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2019-2020年高中英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)十二 形容詞和副詞 形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí) 說(shuō) 明 例 詞 一般情況 加er, est smaller,smallest 以e 結(jié)尾 加r,st larger,largest 單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)多音節(jié)的形容詞，加詞尾er ,est 以"輔音字母+y "結(jié)尾的詞 改y為i，再加er,est busier,busiest 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母 雙寫末尾輔音字母，加er,est fatter,fattest 以ow,er結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞 加er ,est narrower,narrowest　　cleverer,clevest 多數(shù)雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)的詞 加more most more beautiful,　　most important　　 　　 副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí) 　　1．大多數(shù)以ly結(jié)尾的副詞前加more 和most 來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。 　　2．少數(shù)單音節(jié)副詞，加er,est 構(gòu)成其比較級(jí)和最高級(jí) 。 　　幾個(gè)特殊的形容詞和副詞 原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí) good ,well better best bad, ill, badly worse worst many ,much more most little less least far farther, further farthest,further old older, elder oldest, eldest 　 比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的常用句型 名稱 句型 例句 相等 as 原形 as 　　 (as 原形+名詞 as ) The train travels as fast as the 3:55 train.　He has not as much money as his friend. 不及 not as(so) 原形 as 　　(not as[so ]+名詞+原形 as ) She is not as (so)beautiful as her sister. 比較級(jí)+ than Health is more important than wealth. 超越 the +比較級(jí)+of the two　　兩者中較… 的一個(gè) He is the taller of the two. 用于否定 no +比較級(jí)+than 　　和…一樣不 He is no richer than I.　　他和我一樣不富有。 用于否定 最…不過(guò) His work couldnt be worse.　　他的工作再糟糕不過(guò)了。 程度遞增 er and er，more and more+多音節(jié)詞原級(jí) (越來(lái)越…) higher and higher more and more important 兩種情況同時(shí)變化 the +比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)　?。ㄔ健?，越…） The quicker you get ready, the sooner well be able to leave. 三者或三者以上比較 the +最高級(jí)+of/in+比較范圍　?。ā凶睢? Of all things in the world, people are the precious. 　　 比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的修飾語(yǔ) 　　1．用于原級(jí)之前： 　　almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite, half , twice,three times , a third,etc. 　　John is almost as tall as you. 　　The river is three times as long as that one. 　　We have a third as many students as we had last term. 　　2．用于比較級(jí)前 　　many, a few (用于"more +可數(shù)名詞"前) 　　It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane. 　　a lot, much , a bit, even, a little , still, a great deal, far, rather, two years, ten percent,three times etc. 　　Its cold this year, but its even colder last year. 　　We produced 6% more grain this year than we did last year. 　　3．用于形容詞和最高級(jí)前 　　the very , much the ,by far the ,the first/second 　　This hat is by far the largest in the world. 　　Gold is the very most valuable of all materials . 位置與功能 高考重點(diǎn)要求 　　1．掌握形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的常用句型及用法 　　2．掌握形容詞、副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)修飾語(yǔ)及倍數(shù)的比較表達(dá)。 　　3．注意多外形容詞修飾同一名詞的前后順序。 　　4．分清常用同義與近義形容詞在表達(dá)中的語(yǔ)義差別。 　　此項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容從1991年到達(dá)xx年間共出現(xiàn)45次（包括上海題），可見(jiàn)其重要。 　　形容詞作用與位置 　　1．定語(yǔ)。 　　在名詞前做定語(yǔ)，為最常見(jiàn)用法。請(qǐng)注意多個(gè)形容詞（含其它起形容詞作用的詞）做前置定語(yǔ)的順序。 　　"縣官行令殺國(guó)才。"這一句就概述了形容詞順序問(wèn)題。即： 　　限（冠詞[物主代詞、指示代詞]數(shù)詞等）觀 （描繪） 形（大小、形狀等） 齡 （年齡、新舊等）色（色彩）國(guó)（國(guó)籍、出處等）材（材料、功用等） 　　an interesting English film a heavy black Chinese silk umbrella 　　做后置定語(yǔ)。修飾由不定代詞no ,any, some ，every和one,thing等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞或形容詞短語(yǔ)。 　　2．表語(yǔ)。一定要注意系動(dòng)詞的出現(xiàn)情況。這是一個(gè)高考熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。 　　常見(jiàn)系動(dòng)詞有：be 　　變化系詞： bee, get ,turn, grow, go 　　保持系詞： keep ,remain, stay 　　感觀系詞： look, smell , taste, feel, sound,appear , seem ,prove etc. 　　3.形容詞作狀語(yǔ)，表狀況、原因、結(jié)果等。這也是應(yīng)注意的一點(diǎn)。 　　He went to bed , cold and hungry. 　　 4.做賓補(bǔ)。 　　N：①某些以a 開(kāi)始的形容詞只做表語(yǔ)，不做定語(yǔ)。 　　afraid, alike, alone, asleep ,awake，alive 　?、谀承┍砩眢w健康狀況的形容詞只能做表語(yǔ),不做定語(yǔ) 　　well, ill faint 　　③某些以-ly 結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞。 　　friendly, lively, lovely, lonely, likely, deadly, orderly 等。 　?、軓?fù)合形容詞的形式問(wèn)題。 　　an 800-meter-wide river an English-speaking country a middle-aged man 　　副詞 　　位置 　　1）時(shí)間副詞和地點(diǎn)副詞一般放于句尾。如同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，則地點(diǎn)副詞在前。 　　They went boating in Zhongshan Park yesterday. 　　2)表頻率的時(shí)間副詞是高考的熱點(diǎn) 　　always, seldom, often, never, rarely, usually 等，通常放于行為動(dòng)詞之前，be詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞之 后。 　　He is always telling lies,so I will never believe him. 　　3)程度副詞一般放在被修飾詞之前（但 enough除外） 　　He is very young ,so he is not old enough to go to school. 　　N:有些副詞有兩種形式，一個(gè)與形容詞同形，一個(gè)以ly 結(jié)尾，但它們的含義是不同的。 　　closely-close nearly-near freely-free deeply-deep highly-high widely-wide 等。 　　以ly 結(jié)尾的詞表較為抽象的含義，而與形容詞同形的副詞則表較為具體的概念。 　　He is highly praised for what he has done. (高度地) 　　He can see a bird is flying high in the sky.（飛得高，具有可見(jiàn)性） 練習(xí)、形容詞和副詞 高考題選： 1. John has three sisters. Mary is the ___ of the three. (MET88) 　　 A. most cleverest 　　B. more clever 　　C. cleverest 　　D. cleverer 2. The students are___ young people between the age of sixteen and twenty. (MET88) 　　 A. most 　　B. almost 　　C. mostly 　　D. at most 3. She told us ___story that we all forgot about the time. (MET88) 　　 A. such an interesting 　　B. such interesting a 　　 C. so an interesting 　　D. a so interesting 4. It is impossible for so___ workers to do so work in a single day. (MET88) 　　 A. few, much 　　B. few, many 　　C. little, much 　　D. little, many 5. The horse is getting old and cant run ___ it did. (MET88) 　　 A. as faster as 　　B. so fast than 　　C. so fast as 　　D. as fast as 6. The story sounds___ . (MET89) 　　 A. to be true 　　B. as true 　　C. being true 　　D. true 7. Id been expecting ___ letters the whole morning, but there werent ___ for me. (MET89) 　　 A. some; any 　　B. many; a few 　　C. some; one 　　D. a few; none 8. This year they have produced ___ grain ___ they did last year. (MET89) 　　 A. as less; as 　　B. as few; as 　　C. less; than 　　D. fewer; than 9. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before. (MET90) 　　 A. as twice many 　　B. as many twice 　　 C. twice as many 　　D. twice many as 10. The pianos in the other shop will be , but______ . (MET90) 　　 A. cheaper; not as better 　　B. more cheaper; not as better 　　 C. cheaper; not as good 　　D. more cheap; not as good 11. ---Can I help you? 　　 　---Well, Im afraid the box is___ heavy for you, but thank you all the same. (MET90) 　　 A. so 　　B. much 　　C. very 　　D. too 12.---Excuse me, is this Mr. Browns office? 　　 　---Im sorry, but Mr. Brown ___ works here. He left about three weeks ago. (MET90) 　　 A. not now 　　B. no more 　　C. not still 　　D. no longer 13. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with ___ money and ___ people. (MET90) 　　 A. less; less 　　B. fewer; fewer 　　C. less; fewer 　　D. fewer; less 14. Oh, John. ___ you gave me! (MET90) 　　 A. How a pleasant surprise 　　B. How pleasant surprise 　　 C. What a pleasant surprise 　　D. What pleasant surprise 15. ---How did you find your visit to museum? 　　 　---I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was ___ than I expected. (MET91) 　　 A. far more interesting 　　B. even much interesting 　　 C. so more interesting 　　D. a lot much interesting 16. Canada is larger than ___ country in Asia. (NMET91) 　　 A. any 　　B. any other 　　C. other 　　D. another 17. Those oranges taste___ . (MET91) 　　 A. good 　　B. well 　　C. to be good 　　D. to be well 18. The experiment was ___ easier than we had expected. (NMET91) 　　 A. more 　　B. much more 　　C. much 　　D. more much 19. ___ food youve cooked! (NMET91 ) 　　 A. How a nice 　　B. What a nice 　　 C. How nice 　　D. What nice 20. Go and get your coat. Its ___ you left it. (MET92) 　　 A. there 　　B. where 　　C. there where 　　D. where there 21. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes___ . (MET92) 　　 A. open 　　B. to be opened 　　C. to open 　　D. opening 22. ---Are you feeling ___? 　　　---Yes, I m fine now. (NMET92) 　　 A. any well 　　B. any better 　　C. quite good 　　D. quite better 23. Which is___ country, Canada or Australia? (MET92) 　　 A. a large 　　B. larger 　　C. a larger 　　D. the larger 24. ---Will you give this message to Mr. White, please? 　　 　---Sorry, I cant. He ___. (MET92) 　　 A. doesnt any more work here 　　B. doesnt any longer here work 　　 C. doesnt work any more here 　　D. doesnt work here any longer 25. How can you finish the drawing? (MET92) 　　 A. often 　　B. soon 　　C. long 　　D. rapid 26. ___ terrible weather weve been having these days! (MET92) 　　 A. How a 　　B. What a 　　C. How 　　D. What 27. It takes a long time to go there by train. Its___ by road.　　 (MET93) 　　 A. quick 　　B. the quickest 　　C. much quick 　　D. quicker 28. ___ from Beijing to London! (MET93) 　　 A. How long way it is 　　B. What a long way is it 　　 C. How long way is it 　　D. What a long way it is 29. She doesnt speak___ her friends, but her written work is excellent. (MET93) 　　 A. as well as 　　B. as often as 　　C. so much as 　　D. as good as 30. ---Mum, I think Im___ to get back to school. 　　 　---Not really, My dear. Youd better stay at home for another day or two. (NMET93) 　　 A. so well 　　B. so good 　　C. well enough 　　D. good enough 31. ---If you dont like the red coat, take the blue one. 　　 　---OK, but do you have size___ in blue? This ones a bit tight for me. (NMET93) 　　 A. a big 　　B. a bigger 　　C. the big 　　D. the bigger 32. John plays footbal___ , if not better than, Davi. (NMET94) 　　 A. as well 　　B. as well as 　　C. so well 　　D. so well as 33. We all write___ ,even when theres net much to say. (NMET94) 　　 A. now and then 　　B. by and by 　　C. step by step 　　D. more or less 34. ---Do you remember ___ he came? 　　 　---Yes I do, he came by car. (NMET94) 　　 A. how 　　B. when 　　C. that 　　D. if 35. If there were no examinations, we should have ___at school. (NMET94) 　　 A. the happiest time 　　B. a more happier time 　　 C. much happiest time 　　D. a much happier time 36. ---Have you finished your report yet? 　　 　---No, Ill finish in___ ten minutes. (NMET95) 　　 A. another 　　B. other 　　C. more 　　D. less 37. ---Id like ___ information about the management of your hotel, please. 　　 　---Well, you could have ___ word with the manager. He might be helpful. (NMET95) 　　 A. some; a 　　B. an; some 　　C. some; some 　　D. an; a 38. If we work with a strong will, we can overe any difficulty,___ great it is. (NMET95) 　　 A. what 　　B. how 　　C. however 　　D. whatever 39. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining ____. (NMET96) 　　 A. badly 　　B. hardly 　　C. strongly 　　D. heavily 40. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard ___. (NMET96) 　　 A. the better voice 　　B. a good voice 　　 C. the best voice 　　 D. a better voice 41. Tony is going camping with ___ boys. (NMET93) 　　 A. little two other 　　B. two little other 　　 C. two other little 　　D. little other two 42. ---How was your recent visit to Qingdao? (NMET95) 　　 ---It was great. We visited some friends, and spent ___the days at the seaside. 　　 A. few last sunny 　　B. last few sunny 　　 C. last sunny few 　　D. few sunny last 43. Can you believe that in ___ a rich country there should be _ many poor people? (MET95) 　　 A. such; such 　　B. such; so 　　C. so; so 　　D. so; such 44. Wait till you are more___ .Its better to be sure than sorry. (NMET97) 　　 A. inspired 　　B. satisfied 　　C. calm 　　D. certain 45. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is ___ known for his plays. (NMET98) 　　 A. the best 　　B. more 　　C. better 　　D. the most 46.___ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. (NMETxx ) 　　 A. Brave enough students 　　B. Enough brave students 　　 C. Students brave enough 　　D. Students enough brave 47. Its always difficult being in a foreign country, ___ if you dont speak the language. (NMETxx ) 　　 A. extremely 　　B. naturally 　　C. basically 　　D. especially 48. I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a (an) ___ trick. (xx 春招) 　　 A. ordinary 　　B. easy 　　C. smart 　　D. simple 49. It is generally believed that teaching is___ it is a science. (NMETxx) 　　 A. an art much as 　　B. much an art as 　　 C. as an art much as 　　D. as much an art as 50.---Im very ___with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. 　　 ---Mm, it does have a ___smell. (xx春招) 　　 A. pleasant; pleased 　　B. pleased; pleased 　　 C. pleasant; pleasant 　　D. pleased; pleasant 51.Boris has brains. In fact ,I doubt whether anyone in the class has ___IQ. 　　A. a high 　　B. a higher 　　C. the higher 　　D. the highest 語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)十三：形容詞和副詞 1．C．原題中的three sisters這一信息詞語(yǔ)暗示考生要用最高級(jí)的形式。clever的最高級(jí)有兩種：the most clever，the cleverest 2．C．mostly是副詞，意思是："主要地"，修飾整個(gè)句子。用most時(shí)應(yīng)為most of the students；用almost通常說(shuō)almost all+n. 3．A．such與so修飾名詞時(shí)可這樣使用。 so+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù) so many/few十可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) so much/little+不可數(shù)名詞 4．A．few修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)；much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 5．D．A、C項(xiàng)是語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。as…as之間不能用比較級(jí)形式。B項(xiàng)也是語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，than前沒(méi)有比較級(jí)，把than變成as就對(duì)了。實(shí)際上not as…as=not more than． 6．D．sound是"聽(tīng)起來(lái)"的意思。它是系動(dòng)詞，其后接形容詞做表語(yǔ)。類似的系動(dòng)詞還有l(wèi)ook seem taste smell fell． 7．A．some常用在肯定句中，而any常用在否定、疑問(wèn)和條件句中。 8．C．grain是不可數(shù)名詞。A項(xiàng)是語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，as…as之間用原級(jí)，B項(xiàng)few不修飾grain，D項(xiàng)也如此。 9．C．表示倍數(shù)的詞與其他表示程度的副詞修飾as…as結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，應(yīng)放在其前面。 10．C．該題考查了考生是否掌握形容詞比較級(jí)的兩種形式，該句可理解為：The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper，but not as good as those in this shop. 11．D．此處可理解為the box is too heavy for you to carry． 12．D．no longer強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間；no more強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量和次數(shù)。 13．C．better這一信息詞可暗示考生用比較級(jí)形式，less修飾不可數(shù)名詞，fewer修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。 14．C．what與how修飾名詞引起的感嘆句： 　　 what+a/an+形容詞十單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 　　 what+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 　　 what +形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞 　　 How+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) 　　注意what的用法與sach相似，how與so相似。且give s　　B. a surprise是慣用法。 15．A．用來(lái)修飾比較級(jí)的副詞有：a little，a bit；even still；far，by far；a lot，a great deal；much，any(用于否定、疑問(wèn))；rather． 16．A．用比較級(jí)表示最高級(jí)的意思，用than+any other+單數(shù)名詞(包括主語(yǔ)在內(nèi))或用any+單數(shù)名詞(比較范圍不包括主語(yǔ)在內(nèi))。因加拿大不屬亞洲。如，把Asia改為North America，則B正確。 17．A．taste是系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞做表語(yǔ)。B項(xiàng)well如果是形容詞，表示"身體好"。但Things are well with me．屬于特殊情況。參看6題。 18．C．參看15題。 19．D．參看14題。 20．B．where引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，且where在表語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。 21．A．當(dāng)open做賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，一般用它的形容詞，不用它的現(xiàn)在分詞。又如：with his eyes open/closed 22．B．a(chǎn)ny修飾比較級(jí)時(shí)，一般用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。 23．D．表示兩者中"最…"的意思，用the+比較級(jí)。此句可理解Canada is the larger of the two countries. 24．D．no more與no longer變成not…any more或not…any longer時(shí)any more和any longer要置于句尾，可參看12題。 25 B．how often表示頻率，與題意不符。how long句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，是"多久"的意思。D項(xiàng)rapid是形容詞不能修飾動(dòng)詞。How soon的回答詞用in+時(shí)間，因此，全句的意思是："在多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間之內(nèi)(或以后)你能畫完畫?"且句中謂語(yǔ)是瞬間動(dòng)詞。 26．D．可參看14題。weather是不可數(shù)名詞。 27．D．此處可理解為Its quicker to go by road than by train．　　 28．D．參看14題?！　? 29．A．原題中的but與excellent兩個(gè)信息詞可暗示考生，且not as…as相當(dāng)于not more than，因此，該句的意思是："她講的不如朋友的好，但她的筆頭好。" 30．C．well是形容詞"身體好"的意思。這是Its+adj+enoush to do sth句型。該句意思是："我身體已好，可以返回學(xué)校了。" 31．B．形容詞的比較級(jí)修飾可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)時(shí)，前面不要忘了加a，泛指比較…的-個(gè)。例如，This shirt is a little larger．Could you show me a smaller one? 32．B．是29題的創(chuàng)新。該句的意思是："如果不比David好的話，那么會(huì)跟David踢的一樣好。"if not better than為插入語(yǔ)。 33．A．從even when theres not much to say這一信息句可知。now and then相當(dāng)于sometimes，occasionally和from time to time，B項(xiàng)by and by=soon，C項(xiàng)step by step=gradually，D項(xiàng)more or less=about，修飾名詞，但也可修飾動(dòng)詞，作狀語(yǔ)。 34．A．從答語(yǔ)中by car可知，how問(wèn)的是方式。 35．D．have a good/happy time是慣用法，much修飾比較級(jí)。參看31題。 36．A．more與another在表示"再、又"時(shí)，用法不同，more置于數(shù)詞后面，而another置于數(shù)詞的前面。 37．A．information是不可數(shù)名詞。have a word with sb．相當(dāng)于speak/talk to/with sb．與…談話。 38．C．however是連接副詞，修飾形容詞great并引導(dǎo)一個(gè)讓步4狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是："無(wú)論困難有多大。" 39．D．"下大雨"應(yīng)說(shuō) "rain hard/heavily"． 40．D．意為："我從未聽(tīng)過(guò)比她還好的噪音。"用比較級(jí)表達(dá)最高級(jí)的概念。 41．C．要知道形容詞排列作定語(yǔ)的順序。 42．B．與41題考查的目的相同。 43．B．可參看3題。 44．D．從下文Its better to be sure than sorry．即"確信要比后悔好"可知，填入D項(xiàng)。A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合邏輯。 45．C．該題考查副詞用法。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為副詞的比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)，題干的兩個(gè)并列分句中，已給出some short stories和his plays這一特定的語(yǔ)境，表示二者之間的比較需用副詞的比較級(jí)。well known是一慣用詞組，意為"出名的"、"眾所周知的"，well的比較級(jí)為better，故答案為C。 46．C．形容詞作后置定語(yǔ)。enough為副詞，修飾形容詞brave，放在其后。 47．D．意為"在國(guó)外通常是困難的，特別是你不會(huì)說(shuō)外語(yǔ)"。 48．D．意為"我很吃驚你竟然被這么簡(jiǎn)單的一個(gè)詭計(jì)愚弄了。"此處，只有用D項(xiàng)才能準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)這種語(yǔ)氣。 49．D．"教學(xué)更像是一門科學(xué)。"第一個(gè)as為副詞。 50．D。 51．B。