn’t old enough to go to school. =The boy is too young to go to school.,,,I’m glad to meet you.,Tip 4:形容詞（glad, happy, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever等）+ 不定式結構作原因狀語。,表語,,現在分詞,賓語補足語,定語,狀語,,作狀語 現在分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語相同；如果不相同，分詞前必須加上自己的主語，這種結構被稱為獨立主格結構。 Time permitting,I will stay for another week. =If time permits,I will stay for another week.,1. 作伴隨狀語,動詞stand,sit和lie加現在分詞作伴隨狀語，表示兩個動作同時發(fā)生。 We sat there talking to each other. The poor man sat by the road, begging.,2. 作方式狀語，表示方式。 Americans like travelling, driving their cars. They often communicate with each other, using English.,,,3. 作時間狀語，相當于狀語從句。,現在分詞可表示動作同時發(fā)生或進行，而現在分詞的完成時可表示動作的先后順序，表示它發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞表示的動作之前。 Seeing the big snake, the girl was almost frightened to death. =When she saw the big snake, the girl was almost frightened to death.,Having waited in the line for half an hour, he suddenly realized that he left his wallet at home. =After he waited in the line for half an hour, he suddenly realized that he left his wallet at home. 有時表示時間的分詞短語可由連接詞when, while, once, until, whenever等引出。 While reading the novel, he nodded from time to time.,4. 作原因狀語，相當于原因狀語從句,Being a student, I must work hard. =Because I am a student, I must work hard. Not knowing what to do next, he turned to the teacher for help. =Because he didn’t know what to do next, he turned to the teacher for help.,5. 作結果狀語 Both his parents died in the war, leaving him alone in the world. The fish can eat a person in two minutes, leaving only the bones.,6. 作條件狀語,Working hard,you will succeed one day. =If you work hard,you will succeed one day. Putting more salt into the soup, you will find it more delicious.,表語,,過去分詞,賓語補足語,定語,狀語,,過去分詞作狀語,1. 時間狀語,Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.,,When the park is seen from the hill, it looks very beautiful.,When completed, the museum will be open to the public.,,When it is completed, the museum will be open to the public.,Once seen, it can never be forgotten.,,Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.,2. 原因狀語,Frightened by the thunder and lightning in the night, the girl did not dare sleep alone in her own room.,,Because she was frightened by the thunder and lightning in the night, the girl did not dare sleep alone in her own room.,Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.,,Because he was lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.,3.條件狀語,Given more time, we could do it much better.,,If we were given more time, we could do it much better.,Unless invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.,,Unless you are invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.,Compared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker.,(=If she was compared with other professors.),Practice,1. A railway station is no place for a child _____ alone at night. A. leave B. leaving C. to be leaving D. to be left,2. We were warned _____ the fish which might give us a slight stomach upset. A. not to eat B. not eating C. to eat not D. eating not,3. _ themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories. A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. To have kept,4. _____ these children _____ what you want is a science I can tell you! A. Getting; done B. Get; done C. To get; to do D. Getting; to do,5. When you're learning to drive，__ a good teacher makes a big difference. A. have B. having C. and have D. and having,,,,,,6. A few days after the interview， I received a letter ___ me the job. A. offered B. offering C. to be offering D. having offered,7. The plane crashed，_____ all 200 people aboard. A. killed B. having killed C. killing D. had killed,8. He was always the first _____ and the last _____ the office. A. to come, to leave B. coming, leaving C. to come, left D. coming, left 9. Robert is said _____ one of my classmates the other day， but I don’t know who she is. A. to marry B. to have married C. to be marrying D. being married,10. With everything she needed____, she left the shop. A. buying B. to buy C. bought D. to be bought,,,,,,