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1、 回到原文,能夠在短文中畫出解題根據(jù)是正確解題的關(guān)鍵,更是閱讀理解不丟分的保證。獵人有句行話,叫“不見兔子不撒鷹”,各位考生要謹(jǐn)記,在做閱讀理解時(shí)要做到“不見依據(jù)不做題”。理由充分,依據(jù)鑿實(shí),這是不僅“知其然”,而且“知其所以然”的超高或境界,是閱讀水平提高的最大見證。那么如何能快速準(zhǔn)確回到原文找到根據(jù)呢? 信息定位的兩種方法 1.關(guān)鍵詞定位法 這里的關(guān)鍵詞并不一定是中心詞,而是在理解題干所問之后,在題干中能幫助你迅速回到原文的“特征詞”。它在原文出現(xiàn)的頻率很少(多為一次)。常見的關(guān)鍵詞有人名、地名、序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)、時(shí)間、數(shù)字等。 2.自然段定位法 即命題者往往按照信息點(diǎn)在文中出現(xiàn)的先后來依次
2、命制各個(gè)小題,也就是說,各題的答案信息常常在短文中依次出現(xiàn),排在后面的小題,文中對(duì)應(yīng)的信息點(diǎn)也在后面。例如,第1題往往位于一二自然段,第2題會(huì)在第1題的答案信息之后且與第一題的位置最接近,第3題會(huì)在第2題的答案信息之后,往往在文中較為中間的地方,而第4題則位于文中較后的位置。最后一題(偶爾可能是第一題)一般是主旨題(包括給文章加標(biāo)題、歸納寫作目的),這時(shí),可能涉及全文內(nèi)容。 經(jīng)典例題1. We can infer that the writer . A. liked playing beads when he was a childB. liked doing exercise to help
3、 build his skillsC. wasnt quite willing to play with his sonD. didnt allow his son to eat much chocolate 解析:C 從題干中無法找到特征詞,但可根據(jù)“自然段定位法”,即命題的順序性原則,本題第一題,應(yīng)從第一段讀起,當(dāng)讀到由第二段I was getting tired, my anxious mind, Damn時(shí), 由此可推知, 作者不是很樂意同他兒子玩珠子,故選C。 2. The underlined phrase “go for a toss” probably means .A. be
4、 ruined B. be forgottenC. become cheerful D. become relaxing解析: A 由劃線本身可知定位在二段,且在第一題答案信息點(diǎn)之后。由本句的主謂搭配,及上文可知,“我今天整個(gè)上午就被浪費(fèi)了或毀掉了”,故選A。若是上午“被忘記”“變得快樂”“變得令人輕松的”與getting tired, anxious mind, Damn不符。 3. When the writer was a kid, he_.A. hated thinking of the past B. failed to enjoy every momentC. was crazy
5、about doing sports D. often associated cricket with happiness 解析:B 從題干中劃出關(guān)鍵詞a kid,從第二題之后的第三段開始尋讀,當(dāng)讀到第四段第一句I thought of myself as a kid when可知到命題信息點(diǎn)了,接著讀到第二句If I was not playing, I was unhappy可知,作者并沒有很好地享受每一時(shí)刻,故選B。 閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。1. By saying “Language is the tool of my trade”, the aut
6、hor means that _.A. she uses English in foreign tradeB. she is fascinated by languagesC. she works as a translator D. she is a writer by profession即學(xué)即用 D. 推斷隱含意義。有畫線,定位已十分清楚,信息點(diǎn)在第一段。理解字面意義:Language is the tool of my trade(語言是我的職業(yè)工具);根據(jù)后一句不明顯,我們往前找,找到第一句話I am a writer(我是一名作家),隱含意義:我是職業(yè)作家,所以語言是我的職業(yè)工具。
7、 2. The author used to think of her mothers English as _.A. impolite B. amusing C. imperfect D. practicalC. 作者態(tài)度題。本題問“作者曾認(rèn)為母親的英語是什么樣的”,在題干中找出關(guān)鍵詞或特證詞my mother,尋讀,在第二段第一句找到,順著讀下去,會(huì)有“broken” English, limited English, just as bad等字眼;對(duì)照各選項(xiàng),只有C(不完美的)正確。 3. Which of the following is TRUE according to Parag
8、raph 3?A. Americans do not understand broken English.B. The authors mother was not respected sometimes.C. The authors mother had positive influence on her.D. Broken English always reflects imperfect thoughts. B. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題問“下面哪句話與第三段內(nèi)容相符”,因題干中有Paragraph 3,定位十分明顯,在第三段。由本段最后一句pretended not to understand
9、 her 可知,排除A;選項(xiàng)C無信息支持,并與本段所述事實(shí)相反,應(yīng)排除;雖然文中有she expressed them imperfectly her thoughts were imperfect,但前面有I believed (我原以為),特別有always,更加可以確定,選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò);由peopledid not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her可知,作者的母親有時(shí)沒有受到尊重
10、,選B。 4. The author gradually realizes her mothers English is _. A. well structured B. in the old style C. easy to translate D. rich in meaningD. 細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題干問“作者漸漸意識(shí)到母親的英語是什么樣的”,根據(jù)命題的順序性原因,答案信息應(yīng)在第四段,即最后一段。由該段最后一句可知,母親的語言含有豐富的意義。 5. What is the passage mainly about?A. The changes of the authors attitude
11、to her mothers English.B. The limitation of the authors perception of her mother.C. The authors misunderstanding of “l(fā)imited” English.D. The authors experiences of using broken English. A. 主旨概括題。由開始對(duì)母親語言的批判到最后認(rèn)為母親語言的意義的豐富性, 反應(yīng)了作者對(duì)母親的英語的看法的轉(zhuǎn)變,故選A。選項(xiàng)B“作者對(duì)母親的英語的看法的局限性”,只是利用文中出現(xiàn)的只言片語的組合,與文章內(nèi)容毫不相符;選項(xiàng)C“作者對(duì)有限英語的誤解”范圍過寬;選項(xiàng)D“作者使用蹩腳英語的經(jīng)歷”只是利用了broken English的字眼,與文章內(nèi)容不符。