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1、Section Learning about Language & Using Language 課前自主預(yù)習(xí) .重點(diǎn)單詞1_ vt.降低，跌落；減弱low adj.低矮的2_ adj.熟的，成熟的，時(shí)機(jī)成熟的ripeness n成熟，老練ripen v(使)成熟3_ n灌溉irrigate v灌溉4_ n線，細(xì)繩，一串5_vt.推遲，延遲6_ n紀(jì)念碑monumental adj.豐碑式的7_ vt.& vi.腐爛；腐敗lowerripeirrigationstringpostponemonumentrot 8_ vt.& vi.發(fā)展；進(jìn)展；進(jìn)化evolution n演變；進(jìn)化evoluti

2、onism n進(jìn)化論；進(jìn)化說(shuō)9_ vt.縛上，系上；附加10_ adj.典型的，有代表性的typicality n典型性，特征typically adv.代表性地 11._ adj.精巧的；脆弱的；微妙的delicately adv.巧妙地；細(xì)致地12_ adj.芬芳的，香的fragrance n香味；芬芳evolveattachtypicaldelicatefragrant 13_ n氣味；香味；臭味odourless adj.無(wú)氣味的14_ adj.不鮮明的；陰暗的dully adv.蕭條地；不景氣地15_ adj.發(fā)霉的；有霉味的16_ adj.果味的；(酒)有葡萄味的odourdull

3、mustyfruity .重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1_導(dǎo)致2_進(jìn)入另一個(gè)(活動(dòng))階段；前進(jìn)；傳給后代3_依靠；取決于4_發(fā)出(氣味、熱等)；分發(fā)result inpass ondepend ongive out .重點(diǎn)句型1There was not much room _.2We were dirty and had long beards，for we had no fresh water _and we didnt shave at all.3For example，yellow flowers attract bees，_ red flower attract butterflies.4Usually

4、 the nectar is at the end of a small，narrow tube _ length is the same as the tongue of a particular species.left for the crewto wash inwhilewhose 課內(nèi)研析探究 ripe adj.(1)成熟的Soon ripe，soon rotten.諺早熟早爛，喻早慧早衰。This fruit isnt ripe yetwe cant eat it.這水果還沒(méi)有熟，我們不能吃。 (2)準(zhǔn)備好的；適宜的This field is ripe for sowing.這塊地

5、已適合于播種了。(3)發(fā)展完好的ripe judgment成熟的判斷力(4)大膽的a rather ripe joke過(guò)于大膽的笑話 ripeness n成熟，老練be ripe for的時(shí)機(jī)成熟；準(zhǔn)備就緒；適于The time is ripe for reforming the education system.改革教育體制的時(shí)機(jī)已經(jīng)成熟。 postpone vt.延期；延緩；擱置We postponed the match from March 5th to March 19th.我們把比賽從3月5日推遲到3月19日舉行。She postponed getting married beca

6、use of her career.由于事業(yè)她延緩了結(jié)婚。postpone doing sth.延期做某事 monument n紀(jì)念建造物；紀(jì)念碑(與to連用)This pillar is a monument to all those who died in the civil war.這根紀(jì)念柱是為所有那些在國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中犧牲的人所建的紀(jì)念碑。the Monument to the Peoples Heroes人民英雄紀(jì)念碑 需要跟to表示“的”的名詞還有：the key to sth.的鑰匙或關(guān)鍵the access to sth.的通道或使用方法the entrance to sth.的入

7、口 result in造成；導(dǎo)致The earthquake resulted in thousands of deaths.這次地震造成了成千上萬(wàn)人的死亡。These policies resulted in many people suffering hardship.這些政策使得許多人在困苦中掙扎。result from(因)發(fā)生；(隨)發(fā)生lead to導(dǎo)致contribute to導(dǎo)致，促成 evolve v逐步發(fā)展；逐漸演變；進(jìn)化；進(jìn)化形成After billions of years，some species evolved into their present forms.幾十

8、億年之后，一些物種才演變成了它們現(xiàn)在的形式。Each school must evolve its own way of working.每個(gè)學(xué)校必須形成自己的辦學(xué)方式。 evolve from sth.由某物/從某物進(jìn)化而來(lái)evolve into sth.逐漸形成某物evolution n進(jìn)化；演變evolutionary adj.進(jìn)化的，演變的The three species evolved from a single ancestor.這三種生物從同一祖先進(jìn)化而來(lái)。 attach v把固定；把附(在上)；認(rèn)為有重要性，重視I attach a copy of my notes for

9、your information.我附上一份筆記供你參考。I attach great importance to this research.我認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)研究十分重要。 (1)attach sth.to sth.把某物附在某物上attach importance to sth.認(rèn)為某物有重要性attach oneself to sb.和某人纏在一起；纏著attach to sb./sth .和某人/某物有關(guān)聯(lián)(2)attachment n依戀；附件attached adj.依戀的；依附的Please attach a recent photo to your application form.

10、請(qǐng)?jiān)谏暾?qǐng)表上貼一張近期照片。 typical adj.典型的；具有代表性的；象征性的It is typical of him to take hard jobs.搶挑重?fù)?dān)是他的特點(diǎn)。AIDS typically takes about 10 years to appear.艾滋病通常需要大約十年才顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)。typicality n典型性，特征typically adv.代表性地，作為特色地 pass on進(jìn)入另一個(gè)(活動(dòng))階段；前進(jìn)；傳給Read the newspaper，and then pass it on.讀完報(bào)紙后，往下傳。pass sth.on to sb.將某物傳交給某人pass

11、 away去世pass by走過(guò)，經(jīng)過(guò)pass sth.down從一代傳給下一代pass out昏倒，失去知覺(jué)pass through經(jīng)過(guò)，經(jīng)歷 She said shed pass the message on to the other students.她說(shuō)她會(huì)把口信傳給其他學(xué)生。The old man has passed through lots of sufferings.這位老人飽嘗了辛酸。 depend on(1)依賴Children must depend on their parents.孩子們必須依賴他們的父母。(2)信任，相信You can depend on his h

12、onesty.你可以相信他的誠(chéng)實(shí)。(3)決定于Whether we will go outing depends on the weather.我們是否外出取決于天氣。It all depends.要看情況而定。 give out (1)分發(fā)Give the money out to the children.把錢分給孩子們。(2)用完，用盡Our food supply at last give out.我們的食物終于用完了。His strength gave out.他已精疲力竭。 (3)公布，宣布；發(fā)表；發(fā)出It was given out that he was dead.他的死訊已經(jīng)

13、公布。The radio is giving out a signal.這收音機(jī)發(fā)出了一種信號(hào)。 .單句語(yǔ)法填空1The land was _(ripen) for industrial development.答案：ripe2Lets postpone _(make) a decision until we have more information.答案：making3We are _(postpone) our trip until the weather grows warmer.答案：postponing 4Their arrival will be _(delay) because

14、 of heavy traffic.答案：delayed5Some customs have died out but some will pass _for some time.答案：on6I nearly passed _when I saw all the blood.答案：out7The tradition has been passed _from father to son for generations.答案：down 8I have read the_(evolve) theory written by Darwin.答案：evolutionary9Eventually I g

15、ave _and accepted the job on their terms.答案：in10My money was beginning to give _and there were no jobs to be found.答案：out .完成句子1Weve grown very_(依戀) this house and would hate to move.答案：attached to2My parents always _(非常重視) my getting a good education.答案：attach great importance to3This painting is f

16、airly_(典型的) of his early work.答案：typical 4Its a _(典型地) British bureaucratic response.答案：typically5If he _(依靠) tourism for his business，he would have to close his shop.答案：depended on There was not much room left for the crew. 沒(méi)有給全體隊(duì)員留下足夠的空間。left在句中作后置定語(yǔ)，在一般情況下單個(gè)的形容詞和分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，要放在被修飾詞的前邊，但也有些形容詞和分詞必須放在后邊

17、作定語(yǔ)；也有些可前可后，但意義不同。We have five remaining books.(remaining只能是前置定語(yǔ))。我們剩下了5本書(shū)。 All people present at the meeting are students.(present作為“出席的，在場(chǎng)的”時(shí)只能是后置定語(yǔ)。)出席會(huì)議的所有人員都是學(xué)生。The present problem is how to get there.(present作為“目前的，現(xiàn)在的”時(shí)，只能是前置定語(yǔ))目前的問(wèn)題是如何去那兒。如果是短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，要放在被修飾詞的后邊。The girl referred to is a friend

18、of mine.剛才提到的那個(gè)女孩是我的朋友。The building being built is our school.正在建設(shè)的建筑物是我們的學(xué)校。 We were dirty and had long beards，for we had no fresh water to wash in and we didnt shave at all.我們身上很臟，胡子很長(zhǎng)，因?yàn)槲覀儧](méi)有淡水洗澡，也根本不刮胡子。to wash in作定語(yǔ)修飾其前面的名詞water。因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)we與動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，所以動(dòng)詞不定式采用主動(dòng)形式。She usually has a lot of meeti

19、ngs to attend.她通常有許多會(huì)議要參加。 注意：當(dāng)不定式被用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，若句中有其表示的動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，應(yīng)用不定式的主動(dòng)形式；若沒(méi)有動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，則用被動(dòng)形式。I will go shopping.Do you have anything to be bought?我要去購(gòu)物。你有什么要(我為你)買的嗎？ For example，yellow followers attract bees，while red flowers attract butterflies.例如：黃花吸引蜜蜂，而紅花吸引蝴蝶。句中while為并列連詞，連接兩個(gè)分句，意為“而，然而”，表示對(duì)比或轉(zhuǎn)折。while位于

20、兩個(gè)分句之間。Some people waste food while others havent enough.有些人浪費(fèi)糧食，然而有些人卻吃不飽。 while也可作從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)以下從句：(1)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”，此時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)通常是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。Mary watched TV while she had supper.瑪麗邊吃飯邊看電視。He caught a cold while (he was) on vacation.他度假時(shí)患了感冒。 (2)表示讓步，通常位于句首，意為“盡管；雖然”。While I agree with your reasons，I cant all

21、ow it.盡管我同意你的理由，但我不允許這樣做。(3)表示條件，意為“只要”，其意思和用法相當(dāng)于as long as。while可位于句首，也可位于句中。There will be life while there is water and air.只要有空氣和水，就有生命。 Usually the nectar is at the end of a small，narrow tube whose length is the same as the tongue of a particular species.花粉通常在狹小的花管子的一段，其長(zhǎng)度與特定花粉傳播者的舌頭相當(dāng)。關(guān)系代詞whose

22、表示“的”，是關(guān)系代詞who和which的所有格，因此既可指人，也可指物。在從句中，whose作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞，被修飾詞可以是從句的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)。 They cleaned the house whose windows faced south.(修飾從句的主語(yǔ))他們把那所窗戶朝南的房子清掃了。The gentleman，with whose daughter I worked，looked down upon women.(修飾從句的介詞賓語(yǔ)daughter)那位先生看不起婦女，他的女兒曾經(jīng)跟我一塊工作過(guò)。 完成句子1Weve collected a large quantity of

23、_(舊書(shū))答案：used books2The story _(一個(gè)中學(xué)生寫(xiě)的) is popular in schools.答案：which was written by a middle school student3There is little _(剩余時(shí)間)；you must hurry.答案：time left 4Every day Ive got lots of things _(處理)答案：to deal with5It was an exciting moment_(記住)答案：to remember6They made a plan_(組建) a club for car fans.答案：to set up7他就是我昨天借用他鋼筆的那個(gè)男孩。He is the boy _yesterday.答案：whose pen I borrowed 8上個(gè)月，中國(guó)東北部分地區(qū)遭受洪水襲擊，現(xiàn)在那些地區(qū)的人們?nèi)匀辉馐芎樗绊懼唷ast month，parts of northeast China were struck by floods，_the people are still suffering.答案：from whose effects 謝謝觀看！