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1、 一、賓語從句(一) 賓語從句指在主從復(fù)合句中用作賓語的從句。本單元主要學(xué)習(xí): (一) that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,that 只起引導(dǎo)詞作用,不充當(dāng)句子成分,也沒有詞義,且通常可以省略。 We think (that) he will help us.我們認為他會幫助我們。 He said (that) he was good at English.他說他擅長英語。 (二) if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句if 和whether意為“是否”,一般可以互用,在從句中只起連接作用,不作任何句子成分。從句多是一般疑問句或選擇疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化而來。I dont know if/whet

2、her they will come tomorrow.我不知道他們明天來不來。Please make sure if/whether there is a flight leaving for Shanghai.請弄清楚是否有飛往上海的航班。 下列幾種情況通常使用whether,不用if:(1 )在具有選擇意義又有or或or not時,尤其是直接與or not連用時,往往用whether。 No one can exactly know whether or not it is sunny tomorrow.沒有人確切地知道明天是否是晴天。(2 )在介詞之后用whether。 Were ta

3、lking about whether the plan is good enough.我們正在討論那個計劃是否足夠好。(3)在 不 定 式 前 用 whether。He can t decide whether to go for a holiday in the south or not.他 不 能決定 是 否 去 南 方 度 假 。 二、感嘆句 感嘆句用來表示贊美、驚訝、喜悅、悲傷、痛苦等情緒, 常帶有強烈的感情色彩,一般用what或how引導(dǎo)。 (一) what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句1 .What +a (n)+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)(+主語+謂語)! What a new watch it is

4、! 多么新的一塊手表啊!2 .What+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(+主語+謂語)! What strange ideas they have! 多奇怪的主意啊!3 .What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞(+主語+謂語)! What good news! 多好的消息啊! (二) how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句1 .How+形容詞/副詞(+主語+謂語)! How beautiful these flowers are! 這些花多漂亮啊! 2 .How+主語+謂語! How time flies! 時光飛逝/時間過得真快啊! .單項填空1.(2015廣東中 考 ) So far,Sun Bingtian is the on

5、ly Chinese who finished the 100-meter race in less than 10 seconds. _he runs! A.How slow B.How fast C.What a slow D.What a fast提示:考查感嘆句。句意為“到目前為止,孫炳添是唯一的一個在1 0秒內(nèi)跑完1 0 0米的中國人。”“他跑得多快啊!”, 故選B。 .單項填空2.(2015恩 施 中 考 ) Can you tell me your bike this Sunday? A.that I can borrow B.whether can I borrow C.whe

6、ther I can borrow提示:考查賓語從句的用法。句意為“你能告訴我這個星期天我可以借你的自行車嗎?”。賓語從句只能用陳述語序,排除B。引導(dǎo)表示一般疑問含義的賓語從句,要用連接詞if或whether,故選C。 .單項填空3.(2015涼 山 中 考 ) The news reported that the rainstorm was in the area last night. Yes. bad weather it was! A.What a B.How a C.What D.How 提示:考查感嘆句。句意為“新聞報道昨天晚上這個地區(qū)下了大暴雨。”“是呀。多么糟糕的天氣呀!”,故

7、選C。 .單項填空4.(2015婁底 中 考 ) nice day today! Yeah,lets take a walk outside.A.What a B.What C.How提示:考查感嘆句的用法。句意為“今天天氣多么好啊!”“是啊,讓我們出去散步吧”。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知day是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),故選A。 .單項填空5.(2015樂山 中 考 ) Hello,this is Dick.Can I speak to Peter? Hold on,please.Ill see hes in. A.as soon as B.if C.until提示:考查賓語從句。as soon as一就;if是

8、否,如果;until直到為止。由上文句意“請稍等”可推測下文句意為“我看一下他是否在家”,故選B。 .單項填空6.(2015濟寧 中 考 ) Wow! beautiful the music is! Yes.Thats my favorite. A.What B.What a C.What an D.How提示:考查感嘆句。what感嘆名詞,how感嘆形容詞或副詞,beautiful是形容詞,故選D。 .單項填空7.(2015衡陽中 考 ) terrible news! Three of us didnt pass the exam. A.What B.How C.What a 提示:考查感嘆

9、句的用法。句意為“多么糟糕的消息!我們?nèi)齻€都沒考及格”。news為不可數(shù)名詞,故選A。 .單項填空8.(黔東南 中 考 ) I dont know or not. Neither do I.You may ask his teacher. A.whether he is at school B.if he is at schoolC.that he is at school D.whether is he at school提示:考查賓語從句。句意為“ 我不知道他是否在學(xué)校。”“我也不知道。你可以問問他的老師”,故選A。 .句 型轉(zhuǎn)換9.(2015黔 西 南 中 考 ) “Do you wat

10、er the flowers?” my father asked me.(改為賓語從句 )My father asked me I the flowers.10.(2015綏化 中 考 ) Are you doing the dishes? He asked the lady.(合并為一個句 子 ) He asked the lady was doing the dishes. wateredif/whetherif/whether she 細節(jié)理解題解題技巧 Canada Day Since 1982,July 1st has been officially known as Canada

11、Day.Canadians of all ages take part in this festival across the country. Canada Day is the year s biggest national party.In many towns and cities,the government organizes a lot of events,often outdoors.These include parades,concerts,festivals,firework displays and ceremonies for new Canadian citizen

12、s(公 民 ). The celebrations often have a patriotic mood.Canadas national flag,a symbol for Canada Day,can be seen everywhere and a lot of people paint their faces red and white,which are Canadas national colors.The celebrations in Ottawa,Canadas capital city,are especially grand and exciting. In the p

13、rovince of Quebec,many home rentals(租 賃 )start on July 1st and last for exactly one year,and many people in Quebec spend Canada Day moving from one house to another.So in Quebec,Canada Day is also known as Moving Day. Many organizations,businesses and stores are closed this day.Only some bookstores,

14、hospitals and gas stations may be open.Post offices are closed,too.As Canada Day falls in the Canadian summer holiday period,all schools are closed as well.In some areas,special services are provided for large events.The concerts,parades and festivals may cause some traffic jams.【詞匯積累 】 parade游 行 ce

15、remony儀式 mood心 情 be known as作為 而 著 名 1.The underlined word “ patriotic” means “ ” in Chinese.A.溫馨 的 B.愛國的 C.肅穆 的 D.緊張的提示:考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)文中“Canadas national flag,a symbol for Canada Day,can be seen everywhere and a lot of people paint their faces red and white,which are Canadas national colors.”可知,他們應(yīng)該是愛國的

16、,故選B。 2.The word “ jams ” probably means “ ” in Chinese. A.擠死 B.關(guān)上 C.擁擠 D.松開提示:考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)背景和常識判斷,可能引起交通擁擠,故選C。 任何一個詞語,在一定的上下文中只能表示一個確定的詞義。據(jù)此,我們可以盡可能地利用上下文來猜測詞義,即從已知推求未知,也就是用我們所熟悉的詞或短語來猜測我們不熟悉的詞的詞義。猜測詞義時,我們可以從以下幾個方面來考慮:1.根據(jù)定義或解釋猜測詞義;2.根據(jù)情景和邏輯進行判斷;3.根據(jù)并列或同位關(guān)系猜測詞義;4.根據(jù)背景和常識判斷。 對于這種題目也可以采取“代入法”,即將供選答案逐一代

17、替畫線部分的單詞或短語,看看哪一個答案能使句子的意思通順連貫,且與上下文的內(nèi)容一致。那么,那個選項就是該題的正確答案。 中考詞義猜測題常見的提問方式有:Whats the meaning of the underlined word “ ”?The expression “ ” in Paragraph means The underlined word “ ” in the passage means The word “ ” in Paragraph can best be replaced by The underlined word “ ” most probably means in

18、 Chinese.By saying “ ”,the author means The expression “ ” is closest to According to the passage,the phrase “ ” suggests The underlined part “ ” (in Para. ) means 此類題型有逐漸增加的趨勢,尤其是猜測單詞、詞組、句意題。個別猜測詞組、句意題涉及題材背景、句子結(jié)構(gòu)、文章主旨、作者的觀點態(tài)度等。聯(lián)系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答這類題的關(guān)鍵。近幾年中考閱讀理解的生詞率略有上升,加大了猜測力度。命題者著重考查考生利用同義或反義關(guān)系、構(gòu)詞法、語

19、法和語篇文脈等理解生詞的能力。 中考詞義猜測題命題趨勢:1.要求根據(jù)閱讀材料所提供的信息,結(jié)合我們應(yīng)有的常識和經(jīng)驗,正確判斷生詞或詞組的含義或成熟詞在特定語境中表達的具體含義以及一些句子的意思。2.要求猜測詞義的詞一般為實詞及其詞組,通過構(gòu)詞、定義、對比、因果、聯(lián)想、上下文等線索確定生詞的具體含義。 ：中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日端午節(jié)即將到來,請你寫一篇短文向外國朋友簡要介紹一下端午節(jié),內(nèi)容包括:1 .端午節(jié)的傳統(tǒng)食物及傳統(tǒng)活動;2 .端午節(jié)的來歷;3 .我們要保留傳承傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日的意義。 ：中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日【思路點撥】交代主題 The Dragon Boat Festival is coming.介紹 Mos

20、t of us will have dinner觀點總結(jié) We must try our best to keep our traditional festivals. ：中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日 【 重 點詞匯】 寫出 下 列 短語 1.我們中 的 大 多數(shù) 2.在 那 天 3.例 如 4.把 扔進 5.首 先 first of allthrow into such as on that day most of us 【重點句型】根 據(jù) 漢 語 意 思 完 成 下 列 句 子1 .我們會與父母一起吃粽子。We will with our parents. 2 .總而言之,我們必須盡力保持我們的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日

21、。 ,we must our keep our traditional festivals. enjoy the rice dumplingsIn a word try best to 【單元參考句型】We have zongzi on that day.During the festival,peopleChinese traditional festivals have different meanings. The Dragon Boat Festival is coming.Now it has become a bank holiday.What can we do on that

22、day?Most of us will have dinner with our family.We also enjoy the rice dumplings together.We eat them in order to remember the famous poet Qu Yuan.On that day,there are so many activities,such as dragon boat races,throwing the rice dumplings into the water.Why do we keep the traditional festivals?Fi

23、rst of all,Chinese traditional festivals are special to everyone.Second,they have different meanings.In a word,we must try our best to keep our traditional festivals. 名師點評 作者按照提示要求向我們展示了端午節(jié)人們的主要活動以及傳統(tǒng)食物,還告訴了我們端午節(jié)的來歷紀念偉大的詩人屈原,在文章結(jié)尾處發(fā)出倡議,傳承我們的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日,文章層次清晰,語言流暢,結(jié)構(gòu)合理,語言在使用上獨具匠心,如設(shè)問句的應(yīng)用,引發(fā)讀者的思考與共鳴,還有短語(如s

24、uch as,first of all,in order to及try ones best to do sth.)的應(yīng)用,增添了文章的色彩。 這是一篇提綱式作文,內(nèi)容與日常生活聯(lián)系緊密,是喜聞樂見的話題之一,只需按照要點提示做到表達準(zhǔn)確就是一篇合格的文章,要注意行文流暢,可適當(dāng)添加關(guān)聯(lián)性詞語,另外要進行觀點總結(jié),表達出希望保留和傳承中華傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日的愿望。 根 據(jù) 短 文內(nèi)容 回 答 下 列問題(眉 山 中 考 )One of the biggest festivals for Chinese people is the Mid-Autumn Festival.It is a good chanc

25、e for Chinese families to get together and enjoy delicious foods.On this special day,everyone will eat mooncakes.They play an important role during the festival.Mooncakes are round in shape.They signify family reunions and best wishes.That s why people in China buy and send mooncakes during the Mid-

26、Autumn Festival.There are different kinds of mooncakes.Let s see some new kinds of mooncakes.Ice-cream mooncakeThe ice-cream mooncake is made of ice-cream.Although the festival is in mid-autumn,the weather often stays a little warm,so many people enjoy eating ice-cream mooncakesespecially kids.Healt

27、hy food mooncakeThe healthy food mooncake is good for people s health.It is made of many healthy ingredients.Naliang mooncake This is the newest kind of mooncakes.The Naliang mooncake is made of green beans and tea.Both of them have a cooling effect on the body. 【詞匯積累】 signify預(yù)示 reunion團聚;(親友等的)聚會 b

28、e made of由制成 1 .Is the Mid-Autumn Festival one of the biggest festivals for Chinese people?2 .How many kinds of mooncakes are mentioned in the passage?3 .According to the passage,whats the weather often like in mid-autumn?4 .What kind of mooncakes is the newest?5 .Whats the Naliang mooncake made of? Yes,it is.Three.A little warm.The Naliang mooncake.Green beans and tea.根 據(jù) 短 文內(nèi)容 完 成 下 列 各題 From day wear non-hero, not being jealous is mediocrity. 不受天磨非好漢，不遭人妒是庸才.