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1、1 English Summary1. The electromagnetic spectrumGammaRays X-Rays Ultraviolet V Infra-red Micro-waves Radio-waveslongshort Wave length380nm violet-blue780nm deep-red 2 2. Law of Rectilinear propagationLight as it advances through free space or through homogeneous, isotropic matter follows a beeline.

2、(a direct straight course).Example: Shadows 3 3. The Law of ReflectionA light ray striking a reflecting surface and reflected from it makes equal angles with the normal to the surface at the point of incidence, I=-Iand the incoming ray, the outgoing ray, and the normal to the surface at the point of

3、 intersection all lie in the same plane. 4 4. The Law of RefractionThe angle made by the incident ray, that made by the refracted ray, and the surface normal at the point of incidence in a refractive process obey the expression nsinI=nsinIThe incident ray, the refracted ray, and the surface normal a

4、re all coplanar. 5 5. Total Internal ReflectionnormalIncident ray Refracted rayDenser mediumRarer mediumCritical angleSurface 6. Fermat principleLight takes the path that requires the least time. 6 7. Key words and conceptImage space extends from infinity on one side to infinity on the other. The sa

5、me holds for the object space; both completely overlap. Whether a given point is in the object space or the image space depends on whether it is part of a ray before or after refraction. If a given point is in the object space, it is a point object, otherwise it is a point image. 7 Homework1. In anc

6、ient times the rectilinear propagation of light was used to measure the height of objects by comparing the length of their shadows with the length of the shadow of an object of known length. A staff 2m long when held erect casts a shadow 3.4 m long, while a buildings shadow is 170 m long. How tall i

7、s the building? 2. Light from a water medium with n=1.33 is incident upon a water-glass interface at an angle of 45 o . The glass index is 1.50. What angle does the light make with the normal in the glass?P12 42) the microscope is used for visual observation.P140-3&6 56 Supplementary materials1. Dig

8、ital cameraA/D MPU內(nèi) 存 LCDPC卡接 口成 像 物 鏡 CCD 數(shù) 碼 相 機 的 成 像 過 程 工 作 原 理顏 色 的 形 成分 色 棱 鏡覆 蓋轉(zhuǎn) 輪指 標 像 素 數(shù)顏 色 深 度 57 Supplementary materialsR G R G R G R GG B G B G B G BR G R G R G R GG B G B G B G BR G R G R G R GG B G B G B G BR G R G R G R GG B G B G B G B R G B G B G B GG R G B G R G BR G B G R G B GG

9、 R G B G R G BR G B G R G B GG R G B G R G BR G B G R G B GG R G B G R G BBAYER編 碼 三 色 編 碼 58 HomeworkClassification of camera lenses:1)Tessar camera lens (most widely used) 2) Telephoto lens3) Wide-angle lens, fisheye lens ,sky lens4) A zoom lensP140-5&7 59 Brief history of laserThe word LASER is a

10、n acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. In 1916, Einstein predicted that the existence of equilibrium between matter and electromagnetic radiation required that besides emission and absorption there must be a third process, now called stimulated emission. 60 This predi

11、ction attracted little attention until 1954, when Townes and coworkers developed a microwave amplifier (Maser) .In 1958, Schawlow and Townes showed that the maser principle could be extended into the visible region.In 1960, Maiman built the first laser using ruby as the active medium. Brief history

12、of laser 61 Compared to radiation from other sources, laser radiation stands out in several ways. It has a particular beam shape and divergence. It is highly coherent, both spatially and temporally. It is eminently suited to produce interference. Special characteristic 62 Often it is polarized as so

13、on as it leaves the laser cavity. It can be generated in the form of very short pulses, at high powers and because of its high spatial coherence, at very high power densities. Special characteristic 63 Keywords and concept1. OTF (Optical Transfer Function)It is the ratio of the Fourier transform of

14、the light distribution in the image to the Fourier transform of the light distribution in the object.It is used to describe the degradation of an image of different space frequencies. OTF=MTFe i 64 2. MTF (Modulation Transfer Function)It is the ratio of the modulation in the image to modulation in t

15、he object.It varies as a function of spatial frequency.A perfect lens should have a modulation transfer factor of a unity at all frequencies. In fact, MTF is close to unity at low space frequencies, and declines at higher frequencies. Keywords and concept 65 3. PTF (Phase Transfer Function)It varies

16、 as a function of spatial frequency.A perfect lens should have a phase transfer factor of 0 at all frequencies. In fact, PTF is close to 0 at low space frequencies, and increases at higher frequencies. Keywords and concept 66 4. Spatial frequencyIt refers to the number of lines within a given length. The higher the spatial frequency that a given optical system can resolve, the better the system is.5. Time frequency6. Rayleighs criterion Keywords and concept