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1、Unit 2 Working the land Ⅰ.閱讀理解 [2017·安徽淮南二模] Do Peru's potatoes have the right stuff？That's the question scientists will be asking in Lima next month，when a selection of potatoes will begin undergoing tests to determine whether they are fit to grow on Mars. NASA，the US space agency，is conducting

2、 the pioneering experiment together with Lima's International Potato Center. They will cultivate a hundred selected varieties in Mars-like conditions that could eventually pave the way for building a dome on the Red Planet for farming the vegetable.Of the selected candidates,40 are native to the An

3、des Mountains，conditioned to grow in different ecological zones，can stand sudden climate changes and reproduce in rocky areas.The other 60 are improved varieties，able to survive with little water and salt.They are also immune to viruses.Those that pass the tests must meet a final criterion—they must

4、 be able not only to grow well on Mars but also reproduce in large quantities.“We're almost 100 percent certain that many of the selected potatoes will pass the tests，” said Julio Valdivia Silva，a Peruvian NASA astrobiologist (太空生物學(xué)家) who is taking part in the ambitious project.The scientists plan

5、to transport 100 kilos of soil to a lab in Lima that will simulate the complex Martian atmosphere—which contains mostly carbon dioxide—and expose it to extreme ultraviolet (紫外線的) radiation.If the varieties selected for next month's experiment don't adapt to the desert soil，the researchers will intro

6、duce nutrients，which will be provided by radiation. In future years，NASA plans to build a Mars research center in the Peruvian desert.It would create a perfect copy of the Martian landscape and atmosphere for future research into space farming that could serve manned missions to Mars and other plan

7、ets in the solar system. 1．What is the best title of the passage? A．Transport potatoes to Peru. B．Determine the varieties of potatoes in Peru. C．NASA is to build a Mars reseach center in Peru. D．NASA is to simulate growing potatoes on Mars in Peru. 2．According to the third paragraph，which of t

8、he following statements is TRUE? A．Forty kinds of potatoes can survive with little water and salt. B．Many types of potatoes to be planted on Mars are developed in Peru. C．Sixty varieties native to the Andes Mountains can stand sudden climate changes. D．The final criterion is that all the candida

9、tes are immune to viruses on the earth. 3．What if the selected varieties don't adapt to the desert soil in Peru? A．Astrobiologists will be sent there to help. B．Nutrients will be provided to plants by radiation. C．A Mars research center will be built for further study. D．100 more kilos of potat

10、oes will be directly sent to Lima. 4．The passage may be in the________column of China Daily. A．science B．sports C．tourism D．entertainment 答案：[解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)]本文為新聞報(bào)道。美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局(NASA)將與國(guó)際馬鈴薯研究中心聯(lián)手，進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)開(kāi)創(chuàng)性實(shí)驗(yàn)。 1．D　解析：主旨大意題。通讀文章可知美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局(NASA)計(jì)劃與國(guó)際馬鈴薯研究中心聯(lián)手，進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)開(kāi)創(chuàng)性實(shí)驗(yàn)，即在秘魯培育可在火星上種植的土豆。故答案為D項(xiàng)。 2．B　解析：事實(shí)

11、細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句They will cultivate a hundred selected varieties in Mars-like conditions that could eventually pave the way for building a dome on the Red Planet for farming the vegetable.可知B項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)第三段中的The other 60 are improved varieties，able to survive with little water and salt.可排除A項(xiàng)；根據(jù)第三段中的Of the sel

12、ected candidates. 40 are native to the Andes Mountains，conditioned to grow in different ecological zones, can stand sudden climate changes and reproduce in rocky areas.可排除C項(xiàng)；根據(jù)第三段中的Those that pass the tests must meet a final criterion－they must be able not only to grow well on Mars but also reproduc

13、e in large quantities.可排除D項(xiàng)。 3．B　解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句If the varieties selected for next month's experiment don't adapt to the desert soil，the researchers will introduce nutrients，which will be provided by radiation.可知答案為B項(xiàng)。 4．A　解析：推理判斷題。本文介紹的是美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局(NASA)將與國(guó)際馬鈴薯研究中心聯(lián)手，進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)開(kāi)創(chuàng)性實(shí)驗(yàn)，屬于科普類(lèi)文章，故答案為A項(xiàng)。 Ⅱ

14、.閱讀填空 [2017·河北衡水中學(xué)期末] Tips to Ease Migraines If you've ever experienced migraine headache，you know that it's no walk in the park.Migraines are a very painful type of headache，and often felt on one or both sides of a head.Some people experience migraines every now and then，while others get them m

15、ore than once a week.__1__Although they are not dangerous to life，migraines can seriously affect one's ability to function throughout the day.Here are four tips for easing migraines. 1.Learn to manage.Migraines are often caused by stress，so try not to get stressed out easily.Avoid using the compute

16、r for too long and going to bed late at night.Learning stress management techniques can reduce and even prevent the pain of a migraine headache.__2__If you prefer to practice relaxation at home，then try lying down on your bed or sofa and closing your eyes.Take slow，deep breaths and focus on relaxing

17、 each muscle group one at a time until you feel relaxed every single muscle in your body. 2．Use ice massage (按摩)．Another solution is the “ice massage”．Put your fingers into ice-cold water and then press your temples (太陽(yáng)穴 ) until the pain decreases.__3__ 3．Drink lots and lots of water.You can also

18、get migraines if your body lacks water.Avoid dehydration by staying out of the sun and drinking plenty of water throughout the day.Carry a water bottle with you.__4__ 4．__5__When you have a migraine，lights and sound can sometimes be your worst enemy.Close your curtains，turn out the lights，and remem

19、ber to turn off the TV. A．Add a few drops of peppermint (薄荷) oil for an even stronger effect. B．Create a dark space to rest. C．But never drink coffee，tea，or soda，for these may cause migraines. D．But never wear headphones for too long，since they may cause migraines. E．Avoid bright lights and lo

20、ud noises. F．You can do this by taking a yoga lesson. G．About 6 in every 100 people regularly experience migraine headaches. 答案：[解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)]本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一些緩解偏頭痛的方法。 1．G　解析：上文講到了一些人飽受偏頭痛的困擾，下文轉(zhuǎn)換話題說(shuō)盡管偏頭痛不會(huì)危及生命，但是會(huì)影響生活。由此可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該是對(duì)上文的延伸。G項(xiàng)內(nèi)容是患病人數(shù)，與上文意義一致。故選G項(xiàng)。 2．F　解析：根據(jù)空格后的If you prefer to practice rel

21、axation at home...可知，空格處的內(nèi)容應(yīng)是涉及放松方面的，而F項(xiàng)中的taking a yoga lesson正是放松的一種方式。故選F項(xiàng)。 3．A　解析：本段介紹的方法是冰按摩，而A項(xiàng)中的薄荷油也有類(lèi)似的涼爽感覺(jué)。故選A項(xiàng)。 4．C　解析：本段介紹的方法是多喝水，選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該與飲水相關(guān)，C項(xiàng)中的咖啡、茶水和蘇打水與此相關(guān)，而且飲用這些東西會(huì)導(dǎo)致偏頭痛。故選C項(xiàng)。 5．E　解析：空格后說(shuō)到，當(dāng)你患有偏頭痛的時(shí)候，聲音和光是你最大的敵人。因此空格處應(yīng)該是避免強(qiáng)光和噪音。故選E項(xiàng)。 Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空 [2017·湖南東部六校聯(lián)考] One of the major holiday

22、 shopping days is the day after Thanksgiving.It is 1.________(frequent)referred to as Black Friday.The use of the word “black”relates 2.________the business accountants.Storekeepers used to record profits in black ink and losses in red ink.So 3.________(be) “in the black”on the Friday after Thanksgi

23、ving means a good thing，a return to profits. Black Friday is the big day for many retailers，and it presents the shopper an opportunity 4.________(get)all of one's holiday shopping done at once among amazing sale prices.On that day，most retailers will open very early 5.________usually provide massiv

24、e and attractive discounts on their products，while a great number of holiday shoppers will get 6.________early start in the morning to begin holiday shopping. Black Friday also means that people face crowded stores，7.________is the other idea of a “Black Friday”，a day they do not like.It used to be

25、 the 8.________(busy)shopping day of a year.Many people avoid this shopping day altogether because of the stress 9.________(involve)in fighting the crowds.In recent years the Saturday before Christmas 10.________(see)the biggest shopping crowds. 答案：[解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)]本文介紹了黑色星期五的由來(lái)。 1．frequently　解析：考查副詞。句意：它頻繁地

26、被稱(chēng)作“黑色星期五”?？仗幮揎梽?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)is referred to，應(yīng)用副詞。 2．to　解析：考查固定搭配。relate to... “和……有關(guān)”，是固定短語(yǔ)。 3．being　解析：考查動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)being“in the black”on the Friday after Thanksgiving作主語(yǔ)。 4．to get　解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。它給顧客一個(gè)以驚人的價(jià)格獲得商品的機(jī)會(huì)。本處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作an opportunity的定語(yǔ)。 5．a(chǎn)nd　解析：考查并列連詞。多數(shù)的商家都會(huì)早早地開(kāi)門(mén)迎客，同時(shí)為顧客提供很多吸引人的折扣。本處a

27、nd連接兩個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)。 6．a(chǎn)n　解析：考查冠詞。an early start“一個(gè)早的開(kāi)始”，此處表示泛指，故應(yīng)用不定冠詞；又因early的讀音以元音音素開(kāi)頭，故用an。 7．which　解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本處應(yīng)為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，空處指代前面的“people face crowded stores”這句話，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。 8．busiest　解析：考查形容詞最高級(jí)。它過(guò)去常常是一年中最繁忙的購(gòu)物日。根據(jù)前面的the可知，本處應(yīng)用最高級(jí)busiest。 9．involved　解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。很多人避免在這一天購(gòu)物，因?yàn)闀?huì)卷入嘈雜人群的壓力中。in

28、volve與stress為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。 10．has seen　解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)In recent years可知，本處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)the Saturday before Christmas為單數(shù)，故用has seen。 Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò) If people suddenly disappeared from the Earth，our planet would look as it did 100,000 years before.If insects disappeared，nothing that on land would su

29、rvive.These words show that it is stupid to think that humans are the most important living thing in the world.We are just part of the ecosystem and other things may be many more important than us. Human activities in the past have increased global concern for the balance between human life and eco

30、systems.The causes is common to all humanity.Three driving forces affected our global environment.The rapid population grow makes the political and economic problems worse.With the social，economic and political problems caused by humans，the global environment would probable be in much better shape.However，in order to make the world a better place to live，we should protect the ecosystem around us.