塑料模具設(shè)計(jì)外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯、中英文翻譯,塑料,模具設(shè)計(jì),外文,文獻(xiàn),翻譯,中英文 塑料模具設(shè)計(jì) 摘 要：我國(guó)塑料模工業(yè)從起步到現(xiàn)在，歷經(jīng)半個(gè)多世紀(jì)，有了很大發(fā)展，模具水平有了較大提高。我國(guó)模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件水平和模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度仍較低，與國(guó)外差距甚大，在一定程度上制約著我國(guó)模具工業(yè)的發(fā)展，為提高模具質(zhì)量和降低模具制造成本，模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件的應(yīng)用要大力推廣。隨著科學(xué)的發(fā)展進(jìn)步，塑料模具設(shè)計(jì)的發(fā)展速度也已經(jīng)趕超其他模具行業(yè)的發(fā)展。 1我國(guó)塑料模具水平 近年來(lái)，我國(guó)塑料模具水平已有較大提高。塑料模具是賦予塑料制品以完整構(gòu)型和精確尺寸的工具。隨著工業(yè)產(chǎn)品塑料化趨勢(shì)的不斷增強(qiáng)，新型材料的不斷出現(xiàn)，塑料制品的應(yīng)用范圍不斷擴(kuò)大，使塑料成型技術(shù)不斷向前發(fā)展。從生活用品到各類復(fù)雜的機(jī)械零件都是利用注射模具成型。自新中國(guó)成立以來(lái)，模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件覆蓋率及模具商品化率都已有較大幅度的提高。在生產(chǎn)手段上，使模具發(fā)展水平及企業(yè)管理水平都發(fā)生了顯著變化，為推動(dòng)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展做出了很大的貢獻(xiàn)。顯然我國(guó)塑料模具技術(shù)水平有了大幅度提高，仍要追求完美。隨著模具在生產(chǎn)和管理方面的全球化、國(guó)際化，它已成為衡量一個(gè)國(guó)家制造業(yè)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。目前，模具技術(shù)的進(jìn)步促進(jìn)工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的發(fā)展，任何一件塑料制品的加工工藝要求、使用要求和造型設(shè)計(jì)要求都需要嚴(yán)格要求。世界塑料成型模具產(chǎn)量中約半數(shù)以上是注射模具。 2 塑料模具的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì) (1)塑料模具的現(xiàn)狀 模具是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的基礎(chǔ)工藝裝備，已經(jīng)取得了共識(shí)。模具生產(chǎn)技術(shù)水平的高低，已 成為衡量一個(gè)國(guó)家產(chǎn)品制造水平高低的重要標(biāo)志，在很大程度上決定著產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量、效益和新產(chǎn)品的開(kāi)發(fā)能力, 決定著一個(gè)國(guó)家制造業(yè)的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力.我國(guó)模具行業(yè)將向大型、精密、復(fù)雜、高效、長(zhǎng)壽命和多功能方向發(fā)展。 模具工業(yè)是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)，受到政府和企業(yè)界的高度重視。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家有“模具工業(yè)是進(jìn)入富裕社會(huì)的原動(dòng)力”之說(shuō)，可見(jiàn)其重視的程度，當(dāng)今，“模具就是產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量”，“模具就是經(jīng)濟(jì)效益”的觀念，已被越來(lái)越多的人接受。 塑料模具工業(yè)是隨塑料工業(yè)的發(fā)展而發(fā)展的。塑料工業(yè)是一門(mén)新興工業(yè)。自塑料問(wèn)世后的幾十年以來(lái)，由于其原料豐富、制作方便和成本低廉，塑料工業(yè)發(fā)展很快，它在某些方面己取代了多種有色金屬、黑色金屬、水泥、橡膠、皮革、陶瓷、木材和玻璃等，成為各個(gè)工業(yè)部門(mén)不可缺少的材料。塑料模具的現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)與制造和現(xiàn)代塑料工業(yè)的發(fā)展有極密切的關(guān)系。隨著塑料工業(yè)的飛速發(fā)展，塑料模具工業(yè)也隨之迅速發(fā)展。 (2)塑料模具的發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 目前，我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)處于高速發(fā)展階段，國(guó)際上經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化發(fā)展趨勢(shì)日趨明顯，這為我國(guó)模具工業(yè)高速發(fā)展提供了良好的條件和機(jī)遇。一方面，國(guó)內(nèi)模具市場(chǎng)將高速發(fā)展，另一方面，模具制造也逐漸向我國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)移以及跨國(guó)集團(tuán)到我國(guó)進(jìn)行模具采購(gòu)趨勢(shì)也十分明顯。中國(guó)模具工業(yè)水平不僅在質(zhì)和量方面有很大提高，而且行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)品水平、開(kāi)發(fā)創(chuàng)新能力、企業(yè)的體制與機(jī)制以及技術(shù)進(jìn)步的方面也會(huì)取得較大的發(fā)展。模具技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)主要是模具產(chǎn)品向著更大型、更精密、更復(fù)雜及更經(jīng)濟(jì)的方向發(fā)展，模具產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)含量不斷提高，模具制造周期不斷縮短，模具生產(chǎn)朝著信息化、無(wú)圖化、精細(xì)化、自動(dòng)化的方向發(fā)展，模具企業(yè)向著技術(shù)集成化、設(shè)備精良化、產(chǎn)批品牌化、管理信息化、經(jīng)營(yíng)國(guó)際化的方向發(fā)展。 隨著人類社會(huì)的進(jìn)步和高技術(shù)不斷發(fā)展，世界各國(guó)對(duì)塑料模設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)給予了高度重視和關(guān)注，不惜投入重金進(jìn)行研究和開(kāi)發(fā)，塑料模Mold-Flow或C-Flow軟件和塑料模Mold-Cool或C-Cool軟件等已經(jīng)商品化，注射模CAD正向?qū)嵱没A段邁進(jìn)。 3 塑料膜的分析 3.1塑料膜的制造特點(diǎn) (1) 型腔及型芯呈立體型面? 塑料的外形和內(nèi)部形狀直接由型腔和型芯直接成型。型腔、型芯的形狀是塑料件的復(fù)映。 (2) 精度要求高? 型腔、型芯尺寸精度一般為IT8～9，精密塑料模具的型芯型腔尺寸精度為IT6～7級(jí)，另外機(jī)構(gòu)的尺寸也要求非常準(zhǔn)確，以使運(yùn)動(dòng)可靠。 (3) 表面質(zhì)量要求高? 型腔、型芯的表面粗糙度一般為Ra0.2～0.1，有鏡面要求的表面粗糙度為Ra0.05一下，為達(dá)到粗糙度要求，型腔、型芯表面經(jīng)精加工后必須經(jīng)過(guò)嚴(yán)格的研磨、拋光。目前多數(shù)采用手工研磨和拋光，其手工加工的比例約占整副模具加工量的40%左右，精密型模具，由于多為鑲拼式結(jié)構(gòu)，手工加工量約占10%左右。為了提高模具的使用壽命，成型零件還需進(jìn)行淬火。因此成型研磨、電加工等精密加工占的比例比較大。 (4) 對(duì)刀具的性能要求越來(lái)越高? 由于模具的性能材料不斷提高，模具加工刀具也相應(yīng)提高，常用一些優(yōu)越性能的刀具材料和改進(jìn)的刀具設(shè)計(jì)。 (5) 工藝流程長(zhǎng)、制造時(shí)間緊 (6) 模具制造一般屬于但減少批生產(chǎn)方式。 3.2塑料膜的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 塑件的基本結(jié)構(gòu)有工藝結(jié)構(gòu)、功能結(jié)構(gòu)及造型結(jié)構(gòu)三部分組成。其中功能機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)是核心，工藝結(jié)構(gòu)和造型結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)是在滿足功能結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行的設(shè)計(jì)。在設(shè)計(jì)塑件時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)把這三種結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來(lái)，已達(dá)到較好的設(shè)計(jì)效果。 (1) 工藝結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 在塑件功能結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)上，為實(shí)現(xiàn)加工制造的可能性和簡(jiǎn)捷性，必須進(jìn)行工藝結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。金屬嵌件要滿足塑件使用功能要求，與塑件連接牢固性要求，成型時(shí)便與在模具中裝固，成型后容易從模具中脫出。在塑件工藝結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，要充分了解其在使用中的機(jī)能，又要熟悉材料的性能特點(diǎn)，成型工藝過(guò)程及特點(diǎn)。以保證這些加工的順利進(jìn)行，并確保加工質(zhì)量。 (2) 功能結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 在充分分析塑件使用功能的基礎(chǔ)上確定塑件的整體結(jié)構(gòu)、各組成部分幾何形狀、尺寸、材質(zhì)和外觀要求及強(qiáng)度等。塑件各部分的強(qiáng)度可以通過(guò)選材、合理地分配材料、必要的強(qiáng)度和剛度計(jì)算、模擬或?qū)嵱脤?shí)驗(yàn)等方法予以確認(rèn)。塑件的結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)在滿足其功能要求的前提下，力求簡(jiǎn)單、明快、可靠。 (3) 造型結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 一定要認(rèn)真的進(jìn)行造型設(shè)計(jì)，以滿足其使用機(jī)能要求，是現(xiàn)代制品設(shè)計(jì)的根本目的。在造型設(shè)計(jì)中還要體現(xiàn)環(huán)境、時(shí)代的要求，同時(shí)又能保證使用者在使用它時(shí)感到方便、安全、可靠、舒適。 4 模具設(shè)計(jì) 4.1 塑料模具設(shè)計(jì)的意義 隨著商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，激烈的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，產(chǎn)品更新?lián)Q代的加速，對(duì)快速經(jīng)濟(jì)制模技術(shù)在縮短周期、降低成本，提高精度和延長(zhǎng)壽命方面的要求勢(shì)必會(huì)越來(lái)越高。由于它能使企業(yè)贏得市場(chǎng)，創(chuàng)造顯著的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，越來(lái)越受到企業(yè)家的青睞和有關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)部門(mén)的極大關(guān)注與政策資金的支持。目前發(fā)達(dá)工業(yè)國(guó)家的一些大公司換模速度達(dá)到了驚人的程度，是否具有快速換模技術(shù)已成為企業(yè)技術(shù)進(jìn)步的一項(xiàng)標(biāo)志。總的趨勢(shì)就是減少模具在設(shè)備上安裝、固定、調(diào)整的時(shí)間，這既要在設(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)上予以考慮，又要在模具的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化方面予以考慮。簡(jiǎn)化模具設(shè)計(jì)，縮短制模周期，調(diào)試模具方便，縮短更換模具時(shí)間，提高生產(chǎn)效率。為了簡(jiǎn)化模具的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，降低模具成本，縮短模具制造周期，在國(guó)內(nèi)外也先后出現(xiàn)了一些其它方面新技術(shù)的應(yīng)用。市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展，促使工業(yè)產(chǎn)?品越來(lái)越向多品種、小批量、高質(zhì)量、低成本的方向發(fā)展。 4.2 現(xiàn)代快速經(jīng)濟(jì)制造模具技術(shù) 快速經(jīng)濟(jì)制模技術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)械加工相比，具有制模周期短、成本低、精度與壽命又能滿足生產(chǎn)上的使用要求，是綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)效益比較顯著的一類制造模具的技術(shù)，概括起來(lái)，有以下幾種類別。 (1) 快速原型制造技術(shù) 快速原型制造技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)稱RPM，是80年代后期發(fā)展起來(lái)的 一種新型制造技術(shù)。美國(guó)、日本、英國(guó)、以色列、德國(guó)、中國(guó)都推出了自己的商業(yè)化產(chǎn)品，并逐漸形成了新型產(chǎn)業(yè)。它摒棄了傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)械加工方法，對(duì)制造業(yè)的變革是一個(gè)重大的突破，利用RPM技術(shù)可以直接或間接地快速制模，該技術(shù)已被汽車、航空、家電、船舶、醫(yī)療、模具等行業(yè)廣泛應(yīng)用。 (2)表面成型制模技術(shù) 表面成型制模技術(shù)，主要是利用噴涂、電鑄、化學(xué)腐 蝕等新的工藝方法形成型腔表面及精細(xì)花紋的一種工藝技術(shù)。它包括電弧噴涂成型制模技術(shù)、目前該技術(shù)被廣泛地用于飛機(jī)、汽車的內(nèi)飾件模具、家電、家俱、制鞋、美術(shù)工藝品等表面形狀復(fù)雜及花紋精細(xì)的各種聚氨酯制品的吹塑、吸塑、PVC注射、PU發(fā)泡及各類注射成型模具中；電鑄成型技術(shù)、提高了耐磨性和壽命，粗糙度、尺寸精度與樣模完全一致，適用于注射、吸塑、吹塑、搪塑、膠木模、玻璃模、壓鑄模等模具型腔及電火花成型電極的制造；型腔表面精細(xì)花紋成型的蝕刻技術(shù)、該技術(shù)的主要特點(diǎn)是時(shí)間短、費(fèi)用低，修補(bǔ)破損花紋圖案可做到天衣無(wú)縫。 (3)澆鑄成型制模技術(shù) 澆鑄成型制模技術(shù)的共同特點(diǎn)是依樣件為基準(zhǔn)，澆鑄 出凸、凹模，型腔表面不需要機(jī)械加工。 （4）擠壓成型技術(shù) 利用鈹銅合金的良好的導(dǎo)熱性和穩(wěn)定性，經(jīng)固熔時(shí)效處理 后，采用冷擠壓制造模具凹模型腔。該技術(shù)是利用金屬材料在細(xì)化晶粒、一定成型溫度、低變形速率條件下，材料具有最佳超塑性時(shí)，將事先制作好的凸模，用較小的力便可擠壓出凹模的一種快速經(jīng)濟(jì)制模技術(shù)。 (5)無(wú)模多點(diǎn)成形技術(shù) 無(wú)模多點(diǎn)快速成形技術(shù)是以CAD/CAM/CAT技術(shù)為主 要手段，利用計(jì)算機(jī)控制高度可調(diào)基本體群形成上下成形面，代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)模具對(duì)板料進(jìn)行三維曲面成形的又一現(xiàn)代先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)。此項(xiàng)技術(shù)可以隨意改變變形路徑與受力狀態(tài)，提高材料的成形極限，可反復(fù)成形，以此消除材料內(nèi)部的殘余應(yīng)力，實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)回彈成形。 (6)凱維郎鋼帶沖裁落料制模技術(shù) 它是由單刃鋼帶與特制墊板組成的新型快速經(jīng)濟(jì)制模技術(shù)。這種模具重量輕，一般只有200kg，加工精度為?±0.35-0.50mm，可適合各種黑色和有色金屬的0.5-0.65mm厚的板料加工。壽命可達(dá)到5-25?萬(wàn)次，制造成本低。 (7)模具毛坯的快速制造技術(shù)即實(shí)型鑄造 由于大量的模具是屬于單件 或小批量生產(chǎn)，模具毛坯的制造質(zhì)量和周期及成本對(duì)最終的模具質(zhì)量和周期及成本的影響是至關(guān)重要的?，F(xiàn)代模具毛坯已廣泛地采用子實(shí)型鑄造技術(shù)，所謂實(shí)型鑄造就是利用泡沫塑料(聚苯乙烯—PS或聚甲基丙烯酸酯—PMMA)制作代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的木?；蚪饘倌＃煨秃蟛恍枞〕瞿Ｐ?，便可以澆鑄，泡沫塑料模型的高溫液體金屬作用下，迅速燃燒氣化而消失，金屬液取代原來(lái)泡沫塑料模型所占有的位置，冷凝后形成鑄件。 (8)其他方面技術(shù) 為了簡(jiǎn)化模具的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，降低模具成本，縮短模具制造周 期，在國(guó)內(nèi)外也先后出現(xiàn)了一些其它方面新技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，如快換模架、沖壓?jiǎn)卧⑷锌诙押?、鑲塊鑄造、氮?dú)鈴椈傻?。氮?dú)鈴椈墒且环N新型彈性功能部件，彈壓力大小及受力點(diǎn)位置可隨時(shí)、準(zhǔn)確、方便地調(diào)整，簡(jiǎn)化模具拉伸、壓邊、卸料等結(jié)構(gòu)，簡(jiǎn)化模具設(shè)計(jì)，縮短制模周期，調(diào)試模具方便，縮短更換模具時(shí)間，提高生產(chǎn)效率。由于產(chǎn)品品種的增多，使模具在生產(chǎn)中更換變得十分頻繁，于是如何縮短沖壓設(shè)備的停機(jī)時(shí)間，提高生產(chǎn)效率，快速換模技術(shù)受到了人們的關(guān)注。沖壓?jiǎn)卧M合技術(shù)是將常規(guī)的沖模分解為一個(gè)個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的單元沖模，根據(jù)工序件的要求，排列組合，在同一次沖程內(nèi)完成多種沖壓工序的新型工藝裝備，工作時(shí)沖壓?jiǎn)卧慌c沖床滑塊聯(lián)接，只需滑塊打擊即可完成沖壓工作。可加工塑料在發(fā)達(dá)的工業(yè)國(guó)家應(yīng)用較普遍，特別是在汽車、飛機(jī)等制造業(yè)中，主要代替木材或金屬制作汽車車身主模型、靠模、檢具和鑄造模型等?？杉庸に芰系闹饕攸c(diǎn)是兼?zhèn)淠静暮徒饘俚膬?yōu)良加工性能，制作工藝簡(jiǎn)捷(可采用模塑、澆注、拼粘、雕塑等方法)、尺寸穩(wěn)定性好、不變形、耐潮濕、耐腐蝕、易修復(fù)、易改型、重量輕、制作周期短、成本低。 快速經(jīng)濟(jì)制模技術(shù)種類很多，其所具有的特點(diǎn)、應(yīng)用范圍各不相同，模具是基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)之一，在全球化市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)和各種高新技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展形勢(shì)下，快速經(jīng)濟(jì)模具賦予了新的使命和全新的內(nèi)涵，分類不斷增加，快速經(jīng)濟(jì)制模材料向著多品種系列化邁進(jìn)，工藝不斷有新的創(chuàng)新和突破，與之配套設(shè)備相繼問(wèn)世，服務(wù)領(lǐng)域在不斷地拓寬，創(chuàng)造的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益越來(lái)越顯著。各種快速經(jīng)濟(jì)制模技術(shù)在推廣應(yīng)用過(guò)程中也會(huì)不斷完善成熟和發(fā)展，由于高新技術(shù)的發(fā)展，各種技術(shù)的復(fù)合與滲透，為適應(yīng)生產(chǎn)中的不同需求，今后必定會(huì)形成一些新型、節(jié)約能源、節(jié)約材料的快速制模技術(shù)。在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)發(fā)展的進(jìn)程中，模具的地位及其重要性日益為人們所認(rèn)識(shí)。模具工業(yè)作為進(jìn)入富裕社會(huì)的原動(dòng)力之一，正推動(dòng)著整個(gè)工業(yè)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步。當(dāng)今模具就是“現(xiàn)代化”，模具就是“高效益”的觀念，以被越來(lái)越多的入們所接受。由于科學(xué)技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展，產(chǎn)品更新?lián)Q代速度加快以及人們對(duì)產(chǎn)品多樣化需求的增加，使得模具制品由單一的大批量生產(chǎn)模式逐漸向多品種、中小批量生產(chǎn)模式發(fā)展，塑料模是塑料制品生產(chǎn)基礎(chǔ)之深刻含義正日益為人們理解和掌握。 從市場(chǎng)情況來(lái)看，塑料模具生產(chǎn)企業(yè)應(yīng)重點(diǎn)發(fā)展那些技術(shù)含量高的大型、精密、復(fù)雜、長(zhǎng)壽命模具，并大力開(kāi)發(fā)國(guó)際市場(chǎng)，發(fā)展出口模具。隨著中國(guó)塑料工業(yè)，特別是工程塑料的高速發(fā)展，可以預(yù)見(jiàn)，中國(guó)塑料模具的發(fā)展速度仍將繼續(xù)高于模具工業(yè)的整體發(fā)展速度，未來(lái)幾年年增長(zhǎng)率仍將保持20%左右的水平。 Design of plastic mold Abstract：Plastic industry in China started to now.After more than a century had the very big development.Mould level had the very big enhancement.China's mold and die level of standard parts standardization still low, the gap between the large and foreign, to a certain extent constraining the development of industries in our country die, die to improve quality and reduce manufacturing costs Die, Die standard parts to vigorously promote the application.With the development of scientific progress.plastic mold design development speed has to catch up with the development of other mould industry. 1. Plastic mould level in our country In recent years our country plastic mould level has been improved greatly.Plastic mold plastic products are endowed with complete configuration and precise size of the tool.With the increasing trend of industrial plastic products,new materials appear constantly,expanding the application range of the plastic products,make the plastic molding technology continuous development.From groceries to all kinds of complex mechanical parts is the use of injection molding.From the new China was founded,die standard parts coverage and mold commercialization rate have been greatly improved.On the means of production,make the mould level and significant changes have taken place in the enterprise management level.In order to promote the development of the national economy has made a great contribution.Obviously China had the very big enhancement,still want to purssue the perfection.As the mold production and management internationalization,globalization it has become a standard measure of a country’s manufacturing.At prensent,mould technology promote the development of industrial products,anything that comes out of the plastic products processing requirements,use requirement,and modelling design requirement need to be strict requirement.The world plastic molding mold production about half are injection mould. 2. The present situation and development trend of plastic mold (1) The present situation of the plastic mold Mold is the foundation of industrial production technology and equipment,has beenn a consensus.Mould production technology level of high annd low,has become to measure a national product manufacture level of important symbol,to a large extent determines the quality of the products,benefits,determine the international competitiveness of a country’s manufacturing.Mold industry in our county will become large,sophisticated,complex,high efficiency,long life and multifunctional direction. Mould industry is the basic industry of national economy,attaches great importance to by the government and business.In developed countries,there are:mold industry is entering the said of the motive force of the affluent society,which attaches importance to the extend of today,the mould is the product quality,the mold is the notion of economic benefits,has been accepted by more and more people.Plastic mould industry is along with the development of the plastics industry development.Plastic industry is an emering industry.Since the advent of plastic for decades,due to its abundant raw materials,making convenient and cheap,plastic industry develops very fast,it is an industrial have taken the place of a variety of nonferrous metal,black metal,cement,rubber,leather,ceramic,wood and glass,etc.And become an indispensable material each industrial sector.Modern plastic mold design and manufacturing and the development of modern plastic industry have close relationship.With the rapid development of plastic industry,plastic mold industry has been development rapidly. (2) The development trend of plastic mold At present, our country economy high speed development stage, the international development trend of economic globalization is increasingly obvious, this for the mold industry high speed development of our country provides a good conditions and opportunities. On the one hand, the domestic market of the mold will be rapid development, on the other hand, mould manufacturing also gradually shift to our country and international group to mould purchasing trend is obvious in our country. China mold and die industry level not only has greatly improved in quality and quantity, and industry structure, product level, development and innovation ability, enterprise's system and mechanism to the progress of technology will achieve greater development. The development trend of mould technology is mainly mold products toward larger, more sophisticated, more complex and the direction of development of economy,Constantly improve the technical content of the mold, the mold manufacturing cycle shorten constantly, mold production towards information, no PIC, refinement, the direction of automation, mold companies toward technology integration, well-equipped, the production batch of the brand, management informationization, internationalization direction. With the continuous development of human society and the progress of high technology, the world has given more and more attention to the technology of plastic mold design, have invested heavily in research and development of plastic mould, plastic mould and Mold-Flow or C-Flow software Mold-Cool or C-Cool software has been commercialized, the injection mold CAD positive practical stage. 3. The analysis of the plastic 3.1The manufacture of plastic film characteristics (1) The cavity and the core of the mould core are three-dimensional surface. The shape and interior shape of the plastic are directly formed by the cavity and the core. The shape of the cavity and the core is the reflection of plastic parts. (2)High precision Cavity, type core size accuracy is generally IT8 ~ 9, precision plastic mold core cavity size accuracy of IT6 ~ 7, the size of the other agencies also require very accurate, so that the movement is reliable. (3)High surface quality The surface of cavity core roughness is generally Ra0.2 ~ 0.1, the surface roughness of Ra0.05 mirror requirements, to achieve the roughness, cavity and core surface finishing must undergo strict grinding and polishing. At present, most of the manual grinding and polishing, the manual processing of the proportion accounted for about 40% of the amount of the whole mold processing, precision mould, due to the insert structure, manual processing volume accounted for about 10%.In order to improve the service life of the die, the forming parts need to be quenched. So molding grinding, electric machining, and so on the proportion of precision machining is relatively large. (4)The tool requires higher performance Due to the continuous improvement of the performance of the mold materials, mold processing tools also improved, commonly used in some of the superior performance of the tool material and improved tool design. (5) The process is long and the manufacturing time is tight. (6) Mold manufacturing generally belong but reduce the number of batch production. 3.2The basic structure of plastic film The basic structure of the plastic part is composed of three parts, which are process structure, function structure and shape structure. The function mechanism design is the core, the craft structure and the modelling structure design is the design which satisfies the functional structure design foundation to carry on the design.The design of the three structures should be organically combined, which has achieved good results. (1)Process design On the basis of the function structure design, the process structure design must be carried out in order to realize the possibility and the simplicity of manufacture.The metal insert plastic parts to meet the functional requirements, and the plastic connection request, and forming in the mold is solid, after molding easily ejected from the mould.In the process of plastic parts design, to fully understand its use in the function, but also familiar with the performance characteristics of the material, molding process and characteristics.In order to ensure the smooth progress of these processes, and to ensure the quality of processing. (2)Functional structure design On the basis of fully analyzing the function of the plastic parts, the whole structure of the plastic part, the geometry, the size, the material, the appearance and the strength of the plastic parts are determined.The strength of each part of the plastic part can be confirmed by the method of material selection, rational distribution of material, the necessary strength and rigidity calculation, simulation and practical experiment.The structure of plastic parts should be simple, lively and reliable in the premise of meeting the functional requirements. (3) Modeling structure design Must be carefully designed to meet the functional requirements of its use, is the fundamental purpose of modern product design.In the design of the design also reflects the environment, the requirements of the times,It also ensures that users feel convenient, safe, reliable and comfortable when using it. 4. Mold design 4.1The meaning of plastic mold design With the development of commodity economy, the competition in the market, the acceleration of product upgrades, moulding technology of rapid economy in a shortened cycle, reduce cost, improve the precision and prolong life requirements are bound to more and more high. Because it can make the enterprise win the market, creating significant economic benefits, more and more get the favour of entrepreneurs and great concern about leadership department funds and policy support.The developed industrial countries to some of the big company in mold speed at an alarming rate, whether have fast changing mould technology has become a symbol of enterprise technological progress. The general trend is to reduce the mold on the equipment installation, fixed, adjustment of the time, this should be considered in the equipment structure design, and to be considered in terms of mold structure design, standardization.Simplify the mold design, shorten the molding cycle, convenient debugging moulds, shorten tool changing time, improve production efficiency. In order to simplify the mould structure design, reduce the mold cost, shorten the mould manufacturing cycle, at home and abroad, also has some other aspects the application of new technology. The continuous development of market economy, the industrial products to more and more many varieties, small batch, high quality and low cost. 4.2Technology of modern rapid economic manufacture Rapid machining economic modeling technology compared with the traditional, with a short molding cycle and low cost, the precision and the life can satisfy the demand of production, is a kind of mold manufacturing obvious economy benefits of the technology, summed up the following categories. (1)Rapid prototyping manufacturing technology Rapid prototyping manufacturing technology referred to as RPM, is developed in the late 80s.A new manufacturing technology. The United States, Japan, Britain, Israel, Germany, China have launched their own commercial products, and gradually formed a new industry.It has abandoned the traditional mechanical processing method, the manufacturing industry transformation is a significant breakthrough, the use of RPM technology can rapid tooling directly or indirectly, this technology has been widely applied in automobile, aviation, shipbuilding, home appliances, medical and mould industries. (2) Surface molding tooling technology The surface of tooling, mainly using spraying, electroforming, chemical corrosion.A new technique for the formation of the cavity surface and the fine pattern.It contains:Technology of arc spraying molding.At present, the technology is widely used in aircraft, automobiles, household appliances, furniture, interior mold shoes, art crafts complex surface shape and the pattern fineeach kind of polyurethane products of blow molding, plastic, PVC injection, PU foam and all kinds of injection molding mould;Electroforming technology、To improve the wear resistance and service life, roughness, dimensional accuracy is completely consistent with the type mold manufacturing for injection, blow molding, plastic, soft plastic, bakelite mold, glass mold, die-casting mold and other mold cavity and the electric spark forming electrode;Etching technique for fine pattern forming on the surface of the mold cavity、The main characteristic of this technology is short time, low cost, repair damaged pattern can achieve a seamless heavenly robe. (3) Casting molding technology The common characteristics of casting molding technology is still a benchmark, casting.The surface of the cavity is not required to be machined on the convex and concave die. (4) Extrusion forming technology The use of beryllium copper alloy good thermal conductivity and stability of the solid solution aging treatment.After the cold extrusion is used to make the mold cavity.This technology is using the metal material in the grain refinement, molding temperature, low strain rate, the material has the best superplasticity, will be making good punch, with a small force can be squeezed out of the die of a rapid economic modeling technology. (5) Multi point forming technology The technology of CAD/CAM/CAT technology is the main point of the multi point rapid prototyping technology.In the process of forming the upper and lower forming surfaces with the height adjustable base of the computer control, the modern advanced manufacturing technology of the three-dimensional curved surface forming of the plate material is replaced by the traditional die. This technique can be used to change the deformation path and stress state, improve the forming limit of the material, and can be repeated to eliminate the residual stress in the material. (6) Keviran steel strip blanking die technology It is composed of a single blade steel plate with special new rapid tooling technology economy. This kind of mould is light weight, generally only 200kg, the machining accuracy for + 0.35-0.50mm, sheet metal processing suitable for ferrous and non-ferrous m