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1、綿陽(yáng)專(zhuān)版 PART TWO第二篇 語(yǔ)法突破篇語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題（三）代詞 【中考考點(diǎn)】(1)人稱(chēng)代詞和物主代詞的不同形式及用法。(2)反身代詞和指示代詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。(3)不定代詞和疑問(wèn)代詞的基本用法。 1.分類(lèi)人稱(chēng)代詞有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)、格的變化。詳見(jiàn)下表:考點(diǎn)一人稱(chēng)代詞 me usyou youhimsheit they 2.用法You cannot eat your cake and have it.魚(yú)與熊掌, 不可兼得。Tell him to call back a little later.告訴他過(guò)一會(huì)兒再打電話(huà)來(lái)。 Who gave out the news? 誰(shuí)把消息傳出去的?Its I/me

2、.是我。 【拓展】 (1 )幾個(gè)人稱(chēng)代詞并列時(shí)的次序 (2)it的用法可代替前面提到過(guò)的事物,也可代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。This is a watch. It is new.這是一塊手表,它是新的。指時(shí)間、天氣、距離等。Its eight oclock in the evening.現(xiàn)在是晚上8點(diǎn)鐘。What are you going to do on Sunday?周日你們打算做什么?If it is cool, we will go climbing with our friends.如果天氣涼爽,我們將和朋友去爬山?？纱鎰?dòng)詞不定式作句中的形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ),也可 用于某些固定

3、句式中。Its+adj./n.(+for/of sb.)+to do sth.(it作形式主語(yǔ)) sb. find(s)/think(s) it+adj.+to do sth.(it作形式賓語(yǔ))Take it easy. (it用于固定句式中)放輕松。hard for me the homework on time. 對(duì)我而言,按時(shí)完成作業(yè)是困難的。We think it helpful a walk after supper.我們認(rèn)為晚飯后散步有益。him three days to finish reading the book.讀完那本書(shū)花了他三天時(shí)間。 Its to finishto

4、finishIt took 考點(diǎn)二物主代詞1.分類(lèi)物主代詞是用來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系的詞。物主代詞分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。詳見(jiàn)下表:mineyourshis its 2.用法(1)形容詞性物主代詞不能單獨(dú)使用, 只能用于名詞前作定語(yǔ), 起形容詞的作用。(2)名詞性物主代詞可單獨(dú)使用, 起名詞的作用。名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。This computer is his.=This is his computer.這是他的電腦。注意物主代詞前不能再用a, an, the, this, that等詞來(lái)修飾, 如my book前面不能再加a?！厩蓪W(xué)妙記】 形物不孤單, 且在名詞前;名

5、物單獨(dú)用, 后不跟名詞。 1.分類(lèi)反身代詞表示“某人自己”。詳見(jiàn)下表:考點(diǎn)三反身代詞myself yourselvesitself themselves 2.用法(1)反身代詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ), 和句中的主語(yǔ)相呼應(yīng), 表示主語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者或表現(xiàn)的特征是自己本身。God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。 I am not feeling myself today.今天我感覺(jué)不舒服。(2)反身代詞作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ), 起強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的作用。Mary herself worked out the problem.瑪麗自己解決了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。I want

6、 to see Jim himself.我想見(jiàn)吉姆本人。 3.固定搭配leave sb. by oneself 把某人單獨(dú)留下 隨便吃/喝/用 by oneself 單獨(dú)地 過(guò)得快樂(lè)，玩得開(kāi)心 learn by oneself=teach oneself 自學(xué) 傷害某人自己 help oneself to come to oneself 蘇醒say to oneself 心里想;自言自語(yǔ)make oneself at home 別拘束lose oneself in 沉迷于ook after oneself 保重look at oneself in a mirror 照鏡子enjoy onese

7、lfhurt oneself 1.分類(lèi)指示代詞是表示指示概念的代詞,在句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。指示代詞有:考點(diǎn)四指示代詞 2.用法(1)this, that可用于電話(huà)用語(yǔ)中,this指代自己,that則指代對(duì)方。Hello! This is Jane. 喂!我是簡(jiǎn)。Is that Mike?你是邁克嗎?Who is that?你是誰(shuí)?(2)it, one, that的用法區(qū)別為了避免重復(fù),可以用it, one, that代替上文出現(xiàn)的名詞,具體用法如下:it用來(lái)指上文提及的同一個(gè)事物或前面提及的情況;代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。She enjoyed the story becaus

8、e it was very interesting. 她喜歡這個(gè)故事,因?yàn)樗苡腥?。The food is delicious. I like it very much.食物很可口,我很喜歡。one用于避免重復(fù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。它既可代替事物,泛指同類(lèi)事物中的一個(gè),也可以代替人;其復(fù)數(shù)形式為 ones,其所有格形式為ones, 如save ones life 拯救某人的生命; do ones best盡某人的最大努力。 My sweater is very old. Ill buy a new one.我的毛衣很舊了。我要買(mǎi)一件新的。The green pencils are yours and

9、the red ones are mine. 綠色鉛筆是你的,紅色鉛筆是我的。that可以代替物,但不能代替人。它既可以代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),也可以代替不可數(shù)名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式為those。The population of the city is much larger than that of the town.城市的人口比鎮(zhèn)上的人口多很多。The apples in the box are different from those on the table. 箱子里的蘋(píng)果與桌上的蘋(píng)果不同。 (3)this, that, these, those的用法區(qū)別this和these常指后面將要講到的事

10、物,有啟下的作用;that和those常指前面已經(jīng)講到過(guò)的事物,有承上的作用。I shall say this to you: He is an honest man. 我將對(duì)你說(shuō)這一點(diǎn):他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。He fell ill. That is why he didnt come. 他病了,那就是他沒(méi)來(lái)的原因。He broke the glass, and that cost him five dollars. 他打破了玻璃,那花費(fèi)了他5美元。 1.定義不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞稱(chēng)為不定代詞。不定代詞大多可以代替名詞或形容詞,多數(shù)可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的不定代詞:som

11、e, any, no, none, one, all, every, each, other, another, either, neither, both, many, much, (a) few, (a) little, a lot of, lots of以及some-, any-, no-, every-與-thing, -body或-one構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞?？键c(diǎn)五不定代詞 2.常用的意義相近的不定代詞辨析(1)few, a few, little與a littleHe has friends,but he has good friends. 他有一些朋友,但是他幾乎沒(méi)有好朋友。The

12、res still meat at home, but theres bread. 家里還有點(diǎn)兒肉,但是幾乎沒(méi)有面包了。a few few用法 肯定意義 否定意義代替或修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) a few(幾個(gè),一些) few (幾乎沒(méi)有)代替或修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞 a little(一點(diǎn)兒) little(幾乎沒(méi)有)a little little (2)some與any兩者均表示“一些”,既可以代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),也可以代替或修飾不可數(shù)名詞。some一般用于肯定句,any一般用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句。在疑問(wèn)句中,表示說(shuō)話(huà)人希望得到肯定回答或表示請(qǐng)求、建議時(shí)用some。Would y

13、ou like ? 你想來(lái)點(diǎn)兒茶嗎? Will you please get for me? 請(qǐng)你幫我弄點(diǎn)兒水好嗎?some teasome tea (3)(the) other, (the) others與anotherother泛指“另外的”,不能單獨(dú)使用,后接名詞。others等于“other+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”,泛指別的人或物。the other(+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù))指“兩者中的另一個(gè)”,常用于“one, and the other”結(jié)構(gòu)。the others等于“the other+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”,表示“其余所有的人或物”。another 泛指“三者或三者以上中的另一個(gè)”。 Do you h

14、ave any other ideas?你有別的想法嗎?I have two brothers. is a doctor, and is a teacher. 我有兩個(gè)哥哥。一個(gè)是醫(yī)生, 另一個(gè)是教師。He is always ready to help . 他總是樂(lè)于助人。Five of them are in the classroom.What about ? 他們中有五個(gè)人在教室里。其余的人呢? Dont lose heart.Have try. 別灰心, 再試一次。 One the otherothers the othersanother 【拓展】 以some-和any-開(kāi)頭的復(fù)合

15、不定代詞的用法與some和any的用法一樣。(some和any的用法見(jiàn)上文)修飾復(fù)合不定代詞的形容詞要放在其后。Is there in todays newspaper? 今天的報(bào)紙上有什么重要新聞嗎?復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)視為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。如:Nobody his name. 沒(méi)有人知道他的名字。anything importantknows 反意疑問(wèn)句中需注意:當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是everyone/someone/anyone等時(shí),其附加問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)通常用they;當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是everything/something/anything等時(shí),其附加問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用it。Everyone is here, arent

16、 they? 大家都到齊了,是嗎?Everything is free, isnt it? 一切都是免費(fèi)的,是嗎?everyone/everybody/anyone/anybody只用于指人,不能與of 短語(yǔ)連用;every one和any one既可指人也可指物,常與of 短語(yǔ)連用。Was anyone in the room yesterday afternoon?昨天下午有人在房間里嗎?Now every one of them is having fun picking strawberries on the farm.現(xiàn)在,他們?nèi)荚谵r(nóng)場(chǎng)開(kāi)心地摘草莓。 (6)either與neith

17、er either意為“兩者中的任何一個(gè)”;neither意為“兩者都不”。兩者在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)等。作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Does either of you know where I can buy such a pen? 你們兩個(gè)誰(shuí)知道我在哪兒能夠買(mǎi)到這種鋼筆?Will you go there by bus or by bike? 你坐公交車(chē)還是騎自行車(chē)去那兒?Neither.I will go there by car.都不,我乘小汽車(chē)去。 Who is absent from class today? 今天上課誰(shuí)缺席?No one, sir. 沒(méi)人缺席, 老師。No

18、ne of them is/are in the classroom.他們當(dāng)中沒(méi)有一個(gè)人在教室里。 Tickets for Friday? 星期五的票呢?Sorry, weve got none left. 對(duì)不起, 一張也沒(méi)有了。 (8)many與much many與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)連用;much與不可數(shù)名詞連用。它們?cè)诰渲锌勺髦髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)等。I dont have many friends here.在這里我沒(méi)有很多朋友。They havent got much work to do.他們沒(méi)有多少工作可做。(9)all與both all指“三者或三者以上都”;both指“兩者都”。all和

19、both在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)等。I know all of the four British students in their school.他們學(xué)校的四名英國(guó)學(xué)生我都認(rèn)識(shí)。Would you like this one or that one? 你想要這個(gè)還是那個(gè)? Both.兩個(gè)都想要。 考點(diǎn)六疑問(wèn)代詞 (1)who與whom who可以作句子的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ);whom只能作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。Who put the light out before I finished my homework?誰(shuí)在我做完作業(yè)前把燈熄滅了?Who/Whom do you usually

20、turn to when in trouble?當(dāng)你處于困境時(shí),通常向誰(shuí)求助?(2)what與whichwhat常泛指“哪一類(lèi)”;which常指在具體的范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行選擇。What color do you like?你喜歡什么顏色?Which color do you like better, pink or purple? 粉紅色和紫色,你更喜歡哪一種? 考點(diǎn)過(guò)關(guān)訓(xùn)練.用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Miss Smith put her new dress on, and looked at (she) in the mirror. 2.Is this your sons sweater?

21、No, (he) is on the chair behind the desk. 3.This piece of music can touch not only your heart, but also (I). 4.Last week the students went skating and enjoyed (them) very much. 5.Everyone in our class (study) hard every day. his herself minethemselvesstudies 考點(diǎn)過(guò)關(guān)訓(xùn)練6.Whose book is this?Kates name is

22、on it. It must belong to (she). 7.Tom, believing in (you) is the first step on the road to success. 8.Miss Smith, an American lady, has taught (we) English for three years. 9.Paul went to the bookstore with some friends of (he). 10.My sister has a cat. (it) name is Mimi. youeself herus hisits 考點(diǎn)過(guò)關(guān)訓(xùn)練

23、.句型轉(zhuǎn)換11.Peters bike is under the big tree. (對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn)) is under the big tree? 12.He spent a day finishing the work. (改為同義句) took him a day the work. 13.The blue coat is his. The red coat is his, too. (連成一句) the blue coat the red coat his. 14.Nothing is wrong with him, ? (完成反意疑問(wèn)句) 15.This is my room and thats his room. (改為同義句) This room is and that room is . BothWhose bikeIt to finish areand is itmine his