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情景交際,Ⅰ. 社會交往 一、問候 1. 基本用語: 1) 見面問候： Good morning. Hello/Hi. … 2) 代向某人問候： Best wishes/ regards to sb.＝give one’s regards to sb. ＝give one’s best regards to sb.,知識梳理,3) 替某人向……問好： say “Hi/ Hello” to sb. from sb. ＝give one’s regards to sb. Please remember me to. 回答：I will. Thanks.,4) —How do you do? (初次見面) —How do you do? —How are you? (比較熟悉的人) —Fine, thank you. And you? /Very well, thank you. —How are you getting along with.? —Everything is fine! —How are you doing? —I’m just great!,—How is everything? —Very well, thank you! —How is your vacation/ holiday/ weekend? —Not bad! —What’s up? —Couldn’t be better, thank you! —What’s going on? —Just so-so.,,2. 注意要點： 1) “How are you?”用于詢問對方的身體情況，可根據(jù)實際情況回答，如：Fine/Very well, thank you. (very) good不能用來表示身體健康。假如身體確實不太舒服并想讓對方知道，不妨說“Not too well, I’m afraid.”,2) 對于不認(rèn)識的人，想要他(或她)停下的說法：Hey, Sir/ Madam！或Just a moment, Sir/ Madam. 3) 與英美人見面寒暄時，不應(yīng)問及他(或她)的年齡、婚否、收入等個人隱私情況。,二、介紹 1. 基本用語: 1) This is Mr/ Mrs/ Miss/ Ms/. May I introduce you to.? I’d like you to meet. 2) How do you do? Nice/ Glad/ Pleased to see/meet you. Nice meeting you. 3) My name is. I’m a. (student/ teacher，etc.) May I know your name?,,2．注意要點: 1) “Nice to meet you.”與“Nice to see you.”有一點區(qū)別：前者是初次見面被人介紹相識后的寒暄用語(認(rèn)識你很高興)；后者與前者在意思上相同，但是用于熟人之間一段時間未見面后再次相遇。兩者回答用語與問候語相同。 2) “Nice to meet you.”表示初次見面時的問候，而“Nice meeting you.”則是初次見面告別時的用語。,三、告別 1．基本用語: 1) 直接的告別語有： Goodbye/ Bye-bye/Bye！ See you (tomorrow)！See you later! Farewell! Good night. 2) 委婉的告別語有： I’d like to say goodbye to everyone. I’m calling to say goodbye.,,I’m afraid I must be leaving/ off now. I think it's time for us to leave now. 3) 其他帶有祝愿以及叮囑等意義的告別 語： I’ll look forward to seeing you soon. Let’s hope we’ll meet again. Hope to see you again. Drop in anytime you like.,2．注意要點: 告別前通常要說一兩句客套話，如：I’m afraid I must be off/ going now. 長久告別時，還可同時表達(dá)希望今后多聯(lián)系 (Keep/ Get in touch.)、要對方保重身體 (Take care.)、問候?qū)Ψ郊胰?Please send my best regards to your family.)等。,四、感謝 基本用語: 1) 感謝用語： Thank you very much． Thanks a lot. Many thanks. Thanks for. It’s very kind of you to.,I appreciate your help. Thank you all the same. It’s most thoughtful of you. I don’t know how to express my thanks.,2) 答語： Not at all. That’s all right/ OK. You’re welcome. It’s really nothing. Don’t mention it.,五、道歉 1. 基本用語: 1) 道歉用語： I’m sorry. I’m sorry for/ about. I’m sorry to do. I’m sorry to have done. Excuse/ Pardon me (for.) Please forgive me for. sb. be afraid that. What a pity/ shame! It’s a pity that.,2) 答語： It is not important. It’s quite all right. Never mind. It doesn’t matter (at all). Not at all. It’s nothing. That’s nothing. Please don’t worry. It’s nothing to worry about. Don’t mention it. That’s okay. Don’t let it bother you.,2．注意要點: 1) “Excuse me”常用于下列情形：需要打斷別人談話或工作時；有求于他人時；因故需要暫時離開時；就某事表示不同意見時；自己的言行將會影響他人時。(即：在說或做可能令人不悅的事情之前使用以引起別人注意) 打擾別人為“勞駕”；請求別人讓路、向別人問路、打聽消息意為“對不起，請問……”。回答時說：Yes?,2) “Sorry.” 說話人做了錯事或無意中與別人發(fā)生沖撞時于事后向他人表示歉意；可表示因不能滿足他人要求而表示歉意。 3) “I beg your pardon?”表示聽話人未能聽清楚他人所說的話，希望說話人重復(fù)所說的話時的禮貌用法，“麻煩再說一遍”。 4) “I’m sorry to hear it/that.”則是對說話者本人或近親屬已經(jīng)發(fā)生的不幸表示遺憾。,,六、邀請 1．基本用語: 1) Would you come to.? Would you like to.? I’d like to invite you to. 2)Yes, I’d love/be glad/happy to(.)． I’ll be glad to. Of course. Yes, it’s very kind/nice of you. Yes, great. Sure. Yes, with pleasure. 3) I’d love to, but. I’m sorry, but I can’t.,2. 注意要點: 1) 接受他人邀請時通常還要表示一下感謝： Yes, I’d love to. Yes, it’s very kind/ nice of you. Yes, with pleasure. 2) 如果是稍有保留地接受，可這樣說： I will if I can. It’s very kind of you to invite me, but I’m not sure if I can come.,,3) 拒絕他人的邀請一般不直接說No，而要婉言謝絕(通常會說明理由)，并要聲明自己是愿意接受“邀請”的，但因某種原因不能接受，并表示歉意或感謝。常用： I’d like to, but I’m too busy. I really enjoy it, but I’ve got to go now. I wish I could accept your invitation, but I’m afraid I don’t have time to go. Thank you for your kindness, but I’ve got an appointment at that time.,七、祝愿和祝賀 基本用語： 1) Best wishes to you! I wish you good health. Good luck! Good luck with. Wish you success！May you success/succeed! 2) Merry Christmas！ 3) Congratulations (on.)！Well done! 4) Enjoy your vacation！Enjoy your stay in China.,八、提供幫助 基本用語： 1) 提供幫助： Can/Could/Shall I help you? What can I do for you? Is there anything (else) I can do for you? Would you like to.? Can you do me a favor?,2) 接受幫助： That would be nice/fine. That's very kind of you. Thank you for your help. Yes, please. Here, take this/ my.,九、打電話 1. 基本用語: Hello！May I speak to.? Hello！Is.in? May/Could I speak to.? Is that. (speaking)? Hold on, please. Hello, who is it/that? He /She isn’t here right now. Can I take a message for you? This is. speaking.,2. 注意要點: 代接電話的人叫某人接電話時，先對打電話的人說：Hold on, please. Just a minute, please. 然后叫人接電話：You are wanted on the phone. There’s a call for you.,十、就餐 基本用語: What would you like (to have).? Would you like something (to eat/drink)? Help yourself to some. Let me give you. Make yourself at home. I’d like. A cake/ Two eggs, please. Yes, please. Just a little, please. I’ve had enough. I’m full, thank you. No, thanks.,Can I have the bill, please? It’s my treat this time. I’ll pay. Let’s go Dutch this time. Waiter! The bill, please.,十一、就醫(yī) 聽到自己的親人、朋友或熟人等談到有關(guān)身體健康的問題時，如“I think I have a bad cold.”如果是朋友，回答“I’m sorry to hear that.”或“You’d better see a doctor.”如果是說給醫(yī)生聽，醫(yī)生需用“Take it easy.”來回答。 1) 醫(yī)生詢問病人的用語： What’s the matter with you？ What’s wrong with you?,2) 病人應(yīng)答語： There’s something wrong with my back. I have a headache/ My head aches. I have got a cough. I have got a pain here. It hurts here and there. I don’t feel well today.,3) 醫(yī)生診斷、提建議及安慰用語： Let me take your temperature. It’s nothing serious. You had better ask for a leave and have a rest for a few days. Drink more water and have a good rest. Take these pills 3 times a day.,十二、提醒注意 Don’t forget your raincoat. Remember to lock the door. Make sure that all the windows are closed. No Smoking! No Spitting! Look out! Be careful! Wet floor! Don’t touch! It’s dangerous! Keep off! Wet paint!,十三、建議與勸告 以建議或者勸告的形式要某人做一件事，不同于直接命令，因為說話人只是提出建議，而把做與不做的決定權(quán)留給聽話人。 對于他人提出的建議和忠告，若認(rèn)為可以接受，要表示贊賞或感謝。在拒絕對方的建議時，一般要給出理由。,基本用語： 1) I advise you (not) to. You’d better (not). I suggest that you (should). Why not.? Why don’t you do.? How/ What about doing.? Shall we.? Let’s.,2) Yes, I suppose so. Yes, but don’t you think.? That’s great. That’s a good idea. Why not? 3) That’s impossible, but thank you all the same. It’s not our fault. I’m afraid I can’t do that. I’m afraid I can’t follow your advice.,Ⅱ. 情感 一、高興 I’m glad/ pleased/ happy to. That’s nice/ wonderful/ great. How wonderful/nice! 二、驚奇 Really?/ Is that so? Oh dear！/My God！Good heavens!/ Thank Goodness！ I can hardly believe my ears/ eyes.,三、憂慮 What’s wrong？ What’s the matter (with you)? Is there anything wrong? Oh, what shall I do? We were all anxious about.,四、滿意 Good！Well done！Perfect! That’s fine. That’s better. That’s good enough. I’m pleased with… 五、遺憾 I’m so sorry！It’s a great pity！ What a shame! That’s too bad! I wish I had never given it up. If I had been there, he would not have made such a serious mistake.,六、同情 I’m so sorry! I’m so sorry about your illness. I’m sorry to hear you are going away. Please accept my deep sympathy.,Ⅲ. 態(tài)度 一、同意與不同意 當(dāng)對方提出某種觀點、意見或請求時，要表示恰當(dāng)而具體的態(tài)度。要有明確答復(fù)。 1. 同意： Certainly/ Sure/ Of course. All right. Yes, I think so. That’s true. Good! Excellent! What a good idea! It couldn’t be better. That’s a good idea. It’s a good idea that. I agree(with you). That’s the right thing to do.,2. 不同意： No, I don’t think so. I’m afraid not. I’m afraid I (really) can’t agree with you. It’s not very nice. I don’t think that is a good idea. Personally, I feel that it’s unwise. What a terrible idea！No way！,二、肯定與不肯定 對某件事情的真實性是否肯定、是否有把握，在英語中常用sure，certain，doubt等詞或may，might，must等情態(tài)動詞表達(dá)。may，might具有試探性，must表示一種邏輯推斷的必然。此外，為了增強(qiáng)客氣的口吻，表示不肯定時可以伴隨一些表示遺憾、擔(dān)憂或歉意的表達(dá)方式。,三、可能與不可能 He may. It is possible that. It is likely that. He is not likely to do/ that. It looks as if/ though it might rain later. It appears to me that we’ll have to go on foot. I doubt that. That’s/ It’s quite impossible. It’s very unlikely. That’s hardly possible. That’ll never happen.,四、偏愛與愛好 Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? I prefer tea to coffee. prefer to do rather than do prefer doing to doing I’d like to go by train. My favorite subject is physics. I’d rather drink coffee than tea.,五、意愿與打算 當(dāng)希望別人做某事或者不愿意讓別人做某事，或者表達(dá)自己的一種希望、愿望時需要恰當(dāng)用詞，這樣才能準(zhǔn)確地傳達(dá)自己的意圖。 I’m going to. I will. I would like to. I feel like. I (do not) wish/ want/ hope to. I wish that. I intend/ mean/ plan to.,I’m ready to. I would rather not tell you. I would do it if I should have the chance. If only I could see him.,六、征求或表達(dá)意見 在表明自己對事物的判斷時，好壞要明確，是非要分明。尤其在對方干得比較出色時，要多加鼓勵。如Well done！Good job！Quite perfect！等。 如果要陳述自己的某些觀點時，英語中一般要使用一些較委婉的短語，如：in my opinion, as I see it, so far as I know, personally speaking等。,交際用語的考查點相對集中。主要考查社會交往中的一些日常交際用語。以應(yīng)答為主，提問為輔； 以跨文化交際中差異明顯的交際項目為重點考查對象。 1. 考查習(xí)慣應(yīng)答語。問候、告別、打電話、問路、看病、購物、感謝、道歉、祝愿、請求等常見的交際話題均有其較為固定的套語。用英美人的思維方式，遵循習(xí)慣進(jìn)行回答。常見回答用語主要有以下幾個方面：,考點歸納,1) 常用于接受或拒絕請求、邀請的應(yīng)答用語有：With pleasure./ Yes, help yourself./ No problem./ Good idea./ Sorry, but…/ I’d rather you…/ Thank you, but…/ No way./ Forget it.等。 2) 常用于感謝的應(yīng)答用語有：That’s all right./ You are welcome./ Don’t mention it./ It is my pleasure (My pleasure)./ Not at all.等。,3) 常用于道歉的應(yīng)答用語有：Never mind./ It doesn’t matter./ Not at all./ That’s all right./ That is nothing.等。 4) 常用于祝愿和祝賀的應(yīng)答用語有：Good luck!/ Best wishes to you!/ Have a nice time!/ Congratulations!/ Merry Christmas!/ Thank you./ The same to you.等。,2. 考查文化差異語。漢語和英語在交際文化方面有許多共同之處，但也存在諸多差異。這些差異往往是考查的重中之重。避免母語交際定式的干擾，根據(jù)英語的文化交際習(xí)慣來應(yīng)答是掌握文化差異的關(guān)鍵。,3. 考查語言結(jié)構(gòu)語。根據(jù)不同的交際情景，說話者會采用不同的交際用語來表達(dá)自己的態(tài)度和情感。當(dāng)說話人對剛剛提出的說法或意見持肯定態(tài)度時，可以說：Yes，I think (suppose, believe) so./ Yes, I’m afraid so. 對剛剛提出的說法或意見持否定態(tài)度時，則說：No，I don’t think (suppose) so./ No, I don’t believe so./ No, I believe (suppose) not./ No, I hope not./ No, I am afraid not.,1. —Reading is the best way to pass time on the train. —________. I never go travelling without a book. A. You are joking B. That's true C. I don‘t think so D. It sounds like fun,B,2. —I'm sorry for breaking the cup. —Oh, ________—I've got plenty. A. forget it B. my pleasure C. help yourself D. pardon me 3. —________！Somebody has left the lab door open. —Don't look at me. A．Dear me B．Hi, there C．Thank goodness D．Come on,A,A,4. —Is Anne coming tomorrow? —________．If she were to come, she would have called me. A．Go ahead B．Certainly C．That's right D．I don't think so 5.—How about dinner tonight? It's on me. —________． A. You are welcome B. Oh, I'd like to C. Well, I'm afraid so D. That's all right,D,B,6. —I am going to Spain for a holiday soon. —________. A. It's my pleasure B. Never mind C. Leave it alone D. Good for you 7. —Could I use this dictionary? —________. It's a spare one. A. Good idea B. Just go ahead C. You're welcome D. You'd better not,D,B,鞏固練習(xí),—I’m sorry, Sir. I got stuck in the heavy snow on the way to work this morning. —____ you were so late. It is none of your business. A. Go ahead B. Forget it C. No wonder D. No way 解析：go ahead “繼續(xù)”; forget it “沒關(guān)系; 算了”; no wonder “難怪”; no way “沒門”。,2. —You know what? I am going to Shanghai on a free trip this weekend. —____. A. Good for you! B. It is none of my business. C. You must have been cheated. D. So what? 解析：Good for you! 你真行! It is none of my business這不關(guān)我的事; You must have been cheated你肯定被騙了; So what? 那又怎樣?,3. —My father is in hospital again. —____. I hope he’ll recover soon. A. It’s OK B. Sorry to hear that C. All right D. Don’t mention it 解析：Sorry to hear that聽到那件事我很難過; It’s OK/All right好的; Don’t mention it別客氣。,4. —Will you complete the task in time? —Sure, I will. ____. A. Everything is possible B. But it’s too hard C. No matter what will happen D. Though it’s a piece of cake 解析：此處答語部分相當(dāng)于Sure, I will complete the task in time, no matter what will happen。No matter what will happen是一個讓步狀語從句。,5. —It took me twenty years to build up my business, and it almost killed me. —Well, you know what they say. ____. A. There is no smoke without fire B. Practice makes perfect C. All roads lead to Rome D. No pains, no gains 解析：“花了我二十年時間成就事業(yè), 費了不少勁”可知, 另一方則表達(dá)了觀點“不勞無獲(No pains, no gains)”。,6. —Do you enjoy the seafood here? —____, but I’ve got used to it anyway. A. Can’t like it better B. Not really C. Not bad actually D. I’m really sorry,7. —It’s been raining for a whole week. I think it’ll get fine soon. —____. We are getting into the rainy season now. A. Yes, it will B. Of course not C. It’s possible D. It’s hard to say 解析：一方認(rèn)為“天很快會轉(zhuǎn)晴”, 另一方則表示一種“不肯定”的看法: 很難說。,8. —Do you mind if I open the door? —____. I feel a bit cold. A. Of course not B. I’d rather you didn’t C. Go ahead D. Please close it 解析：考查回答Do you mind if. . . 的用語。根據(jù)I feel a bit cold可知, 此處表示“我寧愿你別開”。故選B。,9. —It was announced that another student in our school had won the first prize for China High School Chemistry Olympiad. —Oh, really? ____ He must have put a lot of work into it. A. That sounds fine. B. That’s quite something. C. That’s a good point. D. Get a move on. 解析：That’s quite something. 表示對上面所說情況的贊揚和肯定, “真了不起”。,10. —I’m not good at table tennis, you know. —____. We’re playing for fun. Just try and you’ll see you can do it. A. Well, it depends. B. Take your time. C. Come on! D. That’s OK. 解析：A “好的, 看情況而定”; B “別著急”; C “(用于鼓勵他人)來吧”; D “好的”。,