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2019-2020年高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)知識點精講精析與高考試題預(yù)測 Unit 20 Archaeology 人教版大綱第二冊 I．單元一知識點全覽 工欲善其事 必先利其器 高考須掌握的詞匯：1．decorate 2．tendency 3．a(chǎn)pproyamate 4．remotely 5．Distance 高考須掌握的短語：1．to 2．in 3．eyes 4．hand 5．serve 6．up Ⅱ．考點過關(guān) 過關(guān)斬將 一馬平川 考點詳解 精剖細(xì)解 入巿三分 一、重點詞匯 1．dozen n．(一)打，十二個eg： I want to buy two dozen Socks．我想買兩打襪子。 They have been here for dozens of years．他們在這兒住了幾十年了。 相關(guān)鏈接：score二十，分?jǐn)?shù)用法拓展：scores of許多 dozens of許多 a score ofbooks二十本書a dozen books一打書 se’tl by the dozen論打出售特別提醒：dozen，score與數(shù)詞或many，several連用時，不用復(fù)數(shù)形式；后面接名詞時，of可用也可不用，若后面賓語為代詞時。．of不能省略。 案例剖析 旁征博引 舉一反三 考題1 (典型例題)Eggs are sold , and we need to buy A. by dozen; three dozen B. by the dozen; three dozen C. by dozen; three dozens D. by the dozen; three dozens 考題1點撥；答案為B。sell sth．by the dozen論打出售某物，為固定搭配，故排除A、c項；當(dāng)dozen與數(shù)字連用時，用單數(shù)形式，故排除D項。 2．a(chǎn)verage adj．平均的，普通的，一般的eg： The average age of the girls in our class is 17．我們班女生的平均年齡為17歲。 The average temperature this winter is 10℃．這個冬天的平均氣溫為lO℃。 相關(guān)鏈接：average n．平均，平均數(shù)用法拓展：above the average在一般以上 belOW the average在一般以下 on an(the)average按平均數(shù)分配 an average of．I…·的平均數(shù) average out扯平，最終得到平衡特別提醒：average可用作形容詞，名詞和動詞。 考題2 (典型例題) What do you think of the student? --Oh, he is one of intelligence. A. usual B. mon C. average D. ordinary 專題2點撥：答案為c·此題考查形容詞的詞義辨析。usual通常的；mon普通的，ordinary平常的；average平均的，一般的。句意為：“你覺得那個學(xué)生怎么樣?～噢，他是一個智力一般的學(xué)生?！? 二、重點短語 3．in terms of就……而言，從……角度 eg：In terms of money，were quite rich but not in terms of happmess．從金錢的角度來說，我們是富有的，但從幸福角度來說．我們不富有。 用法拓展：in the long term長遠(yuǎn)看來in the short term在目前 keep on good terms with sb．同某人保持友好關(guān)系 on bad terms with sb．與某人交情不好 e to terms達成協(xié)議，讓步，屈服 特別提醒：in terms of為固定搭配，term用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 考題3 (典型例題分)The wealth of a country should be measured the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce. A. in terms of B. by means C. in place of D. in line with 考題3點撥：答案為A。根據(jù)題意“一個國家的財富，不僅以它生產(chǎn)的物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品來衡量，還要從它的人民的健康和幸福的角度來衡 量”。in terms of．．從……角度，就……而言”，符合題意。 4．1end a hand幫助eg：Could you lend me a hand to move this table?請你幫我把那桌子移動一下好嗎? 用法拓展：give/lensb．a(chǎn) hand幫助某人=give/Iend a hand to sb． have a hand in參與．插手某事at hand在手頭上，即將，在附近 by hand手工做的 hand in hand手挽手 on one hand；on che other hand一方面，另一方面 hand in上交 hand down把……傳下去hand out分發(fā) hand sb．sth．傳給某人某物特別提醒：hand可用作名詞，也可用作動詞。 考題4 (典型例題)-He is preparing for the meeting. Shall we a hand to him? --Had better not. He always lets no one else have a in it. A. put; hand B. lend; mind C. give; foot D. lend; hand 考題4點撥：答案為D。lend/give a hand to sb．“給予某人幫助”；have a hand in“插手萊事”。句意為：“他正在準(zhǔn)備開會。讓我們?nèi)蛶退脝?～最好不要，他一向不讓任何人插手他的事?！? 三、重點交際用語 5．I wonder if/whether…不知道是否……eg： I wonder if it will rain tomorrow．我不知道明天會不會下雨。 用法拓展：1 wonder if I can/could do sth．是請求允許的交際用語，表示請求對方允許自己干某事。其中wonder是動詞，作“想知道”解，后跟if/ whether從句。 eg： I wonder ifI could use your phone．我能不能用一下你的電話? 這個句子直譯是：“我想知道我是否可以用你的電話?！庇胏onld比用can 在語氣上更委婉一些。對于這個請求，如果作肯定回答，則用： Sure．Go ahea d．好的。用吧。 Yes．Please do．好的。請吧。 Of course．/Sure．當(dāng)然可以。如果作否定回答，則用： I’m sorry．but…對不起，但……Im afrald not．恐怕不行吧。 Yon'd better not．最好不。 一I wonder if I could turn off the Iight．我把燈關(guān)掉好嗎? 一Sure．Go ahead．好的，關(guān)吧。 一I wonder if I could smoke here．我在這兒抽煙好嗎? Im sorry，but it is not allowed．對不起，這兒不讓抽煙。特別提醒：1 wonder if I could do…，是請求允許的句型，conld不表示過去時態(tài)，而是一種委婉的表達。 考題5 (典型例題1 分) He seems too tired today,and I wonder he got a good sleep last night. A. when B. that C. if D. where 考題5點撥：答案為c。從He seems to0 tired today．可判知．“我想知道他昨晚是否睡得好”。if是否”，故選c。句意為：“他今天似乎很疲勞，我想知道他昨晚睡得可好。，， 四、重點句型 6．It/This is/was+時間名詞+when…eg：It was four O'clock when he came back．當(dāng)他回來時，已經(jīng)4點鐘了。 It is xx when the olympic Games will be held in China． 奧運會將于xx年在中國舉行。 用法拓展：(1)It is/was+時間名詞+when．．，其．中when引導(dǎo)的為時間狀語從句。 (2)It is/was+時間副詞/介詞短語十that…該句型為強調(diào)句。強調(diào)時間狀語。 eg：It is tomorrow that he will go to Beijing．他明天將去北京。 h was at nine o'clock yesterday that he went to the park．他昨天是九點去的公園。 (3)在句型“It+be+一段時間+since從句”中．be的形式為is或was。如果是is．則 since從句用過去時．若為was，則since從句用過去完成時，此句型意為“自從……以來有一段時間了。”注意s‘ince從句的謂語動詞常用非延續(xù)性動詞。 eg： It is two years since he joined the army．他參軍已有兩年了。 It was five years since his father had died．他父親去世已有五年了。 注意：若since從句中用延續(xù)性動詞．則表示相反的意義．表示該動作或狀態(tài)的終止。 eg：It is three years since he smoked．他不吸煙已有三年了。 It is three years since Tom was a college student．湯姆大學(xué)畢業(yè)已有三年了。 (4)在句型"It+be+一段時間+before從句”中，動詞be通常為was或will be形式．before從句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)一般用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)或過去時態(tài)，表示將來。此句型意為“很久……才……”，其否定式意為“沒過多久……就……”。 eg： It was long(one year)before he came back．過了很久(過了一年)他才回來。 It won't be two years before we meet each other again．過不了兩年我們就會再見面的。 考題6-1 (典型例題 分)It was twelve o'clock at midnight they arrived at the lonely vil-lage. A. thal B. when C. if D. since 考題6-2 ( 典型例題 l 分 ) It took them three hours they could bring the big fire under control. A. when B. before C. since D. that 考題6—1點撥：答案為B。根據(jù)題意“當(dāng)他們到達那個荒涼的小村子時，已是午夜12點鐘”。It is/was+時間詞+when．一when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。故選B?？碱}6—2點撥；答案為B。根據(jù)題意“他們花了三個小時，才把大火控制住”。before表示“過多久……才……”。故選B。 五、詞語辨析 7．a(chǎn)s good as，as well as，as well (1)as good as有兩種用法：①good作為形容詞進行同級比較，譯為“如同……一樣好”。②作為固定詞組用表示“實際上，事實上。和……幾乎一樣”。常放在所修飾的動詞、形容詞之前。 eg：The place where we live is as good as the one where you live．我們生活的地方和你們的一樣好。 what he djd has as good as shown his attitude．他的行為實際上已表明了他的態(tài)度。 My bike is as good as new，even though Ive had it for a year． 我的自行車盡管用了一年，但還和新的一樣。 (2)as well as也有兩種用法：①用于副詞同等比較．譯為“如同……一樣好”。②作為 一個復(fù)合并列連詞，表示“既……又，不但……而且”．連接兩主語時，側(cè)重點在第 一主語，謂語應(yīng)與第一個主語在人稱上保持一致。翻譯時，先譯后者，再譯前者。 eg：You do as well as he does．你做得如同他做得一樣好。 He as well as I is responsible for it．不僅是我，他也有責(zé)任。 We can't expect a woman to do the housework as well as look after the children． 我們不能指望一個女人既照看孩子，又做家務(wù)。 (3)as well只作副詞，有兩種意義：①表示“還是……好”，常用于may或might句中。 ②表示“同樣也”，相當(dāng)于too．通常用于句末。 eg： You might as well leave at once．for the headmaster prohibited StUdents from ing in． 你最好還是馬上離開。因為校長不許學(xué)生進來。 We may as well finish the job，noW we've got so far with it． 這項工作既然我們已做了這么多，還是把它做完為好。 Water is necessary for people，it is necessary for animals as welI． 對人而言，水是必不可少的，對動物來說也是這樣。 Tom has expressed his support，I as weIl will do whatever l can do fdr you．湯姆已表示了他的支持，我也要盡可能為你做一些事情。 考題7-1(典型例題分) As is known to all, she is she is a singer. A. as good an actor as B. as an actor good as C. as good as an actor D. an actor as good as 考題7-2 (典型例題 I’ll go on Monday by the slow train. You might wait till Tuesday and go on the fast one. A. rather than B. as well as C. as good as D. as well 考題7—1點撥t答案為A。as good as表示“同……一樣好”，中間插入an actor，被good所修飾。句意為：眾所周知。她做演員和當(dāng)歌手一樣出色。 考題7—2點撥：答案為D。此題考查may/might as well。不妨……;還是……的好”，為固定搭配。句意為：“我要乘坐周一的慢車走?！澳氵€是等到用二，坐快車走為好。” Ⅲ．語法歸納 精通規(guī)則 游刃有余 It的用法在第一冊講詳細(xì)講過，在此不再贅述。 IV．專題探究 由點及面 由表及里 專題探究：專題詳解：如何做好閱讀理解中的“事實細(xì)節(jié)型”的題目。 一篇文章在確定主題之后，通常要通過大量的事實和細(xì)節(jié)對主題進行解釋和說明。因此有很多的題干是根據(jù)短文的細(xì)節(jié)而設(shè)計的。文章的細(xì)節(jié)題有可能是直接理解題，如事l物的起因、過程、結(jié)果及發(fā)生的時間、地點等。但多數(shù)情況下是聞接理解題，要求你在理解的基礎(chǔ)上，通過自己的思維將理解的內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化、條理化。比如計算、排序、選圖等題。選項的表述通常不是用文章的原話．而是使用同義的詞語來表達。做題時一定要回到短文中找出與答題內(nèi)容相關(guān)的詞語和句子，在理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上選擇答案。找到關(guān)鍵詞后最好在下面畫線。以便檢查。．事實細(xì)節(jié)型的題目常見的提問方式有以下幾種： (l)According to the passage, who/what/ which/when/where/how/how many/ how much/how long/how soon/how often... ? (2)According to the passage, which of the following is true/NOT true? (3) According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned? (4) All of the following are true EX-CEPT... 考題 (典型例題分)The film about schoolboy magician Harry Potter bas gained cra-zy popularity throughout the world since it's on last month. Hopeful children throughout Britain will be delighted when they look under their Christmas tree to find Santa has conjured up(用魔術(shù)變出 ) that longed-for Harry Potter gift. In toy shops, everything about Harry Potter,from models of Hogwarts Express to toy castles, is sold out. The Harry Potter craze has spread far beyond the young magician's home country. In Austria, Harry Potter has caused a rise of interest in wizardry(巫術(shù)). And young Harry Potter fans are following in the footsteps of their idol there is now a real-lifeschool for wizards and witches. Togain their"sorcerer's diplomas(巫師文憑) , three classes of students at the school, in Klagenfurt, southern Austria, take a six-part course. They are taught about astronomy(天文學(xué)) and they learn to make medicine and cast spells(念咒). "I hope I can learn and use power to municate between the visible and invisible worlds, satd a student. Having pleted a final examination, the student witches and wizards receive cer-tificates(證書) to show their achievements. But even the ancient art of wizardry has hadto give ground to the puter age: the course can be studied by distan,ce learning on the Internet. In the US, the film has been laughing all the way on the top of the box office and has stayed there for the third week in a row. According to the passage, which of the statement is true? A. Many schools have offered selective class on wizardry. B. Harry Potter gifts are sold well throughout the world. C.,People can learn wizardry even on the Internet. D. Wizardry is most popular in the United States 考題撥:答案為c。從文章倒敷第二自然段最后一句話But even the ancient art of wizardry has had to give ground to the puter age：the course can be studied by distance learning on the]nternet．(連古代的巫術(shù)也要讓位于電腦時代：課程可以通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)進行遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)。)可以看出，c為正確答案。 V．考題類型一網(wǎng)打盡 驀然回首 燈火闌珊 回顧1 測試考點 6 (典型例題 Scientists say it may be five or six years it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A. since B. after C. before D. when 1．c點撥：此題考查lt is+一段時間+before…結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“過多長時間才……?！本湟鉃椋骸翱茖W(xué)家們說可能要過五六年的時間這種藥才能在病人身上做臨床檢驗?！? 回顧2 測試考點 6 (典型例題t was some time we realized the truth. A. when B. until C. since D. before 2．D點撥：本題考查引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的連詞用法。本題句意：過了一段時間我們才意識到真相。句型：lt was some time before．…意為“過了一段時間之后才……”。when用于句中不合句意，until常與not連用而且常用于否定句中，意為。直到……才……”，since常與完成時連用。 回顧3 測試考點 6 (典型例題 Did Jack e back earlylast night? - Yes. It was not yet eight o'clock he arrived home. A. before B. when C. that D. until 3．B點撥：此題考查時間狀語從句。這里的when是引導(dǎo)詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，交代了主句發(fā)生的時間。 VI．2011年高考題預(yù)測 高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚 占盡先機 一、考情預(yù)測 預(yù)測l：“穿衣”的表達形式 預(yù)測根據(jù)：在英語中，表示“穿衣”時有多種表達形式，這是一個?？嫉膯栴}，對考生來說也是一個難點。表示“穿衣”時，分動作和狀態(tài)兩類： 命題角度預(yù)測：對“穿衣”這一表達形式的考查，會在高考的單項選擇或完形填空部分設(shè)置考題，從動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)方面，或從動作、狀態(tài)方面進行考查?？忌熘@幾方面的表達，根據(jù)題目所提供的語境進行正確選擇。 預(yù)測2：intend的用法與搭配 預(yù)測根據(jù)：intend表示“打算；意欲；想要”，是考綱要求掌握的一個重點單詞，也是高考考查的重要考點之一。尤其是intend后接從句，用(should)+動詞原形和be intended for“為某人某事而計劃或設(shè)計”的用法，更是高考考查的重點。 命題角度預(yù)測：對于intend的用法，在單項選擇、完形填空或閱讀理解部分出現(xiàn)的可能性都較大。考生應(yīng)特別注意前面提到的兩種搭配和用法所表示的意思。 預(yù)測3：not…until句型 預(yù)測根據(jù)：not…until表示“直到……才……”。這是一個重點句型。也是考生很容易出錯的一個句型。在近幾年全國高考和各省自主命題的試題中,此句型是一個考查熱點。 命題角度預(yù)測：對not…until的考查，通常會在單項選擇中進行，從以下幾個方面進行考查：(1)當(dāng)主句用將來時態(tài)或主句是祈使句時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，而不用將來時。 eg：1 won't believe you until I have seen you in the jar with my own eyes．(我親眼看到你在壇子里才會相信你所說的。) (2)not until用于強調(diào)句型，即It was not until+時間狀語(從句)+that從句。eg：It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star．(直到她摘下墨鏡我才看出她是個著名影星。) (3)not until放在句首，用于倒裝句型。 eg：Not until I began to work did I realize how much time J had wasted． (直到開始工作我才意識到我浪費了多少時間。) 預(yù)測4：“be to do"結(jié)構(gòu) 預(yù)測根據(jù)．be to do屬于表將來情況的句型之一。在實際運用中，主要有三方面的用法：(1)某事應(yīng)當(dāng)/必須如何做。通常用于不定式的被動式。經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在通知或說明書中。 eg：Thebooks you borrowed are to be returned before May 1 st．(你所借的圖書應(yīng)在5月1日前歸還。)(2)表示命令或指示，通常是上級對下級，父母對子女。用于第二人稱時，經(jīng)常含有轉(zhuǎn)達別人指示的意思。 eg：Mother says you are 10 walt here till shees．(媽媽說你在這兒一直等到她回來。)(3)表示按計劃或安排要做的事或注定要發(fā)生的事。 eg：Better days are soo/I to follow．(好日子快要到了。) 命題角度預(yù)測：“be to do"結(jié)構(gòu)的考查在單項選擇尤其是完形填空部分設(shè)題的可能性非常大。考生應(yīng)清楚此結(jié)構(gòu)所表示的三種基本情境，熟練運用此句型準(zhǔn)確完成題目。 預(yù)測5：話題預(yù)測 本單元的中心話題是“考古學(xué)”，內(nèi)容涉及石器時代、青銅器時代、漢朝、唐朝等古代的飲食起居、文化娛樂、生產(chǎn)工具等．并著重介紹了英國的巨石陣和中華文明的起源。高考與本話題有關(guān)的部分會在閱讀理解部分涉及到。會以記敘文的形式給出有關(guān)考古發(fā)現(xiàn)的一篇文章，從詞義猜測、歸納主題、排列時間順序等幾個方面設(shè)題．考查考生的閱讀能力。因此．在備考時考生要結(jié)合本單元閱讀部分。了解有關(guān)考古學(xué)的常識，有助于閱讀和順利完成題目。 二、考題預(yù)測 [備考1]測試考點 1 --How many people, were there? --There were A. score of them. B. scores of them C. three scores of them D. three score them 1．B點撥：scores of“許多；大量”，是固定詞組。score與數(shù)詞連用時，只能用單數(shù)形式。且后面賓語為代詞時，of不能省略。 [備考2]測試考點 2 The pany earned a lot of money. As a result,the member's personal ine rose by a(an) of 10 percent. A. average B. ordinary C. mon D. usual 2．A 點撥：an average of平均……”，為固定詞組。句意為：“公司贏利很多，結(jié)果。員工個人收入平均增長了10％?！? [備考3]測試考點 6 The car was slow and the road was icy. It was already evening we finally got to the village. A. that B. when C. until D. in which 3．B點撥：此題考查lt is+時間名詞-{-when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。句意為：“車慢路滑，當(dāng)我們到達村子時，已經(jīng)是晚上了。” [備考4]測試考點 3 The record has been well received, but actual sales it hasn't been very successful. A. in terms of B. in place of C. in a way D. in line with 4．A 點撥：in terms of從……角度，按照”；in place of．代替”；in a way“從某種程度上”；in line with“與……一致”。句意為：“這張唱片很受歡迎，但從實際銷售的角度看，它的發(fā)行不很成功。” [備考5]測試考點 7 I can't afford the dress, h is that one. A. twice as expensive as B. as twice expensive as C. as expensive twice as D. as expensive as twice 5．A點撥：as…as．一中第一個as是副詞，后接形容詞或副詞。第二個as是連詞。有倍數(shù)時，先出現(xiàn)倍數(shù)，再加比較句式。 [備考6]測試考點6 Alice broke several cups when cleaning the dishes. It was a long time her master discovered whathad happened. A. until B. when C. since D. before 6．D點撥：此題考查句型It is+時間+before…表示“過了多久才……”。句意為：“艾麗斯在刷盤子時打碎了幾個杯子，過了很久主人才發(fā)現(xiàn)?！? [備考7]測試考點 5 I wonder they will arrive on time. A. what B. when C. whether D. that 7．C 點撥：wonder用于肯定的陳述句中，賓語從句的連詞用whether或if或特殊疑問詞。后面的賓語從句不缺成分，可排除A,when與on time沖突；所以C項正確。 [備考8]測試考點4 Everyone in our soeiety should a hand to those who are in trouble． A．take B．1end C．have D．put 8．B．點撥：give/lend a hand to sb．意為：給予某人幫助。 [備考9]高考新題型：閱讀填空題 Dear Xiao Ming, You asked me in your letter for advice on which major to choose. When it es to this, I suggest that you apply for the major of English. To begin with, English is one of the most popular languages in the world, which is widely used in all fields. What's more, English majors are more likely to find a good job in the increasingly tight job market. It can provide you with a promising job. In order to study at English Department, you haye to meetthe following requirements. First, you have to spend a lot of time on it, just as the old saying goes, "Practice makes per- fect". Second, the basic skills of reading, writing, listening anti speaking are necessary, because they are the foundations for you future study. Last but not the least important, you need an interest in learning English since "Interest is the best teacher". As far as the preparation work is concerned, you should. first of all, review all the required vocabulary. In addition. you'd better spend some time on speaking,reading and writing. Also, you should pay special attention to your spoken English. Such is my advice. Only through these measures can you hope to be admitted to English Department. Which (1) to choose The reason for the ap plication (5) you should meet Preparan on work EngIish 1．One of (2) in the world． 1 I (6) is the best teacher． 1．Review aIl the vocabu— lary． 2．It’s ea$ier to get a good job in the (3) job iilarket． 2．You have to (7) mueh time to Iearning it． 2． (9) your speaking． reading and writing． 3.1t can give you a (4) job． 3．The basic skiIls are the (8) for your futurestud y． 3．Pay special attention to (10) 9．(1)major (2)the most popular languages (3)increasingly tight (4)promising(5)Basic requirements (6)Interest (7)devote/spend (8)foundation (9)Improve (10)your spoken English