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1、 考點09 一般時 高考頻度：★★★★★ 【命題解讀】 動詞的時態(tài)是歷年高考的重點，也是高考的必考點。應特別注意以下幾點：要把握各種時態(tài)的特點，注意易混淆時態(tài)間的差異；準確理解具體語境下時態(tài)的正確意義，捕捉句子中所隱含的時間信息；要克服漢語式的慣性思維，排除誤導，培養(yǎng)發(fā)散性思維。 【命題預測】 預計2018年時態(tài)仍將是高考的重點和難點所在。高考主要以語法填空、短文改錯等形式考查，動詞的時態(tài)在語法填空和短文改錯中是必考點。高考在考查時態(tài)的同時，還會兼顧其他語法內容的考查，比如各種從句、強調句、倒裝句等，其交叉式和復合式的特點尤為明顯。 【復習建議】 1. 了解并能正確

2、運用?？嫉?1種時態(tài)； 2. 熟練運用現(xiàn)在完成時、現(xiàn)在完成進行時、一般過去時等高考高頻時態(tài)； 3. 掌握幾種易混時態(tài)的區(qū)別，如現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時等。 動詞時態(tài)的知識網(wǎng)絡(以動詞do為例) 現(xiàn)在時 過去時 將來時 過去將來時 一般時 do / does did shall/will do should/would do 進行時 am/is/are doing was/were doing shall/will be doing should/would be doing 完成時 have/has did had did shall/will ha

3、ve did should/would have did 完成進行時 have/has been doing had been doing shall/will have been doing should/would have been doing 考向一 一般現(xiàn)在時 1. 表示客觀事實或普通真理（不受時態(tài)限制）。 The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. 地理老師告訴我們地球繞著太陽轉。 Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中國的東方。 Th

4、e sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太陽東升西落。 2. 表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和often，always，usually，sometimes，everyday，once a week等表示頻率的時間狀語連用。 He takes a walk after supper every day. 他每天晚飯后散步。 My mother works at the same company as my father. 我的母親和父親在同一家公司工作。 We always care for each

5、 other and help each other. 我們總是相互關心、相互幫助。Zxx.k 3. 表示主語的特征、性格、能力等。 Mr Smith hates fish and never eats any. 史密斯先生討厭魚而且從來不吃魚。 Mary speaks both English and French very well. 瑪麗英語和法語都說得很好。 4. 表示安排或計劃好的肯定會出現(xiàn)的動作或狀態(tài)。 The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m. 飛機上午10點起飛。 Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三

6、。 5. 在時間、條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的動作。 We will have to put off the sports meeting if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨我們將不得不推遲會議。 I can’t leave unless my boss agrees. 除非老板同意，否則我不能走。 注意： if 條件狀語從句中可用shall 或will 表示意愿，但不表示時態(tài)。 If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased

7、. 如果你愿意接受我的邀請來參加我們的聚會，我的家人會很高興。 【巧學妙記】 一般現(xiàn)在時用法口訣 用好一般現(xiàn)在時，時間狀語需牢記。 基本用法要記清，動作習慣經(jīng)常性。 客觀真理和能力，有時還表將來時。 謂語若為行為動，形式還要主語定。 主語人稱是三單，動詞要把-s/-es添。 句中若把助動用，謂語動詞用原形。 1.（2017新課標卷II短文改錯）When summer came, they will invite their students pick the vegetables！ 【答案】將came改為comes 【解析】考查時態(tài)。主句是是一般將來時，且本文

8、全篇為一般現(xiàn)在時，故將came改為comes。 2. （2017新課標卷I語法填空）Fast food ___67___ (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 （eating） (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 【答案】is 3. （2017新課標卷III語法填空）Sarah says, ＂My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, sc

9、hool 69 (come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. 【答案】comes 【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知Sarah認為當下應該是學業(yè)第一，說明現(xiàn)在的情況應該用一般現(xiàn)在時。 4. （2017北京卷單項填空） People______ better access to health care than they used to,and they’re living longer as a result. A.will have B. have C.had D.had had 【答案】B

10、5.（2017江蘇卷單項填空） He’s been informed that he ____________ for the scholarship because of his academic background. A. hasn’t qualified B. hadn’t qualified C. doesn’t qualify D. wasn’t qualifying 【答案】 C 【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：他已經(jīng)被告知由于教育背景的原因而沒有資格獲得獎學金。qualify for sth達標，獲得參賽資格；由于條

11、件不滿足而沒有資格做某事，是客觀事實，用一般現(xiàn)在時。故選C。 考向二 一般過去時 1. 表示在過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常用yesterday，last year，in 1995，the other day等作時間狀語。 It was a terrible piece of work you turned in yesterday. 你昨天上交的作業(yè)真是很糟糕。 He came to work here two weeks ago. 他兩周前來這兒上班的。 2. 表示在過去一段時間內，經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。 When I was a child, I often play

12、ed football in the street. 我小時候，經(jīng)常在大街上踢足球。 Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. Brown夫婦訪問期間，不論走到哪里，都受到了熱烈的歡迎。 3. 用于固定句型中。 It is time you went to bed. 到了你上床睡覺的時間了。 I’d rather you came tomorrow. 我寧愿你明天來。 4. wish, wonder, think, hope等用過去時，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等。 I

13、thought you might have some. 我原以為你會有一些的。 Sorry, I didn’t see the sign over there. 對不起，我（剛才）沒看見那邊的指示牌。 5. 在時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句中代替過去將來時。 He said he would not go if it rained. 他說要是下雨，他就不去。 6. 有些句子，雖然沒有明確的表示過去的時間狀語，但實際上指的是過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，也要用一般過去時。常見的此類動詞有know, think, expect等，表示＂本來認為＂。 I didn’t expect to meet

14、you here. 我沒想到會在這兒遇到你。 I thought he had heard the news. 我原以為他已經(jīng)聽說了這個消息。 常見考法： 1. 在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中用一般過去時表示過去將來； 2. 沒有時間狀語時靈活選用一般過去時的情況； 3. as if /as though引導的從句中用一般過去表示虛擬語氣。 【誤區(qū)提醒】 時間和條件狀語從句中用錯時態(tài)；沒時間狀語時習慣用一般現(xiàn)在時。 【巧學妙記】 一般過去時用法口訣 動詞一般過去時，表示過去發(fā)生事。 句中動詞用過去式，過去時間作標記。 否定句，很簡單，謂語動詞前didn’t添。 疑問構

15、成也有法，主語前面Did加。 還有一點不能忘，后面動詞要還原。 1.（2017新課標卷I短文改錯）Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so（改為but/yet） once I started the car, my mind goes blank, I forgot what he had said to me altogether. 【答案】goes改為went 【解析】考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)前文中的started可知時態(tài)為一般過去時，故將goes改為went。 2.

16、 （2017新課標卷II語法填空）Later, engineers ___68___(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. 【答案】managed 【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。此處表示過去的情況，所以這里也應用一般過去時，故填managed。 3. （2017北京卷單項填空）—______ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday? —Yes. They ar

17、e happy with it. A. Did you call B. Have you called C. Will you call D. Were you calling 【答案】A 考向三 一般將來時 1. 一般將來時的定義 一般將來時表示在現(xiàn)在看來即將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用時間副詞tomorrow, soon或短語next year / week / month, in a few days, in the future, sometime 做狀語。如： What will you do this afternoon. 你今天

18、下午干什么？ We will have a meeting tomorrow. 我們明天要開會。 He is going to study abroad next year. 明年他要出國學習。 2. 一般將來時的結構及應用 (1) shall / will + 動詞原形。表示即將發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。特別是表示客觀性的事情或在某條件下要發(fā)生的事情，只能用此結構。如： What shall we do if he doesn’t come? 如果他不來，我們該怎么辦？ Will you be free this evening? 今天晚上有空嗎？ I think he will

19、 tell us the truth. 我想他會告訴我們真實情況的。 (2) be going to + 動詞原形。表示已經(jīng)計劃或安排好了的事情，也可表示有跡象表明肯定要發(fā)生的事情。如： We are going to have a meeting to discuss the matter this evening. 今天晚上開會討論這件事情。 Look at the black clouds over there. I think it is going to rain soon. 看一看那邊的烏云，我想天要下雨了。 There is going to be an English

20、evening this week. 本周要舉行一個英語晚會。 (3) be to + 動詞原形。表示一種常規(guī)性的活動或注定要做的事情。如： Who is to clean the classroom today? 今天該誰打掃教室了？ When are you to return your library book? 你什么時候要還圖書？ The bridge is to be completed by the end of this year. 這渡橋該在今年年底前完工。 (4) be about to + 動詞原形。表示就要做或正好要做的事情。往往暗含一種時間上的巧合，因此，句

21、子不能再用時間狀語。如： Don’t leave. Li Lei is about to come. 不要走了，李蕾就要來了。 Be quiet. The concert is about to start. 安靜下來，音樂演唱會就要開始了。 (5) be +現(xiàn)在分詞。表示即將發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。這個句型中動詞主要是瞬間動詞：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open, die, join, borrow, buy等。如： Go ahead, and I’m coming. 走前面一點吧，我就來。 The do

22、g is dying. 那條狗要死了。 Hurry up. The shop is closing. 快點，商店就要關門了。 (6) 一般現(xiàn)在時。表示一種嚴格按照計劃進行的動作。比方說，上課、飛機起飛、火車離站等。如： Don’t hurry. The meeting starts at a quarter past eight. 不要匆忙，回憶八點過一刻開始。 The bus goes back at four thirty. 汽車四點返回。 1.—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment. —All right. I___

23、________ him later. A. will call B. have called C. call D will be calling 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——Dr. Jackson現(xiàn)在不在辦公室?！玫?，我待會再打給他。由later可知，表示的是將來要執(zhí)行的動作，用一般將來時。故選A。 2. More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy. A. are being built B. will be built C.

24、have been built D. had been built 【答案】B 【名師點睛】本題考查時態(tài)。英語中的時態(tài)是靠動詞的變化來體現(xiàn)的，在具體做題時，需要關注的是時間狀語。因此，考生在做本題時，需要先找出時間狀語soon，然后才能準確判斷時態(tài)是一般將來時。通過觀察選項可知，選項A是現(xiàn)在進行時；選項B是一般將來時；選項C是現(xiàn)在完成時；選項D是過去完成時。故選擇B。 3.As you go through this book, you ________ that each of the millions of people who lived through World W

25、ar II had a different experience. A. will find B. found C. had found D. have found 【答案】A 【名師點睛】本題旨在考查句子的時態(tài)，要求學生明確地掌握各個時態(tài)的定義以及它們在時間上的劃分段和用法?！爸鷦釉~will或shall+動詞原形”這一形式，表示將來發(fā)生的事情，用于征求對方的意見或表示客氣的邀請?，F(xiàn)在完成時表示到說話時為止（或到現(xiàn)在為止）已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了（不一定結束）的動作或狀態(tài)，共有四種主要用法：一、現(xiàn)在完成時表示影響；二、現(xiàn)在完成時表示持續(xù)；三、現(xiàn)在完成時表示重復；四、現(xiàn)在完成時表示將

26、來。而在此題中As you go through this book是一個現(xiàn)在時了，所以后文就不能出現(xiàn)過去時或過去完成時。雖然在此題中沒有明確的時間狀語，但從意思上還是可以理解出來的。 4. Unless some extra money________, the theatre will be close. A. was found B. finds C. is found D. found 【答案】C 【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：除非找到一些額外的錢，否則，劇院就倒閉了。根據(jù)主句的將來時態(tài)可知，狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時，因為find

27、和money之間是被動關系，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。故選C。 【名師點睛】本題考查一般現(xiàn)在時表將來和被動語態(tài)。Unless引導條件狀語從句。表示讓步、相似、比例的從句也必須用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。如： You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier. 除非你早點動身，否則你就不能及時趕到那兒。 I’ll follow him wherever he goes. 他去哪兒，我就跟著去哪兒。 Whatever you say, I won’t pay. 無論你說什么，我都不會付錢。 Whether we hel

28、p him or not, he will fail. 無論我們幫他與否，他都會失敗。 The more you eat, the fatter you will become. 你吃得越多就會越胖?？忌⒁鈿w納總結。 題組一 基礎過關 單項填空 1. In the Himalayas, large tracks have been discovered which some people say ___________ the Wild Man. A. belonging to B. belong to C. are belonging to D

29、. to belong to 2. Frank ___________ stamps in his spare time. It’s his hobby. A. is collecting B. collects C. collected D. was collecting 3. Honesty ___________ an important role in a child’s ability to succeed in school and later life. A. played B. plays C. had played D. has p

30、layed 4. The dictionary still ___________ where I ___________ it moment ago. A. lies；lay B. lied；lay C. laid；laid D. lies；laid 5. Different types of teas ___________ by skilled tea-tasters before appearing in the Tea Trade Centre. A. are tasted B. were tasted C. tasted D. have

31、tasted 6. Mary cleverly met the customer’s requirements that you ___________ to deal with, so she won the competition. A. failed B. fail C. may fail D. must fail 7. My TV had just been repaired, so I ___________ to the pub to watch the World Cup final match last night. A. needn’t had g

32、one B. didn’t need to go C. needn’t have gone D. mustn’t have gone 8. —My boss went to Beijing on business and ___________ me, a green hand, ___________ the company. —He really believes in you! Don’t let him down. A. left；in the charge of B. had left；in the charge of C. left；in charge

33、of D. had left；in charge of 9. —Hi, Michael, I heard you just came back from a holiday. —Yes, I ___________ for a week in China and 5 days in India. A. stayed B. have stayed C. stay D. would stay 10. —She’s upset for what you said. —I ___________. A. don’t mean any harm

34、B. didn’t mean to hurt her C. don’t mean to hurt her D. didn’t mean hurting her 題組二 能力提升 短文改錯 Yesterday was my father’s birthday. We made many preparation for it. Early in the morning, my mother and I set off for the department store to find gift for Father. We chose very careful, eventual

35、ly a warm sweater caught our eye but was purchased. To showing my love for my father, I made a birthday cake under the help of my mother. In the evening, we got together to celebrate her birthday. With candles lit, we sang Happy Birthday out loud and clapped, that made the room alive with the sound

36、 of cheering. Then we take a family photo to record the happy moment. When I saw tears of joy in Father’s eye, I was filled in with a feeling of accomplishment and happiness. 題組三 體驗真題 1.（2016全國新課標卷III﹒語法填空）Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 49 (be) too violent for us

37、e at the table. 2.【2016全國新課標卷III﹒短文改錯）They always tell me what to do and how to do it. 3.（2016江蘇）More efforts, as reported, ________in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform. A. are made B. will be made C. are being made D. have been made 4.(2015湖南卷單項填空) Thats w

38、hy I help brighten peoples days. If you ________， whos to say that another person will? A. didnt B. dont C. werent D. havent 5.（2015江蘇卷單項填空）The real reason why prices ____ , and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. A. were

39、 B. will be C. have been D. had been 6. （2015重慶卷單項填空）—Is Peter coming? —No, he____ his mind after a phone call at the last minute. A. changes B. changed C. was changing D. had changed 題組一 基礎過關 單項填空 1. B 【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時。句意：在喜馬拉雅，大型蹤跡已經(jīng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些人說這些蹤跡是屬于野人的。

40、which引導定語從句，指代large tracks，在從句中作say后面的賓語從句的主語，空處是謂語，排除A、D兩項；belong to不能用進行時，排除C項。故選B。 2. B 【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：Frank在他的空閑時間收集郵票。這是他的愛好。根據(jù)＂It’s his hobby＂可知，這是Frank經(jīng)常做的事情，用一般現(xiàn)在時，故選B。 3. B 【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：誠實對于一個孩子能否在學業(yè)上和以后的生活中取得成功起著重要的作用。這句話是客觀事實用一般現(xiàn)在時。故選B。 6. A 【解析】考查一般過去時。句意：Mary聰明地滿足了你沒有應付得來的顧客的要求，所以她贏

41、得了比賽。that引導的是定語從句，不是同位語從句，不能用虛擬語氣，根據(jù)Mary cleverly met可知用一般過去時。故選A。 7. B 【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：我的電視已經(jīng)被修好了，所以昨晚我沒有必要去酒吧看世界杯決賽。因為時間是last night，這句話的謂語用一般過去時。故選B。 8. C 【解析】考查時態(tài)和介詞短語。該句中動詞leave和went是并列的謂語動詞，時態(tài)應一致，故用left；in the charge of＂由某人負責＂，表被動意義；in charge of＂負責＂，表主動意義，結合句意，應是＂我負責公司＂，故選C項。 9. A 【解析】考查一般過去時

42、。句意：——你好，Michael，我聽說你剛剛度假回來。——是的，我在中國待了一周，在印度待了五天。根據(jù)語境，Michael度假回來了，在中國一周是過去的事情，用一般過去時。故選A。 10. B 【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)以及動詞的用法。句意：——你所說的讓她有些難過?！也皇怯幸鈧λ?。mean to do sth意為＂打算做某事＂，mean doing sth意為＂意味著做某事＂；再根據(jù)語境可判斷出此處應用一般過去時，故選B。 題組二 能力提升 Yesterday was my father’s birthday. We made many for it. Early in the m

43、orning, my mother and I set off for the department store to find gift for Father. We chose very , eventually a warm sweater caught our eye was purchased. To my love for my father, I made a birthday cake the help of my mother. In the evening, we got together to celebrate birthday. With candles

44、lit, we sang Happy Birthday out loud and clapped, made the room alive with the sound of cheering. Then we a family photo to record the happy moment. When I saw tears of joy in Father’s eye, I was filled with a feeling of accomplishment and happiness. 第三處：careful改成carefully 修飾動詞chose用副詞。故把car

45、eful改成carefully。 第四處：but改成and 由語境可知，這里是遞進關系而不是轉折關系，故把but改成and。 第五處：showing改成show 這里是不定式作目的狀語。故把showing改成show。 第六處：under改成with with the help of意為＂在……幫助下＂。故把under改成with。 第七處：her改成his 由上文＂my father’s birthday＂可知這是爸爸的生日，用his。故把her改成his。 第八處：that改成which 這里是非限制性定語從句，用which指代上文內容，在定語從句中作主語，that

46、不能引導非限制性定語從句。故把that改成which。 第九處：take改成took 本文的主體時態(tài)是一般過去時。故把take改成took。 第十處：去掉in be filled with意為＂充滿了＂。故去掉in。 題組三 體驗真題 1.were 【解析】考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指的是刀子因太暴力而不適合在餐桌上使用，believed后跟一個賓語從句，and連接了兩個并列的謂語，主語knives是復數(shù)，根據(jù)時態(tài)一致的原則，這里用一般過去時，故填were。 2.tell → told【解析】考查時態(tài)。短文通篇都是在回憶過去的事情，使用的是一般過去時，故把tell改為told。 5.A 【解析】句意：過去和現(xiàn)在價格一直居高不下的真正原因很復雜，簡短的討論解釋這一問題無法讓人滿意。根據(jù)題干中“and still are”的提示可知過去價格也居高不下，故用一般過去時，表示過去的狀態(tài)。故選A項。 6.B 【解析】句意：＂彼得來了嗎？＂＂沒有，剛才接到一個電話后改變主意了。＂根據(jù)at the last minute在最后一秒可能發(fā)生在過去，故用一般過去時。 14