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Unit,3,Grammar and usage,Auxiliary verb,Unit 3,本節(jié)課目標：,,What are auxiliary verbs?,doesn’t,Auxiliary verbs,is,has got,was,Do,Did,Do,did,be（am/is/are/was/were/been） do（does/did） have（has/had ） modals（shall/should/will/would/can/ could/may/might/must/need/dare ） A phrasal auxiliary verb（have (got) to, had better/would sooner/rather ( … than)/cannot (help) but/be (not) to/be supposed to/ought to/used to/be about to/be able to）,,Auxiliary verbs,The small animals are kept in the cages. He is giving a lecture. The Internet has too much information that has not been evaluated for accuracy. Your house is bigger and nicer than mine. I am to go abroad on business tomorrow.,1. be（am/is/are/was/were/been）,,Auxiliary verbs,Tip: be作為本動詞表示狀態(tài)或客觀存在等意思。 be +不定詞連用, 表示約定、義務(wù)、命令等未來的動作或狀態(tài)。 be +現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成各種進行時態(tài)。 be +過去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。 be用于have/has/had后構(gòu)成完成時。,1. be（am/is/are/was/were/been）,He didn’t find any useful information on the Internet. These kinds of errors do not occur as often when people use traditional reference materials. Then, why does he come here? You do know a lot about computers. Never did I see such a strange man.,2. do（does/did）,,Auxiliary verbs,Tip: do作為助動詞時的時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化有do, does, did三種形式。 do+主詞+原形動詞構(gòu)成疑問句。 do+not+原形動詞構(gòu)成否定句。 do (+not)+主詞用于附帶問句。 do +原形動詞用于加強語氣句。 Never (Only) 等+do+主詞+原形動詞用于倒裝句。,2. do（does/did）,,Auxiliary verbs,I have never seen such a strange man. Can I have my hair cut now? I often have my assistant help me do it.,3. have（has/had）,Tip: 助動詞have+過去分詞構(gòu)成完成時態(tài)。 have +受詞+過去分詞表示請或讓別人做某事。 have +受詞+原形不定詞表示請或讓某人做某事。,,4. modals（shall/should/will/would/can/ could/may/might/must/need/dare）,Auxiliary verbs,,Ok, I shall do what you said. I shall never do such a thing. You shall give me a cigarette, or I shall tell the boss. Where shall I meet you?,,,Auxiliary verbs,,Will you give me a cigarette? This will be what you need. She would stand there sleeping for hours. Ok, I will do it.,,4. modals（shall/should/will/would/can/ could/may/might/must/need/dare）,Auxiliary verbs,,Can I help you, sir? I am checking out. Could you give me the bill? Of course we can wait. Could it be the charge for the fruit? I can't help thinking of it.,,4. modals（shall/should/will/would/can/ could/may/might/must/need/dare） Must I go with you? No, you needn't. You mustn't forget your medical card. Oh, it is wet outside. It must have rained yesterday. So it must be slippery outside. Do be careful! You needn't have told me that much.,Auxiliary verbs,,,,4. modals（shall/should/will/would/can/ could/may/might/must/need/dare）,Auxiliary verbs,,I dare not say it is ugly. How dare you say so?,,4. modals（shall/should/will/would/can/ could/may/might/must/need/dare）,Auxiliary verbs,Tip: shall表示發(fā)言者的意志,包括諾言、決心、強制等; shall用于詢問對方的意向。 should表示義務(wù)，責任等。 will用于第二人稱疑問句中,詢問對方意志或請求。will+原形動詞用于所有人稱,表意愿。would +原形動詞表示過去一段時間的習慣。,,4. modals（shall/should/will/would/can/ could/may/might/must/need/dare）,Auxiliary verbs,Tip: 4） can, could在口語中相當于may, might,表示許可。can, could 表示能力,相當于be able to。can, could表示懷疑、推測,一般用于疑問句或否定句。can, could用于慣用語。can’t help或couldn’t help+動名詞表示不得不、忍不住。,,4. modals（shall/should/will/would/can/ could/may/might/must/need/dare）,Auxiliary verbs,Tip: 5) must表示必須、義務(wù)等,強調(diào)主觀因素, have to, 強調(diào)客觀因素。 need可以對must引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句作否定回答。 must的否定式表示不準,禁止等意思。must+have+過去分詞表示對過去情況的推斷。must+原形動詞表示對現(xiàn)在情況的推斷。 needn't+have+過去分詞表示過去不必做卻已經(jīng)做了的事。,,4. modals（shall/should/will/would/can/ could/may/might/must/need/dare）,Auxiliary verbs,Tip: 6) dare作為情態(tài)助動詞，一般只能用于疑問句或否定句中。,,5. A phrasal auxiliary verb（have (got) to, had better/would sooner/rather (… than)/cannot (help) but/be (not) to/be supposed to/ought to/used to/be about to/be able to）,Auxiliary verbs,,5. A phrasal auxiliary verb,Auxiliary verbs,It’s getting late. I’ve (got) to go now. You don’t have to take off your shoes. Many countries would rather be cautious with this new technology. The tickets had been sold out, so I could not (help) but go back home. The children are supposed to be at school before 8 a.m.,,5. A phrasal auxiliary verb,Auxiliary verbs,I used to love cats but not now, because I was once attacked by a big black cat. He didn’t use to smoke when he was younger. Did he use to come as often as he does now?,Answers to Part A (p41),1. have 2. haven’t 3. don’t 4. didn’t 5. was 6. did 7. did 8. didn’t 9. wouldn’t have 10. will,Answers to Part B (p41),1. was about to 2. used to 3. wasn’t able to 4. was supposed to 5. could not help but 6. would rather,1. Review what we have learned in class. 2. Go over the exercises in class. 3. Finish the workbook exercises (P120).,Homework,