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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞試題的實(shí)用技巧 技巧一 用作目的狀語(yǔ)，原則上要用不定式 1. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there ______ for a space flight. (xx江西卷) A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained 【解析】答案選D。由于被訓(xùn)練進(jìn)行航空飛行是他被派往那兒的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除A和B。另外，由于“他”與“訓(xùn)練”之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選D。 2. ______ this cake, you’ll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. (xx廣東卷) A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making 【解析】答案選C。由于是表示目的，故要用不定式，句意為：為了要做這塊蛋糕，你需要2只雞蛋、175克糖和175克面粉。 技巧二 用于名詞后作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的原則是：用不定式，表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生；用現(xiàn)在分詞，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；用過(guò)去分詞，表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，同時(shí)表示被動(dòng)意義 1. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _______ in Beijing in xx. (xx四川卷) A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held 【解析】答案選D。由于xx年奧運(yùn)會(huì)尚未舉行，故要用不定式。 2. There are hundreds of visitors ______ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Gogh’s paintings. (xx上海卷) A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait 【解析】答案選C。由于表示“正在等”，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。 3. “Things ______ never e again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself. (xx湖南卷) A. lost B. losing C. to lost D. have lost 【解析】答案選A。因things與動(dòng)詞lose之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。 注：受the first, the second…the last修飾的名詞或代詞后原則上要用不定式作定語(yǔ)。如： —The last one ______ pays the meal. —Agreed! (xx全國(guó)I) A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving 【解析】答案選C。因?yàn)樵趖he first, the second, the third, …, the last等結(jié)構(gòu)后習(xí)慣上要接不定式作定語(yǔ)，又如：I’d be the first to admit I might be wrong. 我愿第一個(gè)承認(rèn)我可能錯(cuò)了。You are the second to make that mistake. 你是第二個(gè)犯這錯(cuò)誤的人。 技巧三 用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，原則上要用現(xiàn)在分詞 1. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not ______, and asked myself what I was going to do. (xx湖南卷) A. moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved 【解析】答案選B。由于與句子主語(yǔ)I之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示當(dāng)時(shí)持續(xù)了一會(huì)兒，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。句意為：當(dāng)信號(hào)燈變綠時(shí)，我站在那兒一會(huì)兒沒(méi)動(dòng)，心想自己該怎么辦。 2. Peter received a letter just now ______ his grandma would e to see him soon. (xx四川卷) A. said B. says C. saying D. to say 【解析】答案選C。此處用現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨，又如：A card came yesterday saying Sue will arrive tomorrow. 昨天收到的明信片上說(shuō)，休明天到。Alan received a telegram saying his father was ill. 埃倫收到一封電報(bào)，說(shuō)是他父親生病了。 3. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always ______ the same thing. (xx江蘇卷) A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said 【解析】答案選A?，F(xiàn)在分詞saying在此表示伴隨。 4. We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, ______ that all children like these things. (xx全國(guó)III) A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought 【解析】答案選A?，F(xiàn)在分詞thinking在此表示伴隨。 技巧四 用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式，其原則區(qū)別是：一般要用現(xiàn)在分詞，不定式用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)主要用于某些特定句式中 1. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, _____ in the natural light during the day. (xx天津卷) A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let 【解析】答案選B。此處用現(xiàn)在分詞表示結(jié)果。又如：It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that place. 大雨滂沱，造成了那個(gè)地方洪水泛濫。 2. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _____ a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. (xx山東卷) A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching 【解析】答案選B。伴隨著謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自然結(jié)果，用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。 注：在enough to do sth, too…to do sth, only to do sth等特定句式中，習(xí)慣上要用不定式表示結(jié)果。如： 1. He hurried to the booking office only ______ that all the tickets had been sold out. (xx陜西卷) A. to tell???????????????? B. to be told???????????? C. telling D. told 【解析】答案選B。only to do sth在此表示出人意料的結(jié)果。 2. He hurried to the station only ______ that the train had left. (xx廣東卷) A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found 【解析】答案選A。only to do sth在此表示出人意料的結(jié)果。 技巧五 凡是含有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，原則上要用過(guò)去分詞。但是，如果所涉及的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動(dòng)式；如果所涉及的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，則用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式 1. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ______. (xx浙江卷) A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard 【解析】答案選A。根據(jù)句意，此處指的是“被聽(tīng)見(jiàn)”，故要用被動(dòng)式，因此可排除B和C。另外，由于“設(shè)法被聽(tīng)見(jiàn)”為目的狀語(yǔ)，動(dòng)作在當(dāng)時(shí)尚未發(fā)生，故用不定式，即選A。 2.The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well _____. (xx湖北卷) A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending 【解析】答案選B。由于money與spend之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。 3. Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title ______ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. (xx山東卷) A. being given B. is given C. given D. was given 【解析】答案選C。由于title與give之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。 技巧六 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)原則上應(yīng)與主句主語(yǔ)保持一致 1. Faced with a bill for $10, 000, ______. (xx陜西卷) A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given john an extra job C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John 【解析】答案選A。由于(be) faced with的邏輯主語(yǔ)是John，故答案只能選A。 2. While watching television, _____. (xx全國(guó)卷III) A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings 【解析】答案選C。因?yàn)閣atching的邏輯主語(yǔ)一定是we，排除選項(xiàng)A和B；又因在hear后作賓補(bǔ)的是省略了to的不定式，所以選項(xiàng)D中的rings是錯(cuò)誤的。 技巧七 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，原則上要用完成式（根據(jù)情況可用不定式的完成式或現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式） 1. _____from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. (xx湖北卷) A. Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated 【解析】答案選C。因?yàn)锳ustralia與separate是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且separate發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞has之前，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式作原因狀語(yǔ)。 2. The manager, _____ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room. (xx江西卷) A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making 【解析】答案選B。因?yàn)門(mén)he manager與make是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且make發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)left之前，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作狀語(yǔ)，having made…相當(dāng)于who had made…的意思。 技巧八 對(duì)于固定搭配，原則上按搭配習(xí)慣處理 1. ______ with so much trouble, we failed to plete the task on time. (xx四川卷) A. Faced B. Face????????????? ? C. Facing????????????? D. To face 【解析】答案選A。(be) faced with為固定搭配，其意為“面對(duì)”，又如：They are all faced with the same problem. 他們都面臨同樣的問(wèn)題。 2. _____ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. (xx湖南卷) A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed 【解析】答案選A。(be) dressed in為固定搭配，其意為“穿著……”，句中的Dressed in…表原因，相當(dāng)于As he is dressed in…的意思。