導(dǎo)桿減速裝置設(shè)計【說明書+CAD+PROE+仿真】
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南京理工大學(xué)泰州科技學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)開題報告
學(xué) 生 姓 名：
楊前輝
學(xué) 號：
0601510161
專 業(yè)：
機(jī)械工程及自動化
設(shè)計(論文)題目：
導(dǎo)桿減速裝置設(shè)計
指 導(dǎo) 教 師:
張慶
2010年4 月4 日
開題報告填寫要求
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畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計（論 文）開 題 報 告
1．結(jié)合畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）課題情況，根據(jù)所查閱的文獻(xiàn)資料，每人撰寫
2000字左右的文獻(xiàn)綜述：
文 獻(xiàn) 綜 述
摘要 機(jī)構(gòu)學(xué)是一門實(shí)用性很強(qiáng)的應(yīng)用科學(xué)，它包括平面機(jī)構(gòu)學(xué)和空間機(jī)構(gòu)學(xué)。其中平面連桿機(jī)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，設(shè)計靈活，在工程實(shí)際中應(yīng)用相當(dāng)廣泛。為了滿足運(yùn)動、受力及結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計上的需要，通過改變其各組成構(gòu)件的形狀及尺寸參數(shù)，改變某些運(yùn)動副的形式或者選擇不同的構(gòu)件作為原動件和機(jī)架，可演變成導(dǎo)桿機(jī)構(gòu)。其中導(dǎo)桿減速裝置就是運(yùn)用導(dǎo)桿機(jī)構(gòu)的原理而制作成的一種減速裝置。
關(guān)鍵詞 機(jī)構(gòu)學(xué) 平面連桿機(jī)構(gòu) 導(dǎo)桿機(jī)構(gòu) 導(dǎo)桿減速裝置
1. 機(jī)構(gòu)學(xué)
機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計通常是機(jī)器設(shè)計的核心和首要環(huán)節(jié)。
按照應(yīng)用力學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)，機(jī)構(gòu)學(xué)可以分為兩個分支：機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動學(xué)和機(jī)構(gòu)動力學(xué)。機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動學(xué)只研究機(jī)構(gòu)中各構(gòu)件的相對運(yùn)動關(guān)系，包括位移、軌跡、速度、加速度等。機(jī)構(gòu)動力學(xué)研究運(yùn)動過程中機(jī)構(gòu)各構(gòu)件的受力及力與運(yùn)動的關(guān)系。除了機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動學(xué)與動力學(xué)兩大分支外，還有一個領(lǐng)域，稱為機(jī)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)理論，它的研究對象是機(jī)構(gòu)的自由度、結(jié)構(gòu)類型、每種機(jī)構(gòu)的種數(shù)[1]。
機(jī)構(gòu)學(xué)研究的問題：
第一類是機(jī)構(gòu)分析，對已有機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行運(yùn)動學(xué)或動力學(xué)的分析計算;
第二類是機(jī)構(gòu)綜合，根據(jù)給定的運(yùn)動學(xué)或動力學(xué)要求，設(shè)計機(jī)構(gòu)簡圖。
機(jī)構(gòu)分為開式機(jī)構(gòu)與閉式機(jī)構(gòu)。
開鏈機(jī)構(gòu)：如串聯(lián)式機(jī)械手。
閉鏈機(jī)構(gòu)：主要有三種，齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)、凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)與連桿機(jī)構(gòu)。由于連桿機(jī)構(gòu)采用低副連接，因而結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，結(jié)實(shí)耐用，不易磨損，適于高速重載。連桿機(jī)構(gòu)種類繁多，變化多端，能滿足各種運(yùn)動要求；連桿機(jī)構(gòu)還有其他機(jī)構(gòu)的理論結(jié)構(gòu)原型，是機(jī)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)理論主要研究對象。同時機(jī)器人、機(jī)械手等開式機(jī)構(gòu)也是低副機(jī)構(gòu)，與連桿機(jī)構(gòu)息息相關(guān)，更推動了連桿機(jī)構(gòu)的發(fā)展[2]。
機(jī)構(gòu)學(xué)是一門實(shí)用性很強(qiáng)的應(yīng)用科學(xué)，大至各種機(jī)器設(shè)備，小至人們生活中的各種器具、電器、日常生活用品以及各種玩具，都可以發(fā)現(xiàn)機(jī)構(gòu)學(xué)原理。一個機(jī)構(gòu)學(xué)問題的解決，有時可以產(chǎn)生很大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益[3]。
機(jī)構(gòu)綜合必須解決兩個基本問題：第一個是機(jī)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)綜合；第二個是機(jī)構(gòu)尺度綜合。
結(jié)構(gòu)綜合可分為型綜合與數(shù)綜合。
型綜合：為了產(chǎn)生某種運(yùn)動，應(yīng)選用什么類型的機(jī)構(gòu)，該類機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)有多少構(gòu)件及哪些類型的運(yùn)動副組成，因此稱為機(jī)構(gòu)的類型設(shè)計。
數(shù)綜合：是一種機(jī)構(gòu)枚舉學(xué)。它研究由一定數(shù)量的構(gòu)件和一定類型的運(yùn)動副能組成一定自由度的運(yùn)動鏈的種數(shù)。目前，機(jī)構(gòu)的選型設(shè)計主要還依靠設(shè)計人員的知識和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了人工智能的專家系統(tǒng)軟件[4]。
尺寸綜合是按照給定的運(yùn)動要求及動力要求，按照已選定的機(jī)構(gòu)類型決定機(jī)構(gòu)簡圖的尺寸，它分為運(yùn)動綜合與動力綜合。
傳統(tǒng)的連桿機(jī)構(gòu)綜合即指尺度綜合，它可歸納為三類問題：剛體引導(dǎo)、函數(shù)發(fā)生和軌跡發(fā)生[5]。
剛體導(dǎo)引問題：是規(guī)定連桿必須經(jīng)過的幾個位置來尋求機(jī)構(gòu)桿件的尺寸。
函數(shù)發(fā)生問題：是要求機(jī)構(gòu)的輸出變量與輸入變量呈規(guī)定的函數(shù)關(guān)系。它們可以產(chǎn)生正弦、余弦、積分等關(guān)系。
軌跡發(fā)生問題：就是要求連桿上的點(diǎn)產(chǎn)生預(yù)期的軌跡。譬如要求一個循環(huán)中的某一段軌跡是圓、橢圓、直線等。
若考慮構(gòu)件的彈性變形及運(yùn)動副間隙的動力影響，則綜合起來更復(fù)雜一些。
2.平面連桿機(jī)構(gòu)
平面連桿機(jī)構(gòu)是由若干構(gòu)件用低副（轉(zhuǎn)動副和移動副）聯(lián)接組成的平面機(jī)構(gòu)，所以又稱為低副機(jī)構(gòu)[6]。它由固定不動的機(jī)架、主動連架桿、從動連架桿和連桿組成。通常，主動連架桿作連續(xù)的勻速運(yùn)動或擺動，從動架桿作連續(xù)的或間歇的變速轉(zhuǎn)動、變速擺動或變速直線運(yùn)動[7]。
平面連桿機(jī)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，設(shè)計靈活，在工程實(shí)際中應(yīng)用相當(dāng)廣泛。為了滿足運(yùn)動、受力及結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計上的需要，通過改變其各組成構(gòu)件的形狀及尺寸參數(shù)，改變某些運(yùn)動副的形式或者選擇不同的構(gòu)件作為原動件和機(jī)架，可將連桿機(jī)構(gòu)的基本形式演化成多種形式，如曲柄搖桿機(jī)構(gòu)、雙曲柄機(jī)構(gòu)、曲柄滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)、擺動導(dǎo)桿機(jī)構(gòu)和移動導(dǎo)桿機(jī)構(gòu)等[8]。各種機(jī)構(gòu)形式的動力學(xué)分析方法相類似，但每一種形式的應(yīng)用場合不盡相同，構(gòu)件動力學(xué)特性有各自特點(diǎn)。
3.導(dǎo)桿機(jī)構(gòu)
導(dǎo)桿機(jī)構(gòu)是由平面連桿機(jī)構(gòu)演化而來的，根據(jù)類型分為: 移動導(dǎo)桿機(jī)構(gòu)和擺動導(dǎo)桿機(jī)構(gòu)。
其中移動導(dǎo)桿機(jī)構(gòu)的傳動特點(diǎn)是當(dāng)曲柄勻速轉(zhuǎn)動時，導(dǎo)桿做變速運(yùn)動。例如插床插刀的運(yùn)動機(jī)構(gòu)，就是利用此原理，使插刀在切削行程運(yùn)動慢，在空回轉(zhuǎn)行程運(yùn)動快，以縮短非工作時間，提高生產(chǎn)效率。而擺動導(dǎo)桿機(jī)構(gòu)的傳動特點(diǎn)是當(dāng)曲柄勻速轉(zhuǎn)動時，導(dǎo)桿做變速擺動。例如在牛頭刨床運(yùn)動機(jī)構(gòu)中的應(yīng)用，其作用與轉(zhuǎn)動導(dǎo)桿機(jī)構(gòu)在插床插刀運(yùn)動機(jī)構(gòu)中的作用相同，但它使刀具作擺動運(yùn)動[9]。
導(dǎo)桿機(jī)構(gòu)廣泛用于各種機(jī)械和儀表中，其主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)有[10]：
1） 導(dǎo)桿機(jī)構(gòu)中的運(yùn)動副都是低副，組成運(yùn)動副的兩構(gòu)件之間為面接觸，因而承受的壓強(qiáng)小、便于潤滑、磨損較輕，可以承受較大的載荷；
2） 導(dǎo)桿構(gòu)件形狀簡單，加工方便，構(gòu)件之間的接觸是由構(gòu)件本身的幾何約束來保持的，所以構(gòu)件工作可靠；
3） 在原動件等速連續(xù)運(yùn)動的條件下，當(dāng)各構(gòu)件的相對長度不同時，可使從動件實(shí)現(xiàn)多種形式的運(yùn)動，滿足不同的運(yùn)動規(guī)律的要求；
4） 利用導(dǎo)桿機(jī)構(gòu)可滿足不同的運(yùn)動軌跡的要求。
導(dǎo)桿機(jī)構(gòu)也存在如下的缺點(diǎn)[11]：
1） 根據(jù)從動件所需要的運(yùn)動規(guī)律或軌跡來設(shè)計導(dǎo)桿機(jī)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，而且精度不高；
2） 導(dǎo)桿機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動是產(chǎn)生的慣性力難以平衡，所以不適用于高速場合。
4.導(dǎo)桿減速裝置
減速裝置是原動機(jī)和工作機(jī)之間的獨(dú)立的閉式傳動裝置，用來降低轉(zhuǎn)速和增大轉(zhuǎn)矩以滿足各種工作機(jī)械的需要[12]。
按傳動和結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)來劃分減速裝置，分為：齒輪減速裝置、蝸桿減速裝置、蝸桿齒輪減速裝置及齒輪-蝸桿減速裝置、行星齒輪減速裝置、擺線針輪減速裝置、諧波齒輪減速裝置，這些都是我們常見的齒輪減速裝置[13]。但是我們可以把導(dǎo)桿機(jī)構(gòu)的特性和減速裝置的特性加以結(jié)合創(chuàng)新，就能設(shè)計出新一種減速裝置 導(dǎo)桿減速裝置。
導(dǎo)桿減速裝置不同于普通的齒輪減速裝置，它結(jié)合導(dǎo)桿機(jī)構(gòu)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，構(gòu)思巧妙，在許多運(yùn)用場合具有特殊的優(yōu)越性[14]。例如印刷機(jī)的推板機(jī)構(gòu)、柴油機(jī)配氣機(jī)構(gòu)中的控速橫臂導(dǎo)桿裝置、導(dǎo)彈發(fā)射器中的移動導(dǎo)桿裝置等，都利用導(dǎo)桿裝置來降低速度，以滿足工作機(jī)械的需要[15]。
本課題要求分析研究導(dǎo)桿減速裝置的運(yùn)動原理，并進(jìn)行對該裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)創(chuàng)新設(shè)計。
這些正是本課題所要研究的內(nèi)容。
參 考 文 獻(xiàn)
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[6]洪允楣.機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計的組合與變異方法[M].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1982
[7] 陳立德.機(jī)械設(shè)計基礎(chǔ)[M]. 北京：高等教育出版社，2000
[8] 孫桓，陳作模、葛文杰.機(jī)械原理[M]. 北京：高等教育出版社，1999
[9] 王世輝.機(jī)械設(shè)計基礎(chǔ)[M]. 重慶：重慶大學(xué)出版社，2005
[10]安子軍.機(jī)械原理[M].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1998
[11]劉遠(yuǎn)行.空間連桿機(jī)構(gòu)的分析與綜合[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1986
[12]余長庚,盧玉明.機(jī)械原理與機(jī)械零件[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1992
[13]榮涵銳，榮毅虹.機(jī)械設(shè)計CAD基礎(chǔ)[M].哈爾濱：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社，1998
[14]張文貴.機(jī)械設(shè)計現(xiàn)代方法[M]. 武昌：華中工學(xué)院出版社，1987
[15]張春林等.機(jī)械創(chuàng)新設(shè)計[M].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1999
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計（論 文）開 題 報 告
２．本課題要研究或解決的問題和擬采用的研究手段（途徑）：
要求：
（1）分析導(dǎo)桿減速裝置的工作原理。
（2）導(dǎo)桿減速裝置的運(yùn)動分析。
（3）導(dǎo)桿減速裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計。
（4）建立導(dǎo)桿減速裝置的三維模型，并進(jìn)行運(yùn)動仿真。
技術(shù)指標(biāo)：
（1）傳遞功率5千瓦。
（2）最大輸入轉(zhuǎn)速800轉(zhuǎn)/分
其研究途徑：
（1）首先分析導(dǎo)桿減速裝置的工作原理、運(yùn)動規(guī)律。
（2）然后根據(jù)技術(shù)指標(biāo)要求進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計。
（3）最后建立導(dǎo)桿減速裝置的三維模型，并進(jìn)行運(yùn)動仿真。
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計（論 文）開 題 報 告
指導(dǎo)教師意見：
1．對“文獻(xiàn)綜述”的評語：
通過“文獻(xiàn)綜述”，說明該生查閱了有關(guān)文獻(xiàn)，對課題的任務(wù)、內(nèi)容和背景有了進(jìn)一步的了解，為課題的展開做好了準(zhǔn)備。文獻(xiàn)閱讀量較充足，“文獻(xiàn)綜述”符合要求。
2．對本課題的深度、廣度及工作量的意見和對設(shè)計（論文）結(jié)果的預(yù)測：
課題涉及導(dǎo)桿減速裝置的運(yùn)動分析和運(yùn)動參數(shù)設(shè)計計算，導(dǎo)桿減速裝置的強(qiáng)度計算和結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計，以及導(dǎo)桿減速裝置的三維建模和運(yùn)動仿真。對學(xué)生從機(jī)械裝置的原理設(shè)計、結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計、三維建模到運(yùn)動仿真有了較全面的訓(xùn)練。課題工作量及難度適中，適合學(xué)生進(jìn)行畢業(yè)設(shè)計。學(xué)生可以完成任務(wù)書所規(guī)定的設(shè)計任務(wù)。
指導(dǎo)教師： 張慶
2010 年 1 月 17 日
所在專業(yè)審查意見：
負(fù)責(zé)人：
年 月 日
本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書（論文） 第 Ⅰ 頁 共 Ⅰ 頁
目 錄
1 引言………………………………………………………………………………… 1
1.1 選題的背景及意義……………………………………………………………… 1
1.2 虛擬建模系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境…………………………………………………………… 1
2 導(dǎo)桿機(jī)構(gòu)的概念及其設(shè)計方法的主導(dǎo)思想……………………………………… 8
2.1 導(dǎo)桿機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)的概念……………………………………………………………… 8
2.2 導(dǎo)桿機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計的基本問題……………………………………………………… 8
2.3 機(jī)械傳動系統(tǒng)的方案設(shè)計………………………………………………………11
3 導(dǎo)桿減速裝置的設(shè)計原理及參數(shù)的確定…………………………………………13
3.1 導(dǎo)桿減速裝置的設(shè)計原理………………………………………………………13
3.2 導(dǎo)桿減速裝置的參數(shù)確定………………………………………………………14
4 導(dǎo)桿減速裝置三維模型的建立……………………………………………………21
4.1 Pro/E 軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)建模功能的概述………………………………………………22
4.2 用Pro/E制作的導(dǎo)桿減速器的零件圖及其總裝配圖…………………………23
5 導(dǎo)桿減速裝置的運(yùn)動仿真…………………………………………………………31
5.1 機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動仿真的流程……………………………………………………………31
5.2 實(shí)現(xiàn)運(yùn)動仿真的關(guān)鍵問題………………………………………………………33
結(jié)束語 …………………………………………………………………………………34
致謝 ……………………………………………………………………………………35
參考文獻(xiàn) ………………………………………………………………………………36
編號
無錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）
相關(guān)資料
題目： 工業(yè)機(jī)器人專用減速器的設(shè)計
信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動化專業(yè)
學(xué) 號： 0923229
學(xué)生姓名： 賁素東
指導(dǎo)教師： 許菊若 （職稱：副教授 ）
（職稱： ）
2013年5月25日
目 錄
一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）開題報告
二、畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文資料翻譯及原文
三、學(xué)生“畢業(yè)論文（論文）計劃、進(jìn)度、檢查及落實(shí)表”
四、實(shí)習(xí)鑒定表
無錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）
開題報告
題目： 工業(yè)機(jī)器人專用減速器的設(shè)計
信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動化 專業(yè)
學(xué) 號： 0923229
學(xué)生姓名： 賁素東
指導(dǎo)教師： 許菊若 （職稱：副教授 ）
（職稱： ）
2012年11月25日
課題來源
導(dǎo)師布置的任務(wù)
科學(xué)依據(jù)（包括課題的科學(xué)意義；國內(nèi)外研究概況、水平和發(fā)展趨勢；應(yīng)用前景等）
（1）課題科學(xué)意義
減速器是各種機(jī)械設(shè)備中最常見的部件,它的作用是將電動機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速減少或增加到機(jī)械設(shè)備所需要的轉(zhuǎn)速, 擺線針輪行星減速器由于具有減速比大、體積小、重量輕、效率高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，在許多情況下可代替二級、三級的普通齒輪減速器和渦輪減速器，所以使用越來越普及，為世界各國所重視。
擺線針輪行星減速器作為重要的機(jī)械傳動部件具有體積小、重量輕、傳動效率高的特點(diǎn)。本設(shè)計在全面考慮多齒嚙合、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)平穩(wěn)、輪齒均載等運(yùn)動學(xué)和動力學(xué)的要求，實(shí)現(xiàn)高承載能力、高傳遞效率、高可靠性和優(yōu)良動力學(xué)性能等指標(biāo)，而且要便于制造、裝配和檢修，設(shè)計了該具有合理結(jié)構(gòu)的擺線針輪行星減速器。
（2）擺線針輪減速器的研究狀況及其發(fā)展前景
擺線針輪傳動較之普通漸開線齒輪或蝸輪傳動的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是：高傳動比和高效率；同軸輸出，結(jié)構(gòu)體積小和重量輕；傳動平穩(wěn)和噪聲低。由于擺線針輪傳動同時嚙合的齒數(shù)要比漸開線外齒輪傳動同時嚙合的齒數(shù)多，因而承載能力較大，嚙合效率要高；還由于擺線輪和針輪的輪齒均可淬硬、精磨，較漸開線少齒差傳動中內(nèi)齒輪的被加工性能要好，齒面硬度更高，因而使用壽命要長；加上擺線輪的加工技術(shù)已經(jīng)過關(guān)，專業(yè)加工設(shè)備齊全，擺線輪已納入專業(yè)通用件，在國內(nèi)已做到通用化批量生產(chǎn)，生產(chǎn)成本下降，因此擺線針輪傳動的減速器當(dāng)前廣為應(yīng)用。擺線針輪減速技術(shù)至今，雖在品種、規(guī)格等方面做了不少改進(jìn)，但再沒有作本質(zhì)、原理上的創(chuàng)新?，F(xiàn)今擺線針輪減速器，其原理和結(jié)構(gòu)還是1926年德國的原型。
研究內(nèi)容
① 了解工業(yè)機(jī)器人的總體設(shè)計的相關(guān)內(nèi)容；
② 熟悉擺線針輪行星減速器的各個部分；
③ 熟練擺線針輪行星減速器的傳動比的計算；
④ 掌握擺線輪行星曲線齒廓形成原理；
⑤ 掌握對擺線輪、針輪及其他只要零件尺寸的計算及校核
擬采取的研究方法、技術(shù)路線、實(shí)驗(yàn)方案及可行性分析
（1）技術(shù)路線：電動機(jī)的選擇及其基本參數(shù)計算；擺線輪材料的選擇；擺線輪、針輪、銷軸尺寸的計算；根據(jù)所得尺寸對零件進(jìn)行校核。
（2）研究方法
研究方法：理論計算、校核、計算機(jī)繪圖；
研究計劃及預(yù)期成果
研究計劃：
2012年11月12日-2012年12月2日：按照任務(wù)書要求查閱論文相關(guān)
2012年12月3日-2013年1月20日：專業(yè)實(shí)訓(xùn)。
2013年1月21日-2013年3月1日：按照要求修改畢業(yè)設(shè)計開題報告
2013年3月1日-2013年3月8日：學(xué)習(xí)并翻譯一篇與畢業(yè)設(shè)計相關(guān)的英文資料
2013年3月11日-2013年3月15日：分析資料，分析比較各種設(shè)計方案。
2013年3月25日-2013年3月29日：總體設(shè)計。
2013年4月8日-2013年4月12日：畢業(yè)論文撰寫和修改工作。
2013年4月29日-2013年5月3日：整理說明書。
2013年5月6日-2013年5月10日：完成設(shè)計說明書。
預(yù)期成果：
1.完成工業(yè)機(jī)器人專用減速器裝置二套（第二，三臂各一套），繪制擺線針輪
減速器裝配圖（兩份）。
2.完成部分零件圖設(shè)計，繪制零件圖4份。
3.完成設(shè)計說明書一份。
特色或創(chuàng)新之處
傳動比大，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，傳動效率高，傳動穩(wěn)定，使用壽命長，與漸開線少齒差行星傳動相比無齒頂相碰和齒廓重疊現(xiàn)象。
已具備的條件和尚需解決的問題
① 理論設(shè)計較為成熟，生產(chǎn)設(shè)備條件能夠得到滿足，材料的選擇能夠滿足要求。
② 制造成本高：擺線針輪行星減速器對材料的要求較高，因而增加了制造成本。
加工工藝復(fù)雜：加工擺線針輪需要專門的加床，對裝配工藝也有較嚴(yán)格的工藝要求。
指導(dǎo)教師意見
指導(dǎo)教師簽名：
年 月 日
教研室（學(xué)科組、研究所）意見
教研室主任簽名：
年 月 日
系意見
主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽名：
年 月 日
英文原文
Mineral product monorail reduction gear synopsis、the main parts of the paper and the research on the noice reducer
First:what is reducer
Reducer is a dynamic communication agencies, the use of gear speed converters, motor rotational speed reducer to the Rotary to be few, and have greater torque institutions.
The reducer role
1) velocity at the same time increase the output torque, torque output ratio by motor output by slowdown, but the attention should be paid to exceed the rated torque reducer.
2) the speed at the same time reduce the inertia load, the inertia of deceleration than reduced to the square. We can look at the General Motors has a value of inertia.
The type of reducer
General helical gear reducer has reducer (including parallel shaft helical gear reducer, a worm reducer, bevel gear reducer, etc.), planetary gear reducer, Cycloid reducer, a worm reducer, a planetary friction CVT mechanical machines.
?Common reducer
1) worm reducer is the main characteristics of a reverse self-locking function, can be larger than a slowdown, input shaft and output shaft axis is not the same, nor in the same plane. But generally larger, transmission efficiency is not high, the accuracy is not high.
2) Harmonic Harmonic Drive reducer is controllable using flexible components to transfer elastic deformation and dynamic movement, not volume, high precision, but the disadvantage is that flexible wheel limited life, impatient shocks, rigidity and pieces of metal relatively poor. Not too high speed input.
3) planetary reducer its comparative advantage is compact structure, the return gap small, high precision, and have a long life span rated output torque can be done great. However, a price slightly expensive, the requirements of parts before assembly
1. Rolling cleaning with gasoline, kerosene other parts cleaning. All parts and Xiangbenna not allowed to have any impurities exist. Gear box and the inner wall (Worm), unprocessed surface has not been coated twice erosion-resistant oil paint, box has the outer surface coated primer and paint color (color requested by host).
2. Parts coated with a face wash after lubricants
Second, the requirements of installation and adjustment
1. Rolling installation Rolling bearing inner ring should be installed at the shaft shoulder close to gap must not pass 0.05 mm thick Cypriot feet.
2. Bearing axial clearance of the clearance can not be adjusted bearings (such as deep groove ball bearings), axial clearance of 0.25 to 0.4 mm; the clearance adjustable bearing axial clearance numerical table. Click Tapered Roller Bearings axial clearance; angular contact ball bearing axial clearance
3. Gear (Worm) meshing tooth space available Cypriot side foot of lead or pressure. Will be lead wire on the alveolar, and then turning gear and squash lead wire, measuring two teeth side was crushed lead wire thickness and the size of which is adjacent teeth.
4. Tooth contact dot cylinder gear tooth contact Dot 2-10-4; bevel gear tooth contact Dot 2-11-4; Gearing contact Dot 2-12-4
Third, seal requirements
1. Box partition between the surface does not allow any pads filled, but can be coated or water glass sealant to ensure that the seal;
2. Assembly, the bolt tightening box, before using 0.05 mm Cypriot-foot inspection Covers Block with me and between the sealing surface;
3. Shaft seal should stretch to smear grease. The seal should be installed in strict accordance with the requirements
Forth, lubrication requirements
1. Rationally determine the types of lubricants and greases and grades
2. Bearing lubrication fat, grease filled in the general Fatliquor space can be 1 / 2 to 2 / 3.
3. Lubricants should be regularly replaced, the new reducer used for the first time, the operation of oil-7 ~ 14 days, according to the situation can be after every 3 to 6 months for first oil.
Fifth, the test requirements
1. Empty operation: at rated speed is, anti-running 1 to 2 hours;
2. Load test: at rated speed, rated load operation, the oil temperature balance to date. On the gear reducer, requested the pool temperature is not more than 35 oC, bearing temperature rise no more than 40 oC; the worm reducer, requested the pool temperature not more than 60 oC, bearing temperature of not more than 50 oC;
3. Entire testing process for the smooth operation, noise, not loosening the fixed link, sealed, not with the
Sixth, packaging and transportation requirements
1. Protruding shaft and its annex should Oiler packaging;
2. Handling, lifting may not use screw rings and lug all of the above technical requirements are not necessarily listed, and sometimes also by other projects, mainly by the specific design requirements.
Seventh. Technical requirements
1. Assembly, all parts cleaning with kerosene, gasoline Rolling cleansing, while the existence of any debris. Oil is not painted wall corrosion coatings twice;
2. Backlash with lead wire mesh test of not less than 0.16 mm, lead wire Backlash may not exceed the smallest of the four times;
3. Used Tu-color dot test. Tooth high point of contact by not less than 40% of contact spots on teeth not less than 50 per cent. Can be used when necessary, grinding or scraping after grinding to improve contacts;
4. Bearing axial clearance should be adjusted: φ40 0.05 - 0.1 mm, φ55 0.08 - 0.15 mm;
5. Test reducer subdivision surface, the contact surface and seal, oil spills are not allowed. Split-Tu allowed to paint or water glass seal and allow the use of any filler;
6. Engine lubricants to the contents N100 provisions height;
Below I introduce our country reduction gear the development present situation
First, the domestic reduction gear many by the gear drive, the worm drive primarily, but has the power and the load ratio generally is small, or velocity ratio great and mechanical efficiency excessively low question.Moreover, in the material quality and the technological level also has many weakness, the large-scale reduction gear question is specially more prominent, the service life is not long.The domestic use large-scale reduction gear (above 500kw), many from overseas (for example Denmark, Germany and so on) imports The 60's start few tooth reduction gears and so on difference transmission, cycloid pin gear transmission, overtone transmission which produces has the velocity ratio to be big, volume small, mechanical efficiency higher merit? .But its transmission theory limit, cannot transmit the oversized power, the power all must be smaller than generally 40kw. Because in the transmission theoretically, the technological level and the material quality aspect has not broken through, therefore, has not been able fundamentally to solve the transmission power in a big way, the velocity ratio big, the volume small, the weight light, mechanical efficiency higher these requests basically.The 90's initial period, the home appears three links (gear) the reduction gear, is one kind of outside stable motion gear drive reduction gear, it may realize the great velocity ratio, transmission load ability is also big. Its volume and the weight are all lighter than the dead axle speed reducer gear, the structure is simple, the efficiency is also high.Because this reduction gear three axle parallel structure, therefore caused the power/volume (or weight) the ratio is still small.Also its input axis and the output shaft on the identical spool thread, this do not have in the use many inconveniently. Not only Beijing Institute of Technology develops in successful " stable motion speed reducer gear " to have outside three link reduction gear merit, but also has the big power/weight (or volume) the ratio, as well as the input axis and the output shaft on identical spool thread merit, is at the domestic leading position.The home has the minority college and the factory and mining enterprise does the research work to in stable motion gear drive certain principles, has published some research paper, in has done some work using the cycloidal tooth crop rotation stable motion reduction gear.
Second, the stable motion speed reducer gear principle of work synopsis, the stable motion speed reducer gear is refers to in a counter gear transmission, a gear in the stable motion generator actuation mean plane parallel motion, meshing through tooth profile between, actuates another tooth crop rotation dead axle to decelerate the rotation, the realization reduction gear function.The stable motion generator may use the parallelogram organization, either sine organization or cross slide organization.This achievement uses the parallelogram organization to take the stable motion generator. The stable motion generator may be the hypothesized use parallelogram organization, also may be the entity use parallelogram organization.Has the practical value stable motion gear mechanism for in counter gear organization, therefore may divide into the internal tooth crop rotation stable motion movement and the external tooth crop rotation stable motion movement two kind of situations.Outside the stable motion gear reduction organization, its internal tooth crop rotation stable motion movement, actuates the external gear and makes the deceleration rotation output.This organization also calls three links (gear) the reduction gear. As a result of the internal tooth crop rotation stable motion, two crank centers establish outside the annular gear tooth ring, therefore its size is not compact, cannot solve the volume major problem.? In stable motion gear reduction, its external tooth crop rotation stable motion movement, actuation internal tooth crop rotation deceleration rotation output.As a result of the external tooth crop rotation stable motion, two crank centers can establish in the external gear tooth ring, reduced the organization overall size greatly. Because in stable motion gear mechanism transmission efficiency high, volume small, input output coaxial line, therefore by widespread application prospect.
Third, this project technical characteristic and key technologies? 1. this project technical characteristics, in this new " stable motion speed reducer gear " and domestic and foreign had the speed reducer gear compares, has the following characteristic: (1) velocity ratio scope is big, gets up from I=10, may reach most greatly several thousand.If manufactures the great velocity ratio the reduction gear, then demonstrates this reduction gear the merit.(2) transmission power scope is big: And may connect a body manufacture with the electric motor. (3) structure simple, the volume small, the weight is light.Reduces about 1/3 compared to the existing speed reducer gear.(4) mechanical efficiency is high.95 (5) this reduction gear input axis and the output shaft are on the identical spool thread.This reduction gear see Table 1 with other reduction gear performance comparison. Because lacks the data, various reduction gears power/load ratio which in the table arranges in order is most superior.? Table 1? Each kind of reduction gear comparison model power (kw) reduction gear ratio quality (kg) QI-450? 93 31.5 1820 ZSY-250? 95 31.5 540 NGW-92 88.1 31.5 577 SEW (Germany)? 90 28.61 1300 NP-100? 100 30 400 Note: NP-100 is in the stable motion speed reducer gear, the SEW reduction gear quality contains the electrical machinery.2. this project key technologies? May know by Figure 2, in “stable motion speed reducer gear " is by annular gear Z2, external gear Z1 and the parallelogram organization combination becomes.Its transmission principle is: The electrical machinery input rotary motion, the external tooth crop rotation parallel migration, its center of circle path is a circle, makes the dead axle rotation with it meshing annular gear. Because external tooth crop rotation parallel migration, therefore name stable motion gear mechanism.The gear parallel migration needs to have the auxiliary body help realization, may use (6~12) to sell the axis, the roller takes the hypothesized auxiliary stable motion organization, also may use the eccentric shaft to take the entity auxiliary stable motion organization.In the stable motion speed reducer gear key technologies and the essential craft are the composition parallelogram component size computation and the request processing precision, the gear teeth main parameter choice. These factors will all affect the transmission ability and the transmission quality.Overall speaking, the group cost reduction gear various spare parts all request to have the high precision, they will be deciding the reduction gear overall transmis3. this project survey this project has obtained the Chinese practical new patent, the patent number: ZL95227767.0? .? This project trial produced the first prototype from 1995 (power 2.5kW, after velocity ratio I=32), with some factory and mine cooperation, has one after another designed following several kind of different powers, the different velocity ratio reduction gear.(1) electrically operated on rollers gate uses the reduction gear, power 550W, velocity ratio I=26, is united as one body with the electrical machinery.sion quality. (2) mixer uses the reduction gear, power 370W, velocity ratio I=17.(3) some military goods use two kind of reduction gears, one kind of power 370W, velocity ratio I=23.5; Another kind of power 370W, velocity ratio I=103 two level of transmission reduction gear.(4) steel mill large package rotary abutment reduction gear, power 7.5kw, velocity ratio I=64.(5) steel mill table reduction gear, power 7.5kw, transmission I=11. In this patent foundation, has developed one kind of new ultra-large reduction gear, the power may reach 1000kw, at present is developing subminiature (outlook size for a millimeter level) miniature reduction gear.
Graduation design task
First, a design
Monorail Driver Design reducer
Second, the design of the original data
1 Monorail drive reducer Power Rating: 7.5 KW;
2 Monorail reducer drive the total transmission ratio: 15 around;
3 Monorail reducer drive car driven by the side of the output shaft from the race distance of not more than 200 mm;
4 Monorail reducer drive the total length of less than 420 mm, the width is not more than 450 mm and the total height of not more than 690 mm;
Third, the equipment and the working environment
This can be used to mine underground, open-air, dust, humidity, air quality, bad comparison bad work environment, and the operational requirements of a safe space.
Fourth, the design requirements
To meet the application requirements under the premise that the minimum cost of manufacturing.
From the following aspects considered;
(L) to streamline the shape of each parts, machinery simple structure;
?? ?(2) merge the functions of spare parts, reducing the types or quantities of spare parts;
?? (3) Application of the new structure, new technology, new materials, product reliability;
?? (4) decomposition components, its assembly, the assembly of the most simple structure;
??? (5) similar to parts of the division;
??? (6) standards for similar products by product serial number sequence analysis;
??? (7) The realization of the common parts of the product and standardization.
??? (8) assembly equipment design a map (0), the Six Parts (3), the design specification of a (not less than 30,000 words), and the design of technical and economic analysis.
GEAR AND SHAFT INTRODUCTION
In the force analysis of spur gears, the forces are assumed to act in a single plane. We shall study gears in which the forces have three dimensions. The reason for this, in the case of helical gears, is that the teeth are not parallel to the axis of rotation. And in the case of bevel gears, the rotational axes are not parallel to each other. There are also other reasons, as we shall learn.
Helical gears are used to transmit motion between parallel shafts. The helix angle is the same on each gear, but one gear must have a right-hand helix and the other a left-hand helix. The shape of the tooth is an involute helicoid. If a piece of paper cut in the shape of a parallelogram is wrapped around a cylinder, the angular edge of the paper becomes a helix. If we unwind this paper, each point on the angular edge generates an involute curve. The surface obtained when every point on the edge generates an involute is called an involute helicoid.
The initial contact of spur-gear teeth is a line extending all the way across the face of the tooth. The initial contact of helical gear teeth is a point, which changes into a line as the teeth come into more engagement. In spur gears the line of contact is parallel to the axis of the rotation; in helical gears, the line is diagonal across the face of the tooth. It is this gradual of the teeth and the smooth transfer of load from one tooth to another, which give helical gears the ability to transmit heavy loads at high speeds. Helical gears subject the shaft bearings to both radial and thrust loads. When the thrust loads become high or are objectionable for other reasons, it may be desirable to use double helical gears. A double helical gear (herringbone) is equivalent to two heli
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