《【高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法】第一課時(shí)-名詞課件》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《【高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法】第一課時(shí)-名詞課件（36頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、第一講通曉七大詞類語(yǔ)法奠基篇（第一課時(shí)名詞）第一講通曉七大詞類語(yǔ)法奠基篇（第一課時(shí)名詞）內(nèi)容索引高頻考點(diǎn)突破高頻考點(diǎn)突破分層綜合演練分層綜合演練內(nèi)容索引高頻考點(diǎn)突破分層綜合演練高考考什么高考考什么名詞是歷年高考的重要考點(diǎn)，常常出現(xiàn)在完形填空、語(yǔ)法填空題型中。名詞部分主要考查：名詞的數(shù)(可數(shù)與不可數(shù)、單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù))名詞和冠詞的搭配抽象名詞的具體化 名詞的詞性變化名詞的詞義辨析高考考什么名詞是歷年高考的重要考點(diǎn)，常常出現(xiàn)在完形填空、語(yǔ)法第一課時(shí)名詞語(yǔ)法脈圖第一課時(shí)名詞語(yǔ)1.可數(shù)可數(shù)名名詞的復(fù)數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)(1)規(guī)則變化化高頻考點(diǎn)突破名詞的數(shù)考點(diǎn)1情況情況方法方法例詞例詞一般情況一般情況加加sstudent

2、s，teachers，doctors，tables以以s，x，ch，sh結(jié)尾結(jié)尾加加esglasses，dishes，boxes，watches，但，但stomach復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形式直接加形式直接加s，即，即stomachs1.可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)(1)規(guī)則變化高頻考點(diǎn)突破名詞的數(shù)考點(diǎn)1情情況情況方法方法例詞例詞以輔音以輔音字母字母y結(jié)尾結(jié)尾變變y為為I再再加加esfamilies，babies，armies，bodies以元音以元音字母字母y結(jié)尾結(jié)尾加加sboys，toys以以f或或fe結(jié)尾結(jié)尾多變多變f或或fe為為v，再加，再加esthieves，wives，knives，shelves，lives

3、少數(shù)加少數(shù)加sbeliefs，proofs，roofs，hiefs以以o結(jié)尾結(jié)尾通常加通常加sradios，videos，zoos，tobaccos有的加有的加esheroes，potatoes，tomatoes情況方法例詞以輔音字母y結(jié)尾變y為I再加esfamil【名師指津】以以o結(jié)結(jié)尾尾的的下下列列名名詞詞要要加加es：“黑黑人人英英雄雄愛愛吃吃土土豆豆、西西紅紅柿柿”，即即Negroes，heroes,potatoes，tomatoes。以以f或或fe結(jié)結(jié)尾尾的的名名詞詞需需要要把把f或或fe去去掉掉，加加ves：“為為了了自自己己活活命命，小小偷偷和和他他的的妻妻子子手手里里拿拿著著刀

4、刀子子和和樹樹葉葉站站在在架架子子上上，把把狼狼劈劈成成兩兩半半”，即即selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves?！久麕熤附颉恳詏結(jié)尾的下列名詞要加es：“黑人英雄愛吃(2)不不規(guī)則變化化自身變化自身變化的名詞的名詞child孩子孩子children，man男人男人men，tooth牙牙teeth,foot腳；腳；英尺英尺feet，mouse老鼠老鼠mice，phenomenon現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象phenomena，medium傳播媒介傳播媒介media單復(fù)數(shù)同單復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞形名詞Chinese中國(guó)人；中國(guó)人；sheep

5、綿羊；綿羊；deer鹿；鹿；series系列；系列；means方式；方式；works工廠；工廠；fish魚；魚；fruit水果等。其中水果等。其中fish，fruit表示種類時(shí)，表示種類時(shí)，可加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾，即可加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾，即fishes，fruits合成名詞合成名詞soninlawsonsinlaw，passerbypassersby,storytellerstorytellersEverypossiblemeanshasbeentried，butnonehasworked.每每一種可能的方式都已一種可能的方式都已經(jīng)被被嘗試了，但是沒有起作用的。了，但是沒有起作用的。(2)不規(guī)則變化自身變化ch

6、ild孩子children，mLater，theylearnedtoworkwiththe_(season)，plantingattherighttimeand，indryareas,makinguseofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌灌溉)theirfields.(2020浙江卷浙江卷語(yǔ)法填空法填空)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014that/whichshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartd

7、iseaseandearlydeathsfromall_(cause)(2018全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷語(yǔ)法填空法填空)即時(shí)訓(xùn)練1 單句語(yǔ)法填空seasonscausesLater，theylearnedtoworkwiFew people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook.MakingChinese_(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.(2018浙江卷浙江卷語(yǔ)法填空法填空)This trend，which was started by the medical community(醫(yī)醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)界界)as amet

8、hod of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side_(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdiseasetheverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.(全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷語(yǔ)法填空法填空)Shehasturneddownseveral_(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.(全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷語(yǔ)法填空法填空)disheseffectsinvitationsFewpeopleIknowseem

9、tohav2.不可數(shù)不可數(shù)名名詞(物物質(zhì)名名詞和抽象名和抽象名詞)(1)只只用用作作不不可可數(shù)數(shù)名名詞的的名名詞：advice，furniture，fun，information，news，weather，progress，wealth等。等。(2)抽抽象象名名詞具具體體化化：抽抽象象名名詞與與a(an)連用用，淡淡化化了了抽抽象象概概念念，轉(zhuǎn)化化為具具體體的的動(dòng)作、行作、行為或或類別等概念等概念。單詞抽象名抽象名詞意意義具體化名具體化名詞意意義success成功成功成功的人或事成功的人或事pleasure樂趣趣令人高令人高興的事的事beauty美；美美；美麗美美麗的人或事物的人或事物comf

10、ort安慰；慰藉安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物令人感到安慰的人或事物2.不可數(shù)名詞(物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞)單詞抽象名詞意義具體化名單詞抽象名抽象名詞意意義具體化名具體化名詞意意義danger危危險(xiǎn)危危險(xiǎn)的人或因素的人或因素delight高高興令人高令人高興的事的事failure失失敗失失敗的人或事物的人或事物surprise驚奇驚奇令人驚奇的事情令人驚奇的事情shock震驚震驚令人震驚的事情令人震驚的事情pride驕傲傲令人令人驕傲的人或事情傲的人或事情Yourcontributionwillcertainlymaketheeventahugesuccess.你的你的貢獻(xiàn)一定會(huì)使獻(xiàn)一定會(huì)使這個(gè)

11、事件很成功。個(gè)事件很成功。單詞抽象名詞意義具體化名詞意義danger危險(xiǎn)危險(xiǎn)的人或因素1.s所所有有格格：and連接接的的并并列列名名詞表表示示各各自自的的所所有有關(guān)關(guān)系系時(shí)，要要分分別在在并并列列名名詞后后加加s或或；表表示示共共同同的的所所有有關(guān)關(guān)系系時(shí)，只只在在最最后后一一個(gè)個(gè)名名詞后后加加s或或。表示店表示店鋪、辦公室或某人的家公室或某人的家時(shí)，名，名詞所有格后被修所有格后被修飾的名的名詞一般省略。一般省略。TomsandJimsrooms湯姆和吉姆姆和吉姆(各自各自)的房的房間TomandJimsroom湯姆和吉姆姆和吉姆(共同共同)的房的房間atthebarbers在在理理發(fā)店店名

12、詞所有格考點(diǎn)21.s所有格：and連接的并列名詞表示各自的所有關(guān)系時(shí)2.of所所有有格格：無(wú)無(wú)生生命命的的事事物物的的名名詞通通常常用用of所所有有格格表表示示所所有有關(guān)關(guān)系系；名名詞短短語(yǔ)或或有定有定語(yǔ)修修飾的有生命的名的有生命的名詞也常用也常用of所有格。所有格。thecontentofthenovel小小說(shuō)的內(nèi)容的內(nèi)容thenameofthegirloverthere那那邊那位女孩的名字那位女孩的名字3.雙重雙重所有格：所有格：“名名詞of名名詞所有格所有格”或或“名名詞of名名詞性物主代性物主代詞”。aplayofShakespeares莎士比莎士比亞的一個(gè)的一個(gè)戲劇aphotoofm

13、ine我的一我的一張照片照片2.of所有格：無(wú)生命的事物的名詞通常用of所有格表示所有關(guān)Canyou_(給我一些建我一些建議)onhowtodriveacar?WecangotothelibraryorsurftheInternetfor_(各種各各種各樣的信息的信息)_(房房子子的的窗窗戶)were broken during the bigstorm.即時(shí)訓(xùn)練2補(bǔ)全句子givemesomeadvicevarious/allkindsofThewindowsofthehouseinformationCanyou_1.動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化化為名名詞的后的后綴動(dòng)詞、形容詞與名詞之間的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換考點(diǎn)3后綴后綴例

14、詞例詞ion/tion/sion/ationcorrectcorrection改正改正celebratecelebration慶祝慶祝(活動(dòng)活動(dòng))attractattraction吸引；有吸引力的人或事物吸引；有吸引力的人或事物concludeconclusion結(jié)論；結(jié)論；結(jié)束結(jié)束discussdiscussion討論；討論；論述論述decidedecision決定決定admitadmission承認(rèn)；準(zhǔn)許加入承認(rèn)；準(zhǔn)許加入permitpermission允許，允許，許可許可inviteinvitation邀請(qǐng)邀請(qǐng)explainexplanation解釋解釋graduategraduatio

15、n畢業(yè)畢業(yè)expectexpectation期望期望1.動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的后綴動(dòng)詞、形容詞與名詞之間的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換考點(diǎn)后綴后綴例詞例詞er/orsailsailor海海員，水手，水手drivedriver司機(jī)；司機(jī)；駕駛員gathergatherer收集者，采集者收集者，采集者teachteacher老老師announceannouncer廣播廣播員conductconductor指指揮；售票；售票員后綴例詞er/sailsailor海員，水手后綴后綴例詞例詞mentpunishpunishment懲罰achieveachievement成就成就argueargument辯論；論據(jù)據(jù)treattre

16、atment對(duì)待；治待；治療equipequipment裝裝備；設(shè)備governgovernment政府政府a(chǎn)stonishastonishment驚奇驚奇后綴例詞mentpunishpunishment懲罰后綴后綴例詞例詞ance/enceappearappearance出出現(xiàn)；外貌；外貌guideguidance指引；指指引；指導(dǎo)performperformance表演；表表演；表現(xiàn)existexistence存在；生存存在；生存preferpreference偏偏愛referreference參考，參考，查閱ure/turefailfailure失失??；倒；倒閉presspressure

17、壓力力departdeparture離開；出離開；出發(fā)mixmixture混合混合(物物)后綴例詞appearappearance 出現(xiàn)；外貌ur后綴后綴例詞例詞inghearhearing聽力，聽聽力，聽覺beginbeginning開始開始buildbuilding建筑建筑yrecoverrecovery恢復(fù)，痊愈恢復(fù)，痊愈discoverdiscovery發(fā)現(xiàn)scarescarey害怕害怕其他其他choosechoice選擇varyvariety多多樣化；種化；種類tendtendency趨向；向；趨勢(shì)后綴例詞inghearhearing聽力，聽覺yrec2.形容形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化化為名名詞的后

18、的后綴后后綴例例詞ageshortshortagecyefficientefficiency效率效率fluentfluency流利流利accurateaccuracy準(zhǔn)確性準(zhǔn)確性privateprivacy隱私私domfreefreedom自由自由wisewisdom明智；智慧明智；智慧2.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的后綴后綴例詞ageshortsho后后綴例例詞encedifferentdifference差異差異silentsilence沉默沉默evidentevidence證據(jù)據(jù)nessweakweakness虛弱；弱點(diǎn)虛弱；弱點(diǎn)kindkindness仁慈，友好仁慈，友好carelesscare

19、lessness粗心大意粗心大意thstrongstrength力氣；力氣；優(yōu)勢(shì)warmwarmth溫暖；溫暖；熱情情后綴例詞encedifferentdifference差后后綴例例詞y/ty/itysafesafety安全安全disabledisability缺陷；缺陷；傷殘殘responsibleresponsibility責(zé)任任honesthonesty誠(chéng)實(shí)difficultdifficulty困困難后綴例詞y/ty/itysafesafety安全Historical_(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.(2020新高考卷新高考卷語(yǔ)法填空

20、法填空)Filledwith_(curious)，theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.(2020全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷語(yǔ)法填空法填空)Chinese New Year is a _(celebrate)marking the end of thewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.(2020全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷語(yǔ)法填空法填空)即時(shí)訓(xùn)練3單句語(yǔ)法填空accuracycuriositycelebrationHistorical_(accuWhentheywerefreefromwork，theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusk

21、nowofaninteresting_(compete)towatch，togetherwiththestorybehindit.(2019全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷語(yǔ)法填空法填空)Wabastressedthatasan_(educate)itisrighttogoaboveandbeyondfortheirstudentsinthistoughtime.(2020山山東省省濰坊市高三二模坊市高三二模)competitioneducatorWhentheywerefreefromwork.單句句語(yǔ)法填空法填空1.Itwas_greatpleasureforthefamilytomovetoahousewi

22、thaverybiggarden.2.A new _(collect)of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarcticvoyagebacktolife.3.Handle the most important tasks first and youll feel a real sense of_(achieve)分層綜合演練acollectionachievement.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Itwas_4.Recent_(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.5.

23、IhadtodeclineJacks_(invite)tohisbirthdaypartybecauseitconflictedwithanimportantconference.6.GoingtoCambridgeUniversityisadreamofmine，foritisoneofthetop_(university)intheworld.7.Some _(organize)have begun working hard tosavethem.(2021南寧市高三南寧市高三畢業(yè)班適班適應(yīng)性性測(cè)試)studiesinvitationuniversitiesorganizations/or

24、ganisations4.Recent_(study)s8.Readingabookcanopenthedoortoawonderfulnewworldofmagicand_(discover)，whichiswhypeopleallaroundtheworldlovetoread.(2021深圳市高三第一次深圳市高三第一次調(diào)研研)9.They were _(tour)from the inland of the country，and hadneverseenanAmericanbefore.(2021許昌市高三第三次昌市高三第三次質(zhì)量量檢測(cè))10.AlthoughIhavesaid“Tha

25、nkyou”tothemseveraltimes，Istillthinkitisnotenoughtoexpressmydeep_(appreciate)(2021皖南八校高三第三次皖南八校高三第三次聯(lián)考考)discoverytouristsappreciation8.Readingabookcanopenthe.語(yǔ)法填空法填空Ahighschoolhistoryteacheroncetoldus，“Ifyoumakeoneclosefriend in school，you will be most lucky.1._ true friend issomeonewhostayswithyouf

26、orlife.”【語(yǔ)篇解篇解讀】本文主要】本文主要講如何加深友如何加深友誼(howtodeepenfriendships)。1A由由語(yǔ)境境可可知知，此此處指指類別，泛泛指指“一一個(gè)個(gè)”真真正正的的朋朋友友，故故填填不不定定冠冠詞a，另在句首要大寫。，另在句首要大寫。.語(yǔ)法填空AhighschoolhistoryteExperienceshowedthathewasright.Good2._(friend)arejustnoteasilyformed.Tomostofus，friendshipsarethoughtveryimportant，butweneedtohavethekindsoffr

27、iendshipswewant.Aretheytobecloseorkeptatarms3._(long)?2friendships在在句句中中作作主主語(yǔ)，用用名名詞形形式式；根根據(jù)據(jù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞areformed可可知，主知，主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填friendships。3length在在名名詞所所有有格格后后，要要用用名名詞形形式式。keepsbatarmslength意意為“不使自己太靠近某人；與某人保持距離不使自己太靠近某人；與某人保持距離”。ExperienceshowedthathewasDowewanttoshareourselvesordowewanttowalkon

28、thesurface?Forsomepeople，many friendships on the surface are quite enough and thats allright.Butatsomepointweneedtomakesurethatourexpectationsarethesameasour4._(friend)expectations.Thesharingof5._(person)experienceisthesurestway6._(deepen)friendships.Butitmustbeundertakenslowlyandcarriedononlyifther

29、earesignsofinterestandactioninreturn.4friends根據(jù)根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，境，應(yīng)當(dāng)指當(dāng)指“我我們的朋友的的朋友的”，故填，故填friends。5personal在名在名詞前作定前作定語(yǔ)，用形容，用形容詞形式。形式。6todeepen在在way后用不定式作定后用不定式作定語(yǔ)。DowewanttoshareourselvesWhataresomeofthe7._(difficult)informingfriendships?The greatest is to expect too much too soon.Deep relationships taketime.A

30、nother main difficulty is the 8._(selfish)to think one“owns”the other，including his time and attention.Similarly，friendshipsneed actions in return.In other words，you must give as much as youtake.Finallythereisaquestionoftakingcareofeachother.7difficulties此此處用用difficulties指具體困指具體困難。8selfishness在冠在冠詞后

31、要用名后要用名詞。Whataresomeofthe7._9._youspendreasonabletimetogether，talkingonthephone，writing10._(letter)ordoingthingstogether，friendshipswilldieaway.9Unless根根據(jù)據(jù)“youspend.”和和“friendshipswilldieaway”兩兩個(gè)個(gè)句句子子的的邏輯關(guān)系可知，關(guān)系可知，應(yīng)填填unless引引導(dǎo)條件狀條件狀語(yǔ)從句。從句。10letters名名詞作作賓語(yǔ)。因。因?yàn)槭强蓴?shù)名是可數(shù)名詞，且沒有限定，且沒有限定詞，故用復(fù)數(shù)。，故用復(fù)數(shù)。9._you

32、spendreaso.寫作運(yùn)用寫作運(yùn)用根據(jù)根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示提示補(bǔ)全短文，并注意名全短文，并注意名詞的使用的使用DearSirorMadam，1_(我我是是你你的的一一個(gè)個(gè)顧客客)Iorderedasetofbooks on your website two weeks ago，but I didnt receive them untilyesterday.2._(令令我我失失望望的的是是)，thebooksweresopoorlypackedupthat3._(其其中中一一本本書的的書皮皮破破損了了).4._(更更為糟糟糕糕的的是是)，itwasnotacompleteset，asIfoundon

33、ebookmissing.ImoneofyourcustomersAndtomydisappointmentthecoverofonebookwastornTomakethings/mattersworse.寫作運(yùn)用根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示補(bǔ)全短文，并注意名詞的使用DearImsorrytohavereceivedsuchpoorservice，andIhopethatyoueitherreturnmymoney5._(或或者者給我我派派送送一一套套新新書)Besides，Idliketobeinformedoftheprocessofyourdealingwithmycomplaint.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.ordeliveranewsetofbookstomeImsorrytohavereceivedsuCHUANGXINSHEJIThanks!CHUANGXINThanks!