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2019-2020年高中英語 Unit2 Growing pains grammar and usage教案2 牛津譯林版必修1 The grammar item in this unit will still deal with attributive clauses. You are first expected to learn about the attributive clause introduced by a preposition + which and a preposition + whom. You will also learn how to use attributive clauses introduced by the relative adverbs when, where and why. Step 1: Prep.+ which & prep.+ whom An attributive clause can be introduced by a prep.+ which/whom and let’s see in what circumstances these two forms are used. 1. Point 1 on page 28 Point out the antecedents and their functions in the following two sentences. We thought you were a person from whom we could expect good decisions. (The antecedent is a person. In the attributive clause it serves as the object of the preposition from.) The money with which you were to buy dog food is gone. (The antecedent is the money. Its function in the attributive clause is the object of the preposition with.) 2. Point 2. The Maths teacher is the person from whom I got an A plus. Art is the subject about which I know little. 3. Points 3 and 4. Dad is a person to whom I can easily talk. Dad is a person whom/that/who I can easily talk to. Dad is a person I can easily talk to. Note: The preposition in the attributive clause must be used whether the relative pronouns are left out or not. 4. Point 5. The sentences in Point 5 show us how to use the attributive clause to modify the antecedent way. Now the ecercises in Parts A and B on page 29. For Part A, you should pay attention to the antecedent to see whether it refers to a person/people or sth./things. plete each sentence according to its meaning. Answers A 1 c 2 d 3 b 4 a 5 e 6 h 7 f 8 g B 1 which 2 which 3 about 4 from 5 from Resources You may want to know more about in what situation a prep.+ which/whom should be used and how to use a proper preposition. More sentences with attributive clauses introduced by a prep.+ which/whom can be used as examples. *The pen with which I write my homework every day is broken, so Ill have to buy a new one. (with herecan’t be omitted for we say, “I write my homework with the pen every day”) *Can you please give me some paper on which I can write a note? (I can write a note on the paper.) *Do you know the woman with whom our teacher is talking? (Our teacher is talking with the woman.) *Do you know the name of the girl about whom our teacher is talking? (Our teacher is talking about the girl.) *The man from whom I bought the old picture is over eighty years old. (I bought the old picture from the man.) Step 2: Relative adverbs: when, where and why Here you will learn in what condition when, where or why is used to introduce an attributive clause. And let’s see what other words can be used to replace when, where or why. 1. When the noun or the antecedent refers to a certain period of time and is used as the adverbial of time in the attributive clause, when is used to introduce the clause. Here when is used as a relative adverb. Let’s read the three example sentences in Point 1 on page 30 and tell what when refers to in each of the sentences. In Sentence 1, when refers to on that day. In Sentence 2, when refers to at that moment. In Sentence 3, when refers to at that time. So these sentences can be expressed in some other ways as the following: Do you remember the day on which we left you in charge? I often think of the moment at which I saw the UFO. I remember the time at which Eric won that speech petition. 2. When the noun or the antecedent refers to a place and is used as the adverbial of place in the attributive clause, where is used to introduce the clause. Here where is used as a relative adverb. Read the four example sentences in Point 2 and tell what where refers to in each sentence. In Sentence 1, where refers to in the house. In Sentence 2, where refers to in the country. In Sentence 3, where refers to in the city. In Sentence 4, where refers to in the family. So these sentences can be expressed in some other ways as the following: The police searched the house in which the thief had stayed. Mike wants to work in a country in which there are a lot of rain forests. Is Shanghai the city in which he was born? This is not a family in which bad behavior goes unpunished. 3. When the noun or the antecedent is the word reason and is used as the adverbial of reason in the attributive clause, why is used to introduce the clause. Here why is used as a relative adverb. Read the two example sentences in Point 3. 4. Read the sentences in Point 4 and learn how to say the sentences with attributive clauses introduced by when, where or why in more formal English. We can use in which instead of where, on which instead of when and for which instead of why in the three sentences. Aanswers (1) why/ for which(2) when (3) in which (4) where/ in which (5) when/ on which Answers Part C1 (page 88) 1. whom 2. why 3. that/which 4. whom 5. that/which 6. whom 7. where 8. when 9. that/which 10. where Part C2 (page 88) 1. that---which/去掉in 2. 去掉it 3. which---why 4. that---where 5. that ---where 6. 在the person 加who/that 7. which---that/在which前加in 8. that---when which---when 10. that---why Resources when or where cant be used to introduce an attributive clause if the antecedent is used as the subject or object in the clause though they refer to a time or a place. It is the same with the word reason. *Shanghai is the first city that Eric visited in China. (The antecedent the first city is used as the object of the verb visit in the attributive clause.) *The city which/that gives Eric a deep impression in China is Shanghai. (The antecedent the city is used as the subject in the clause.) *He will always remember the days that/which he spent in China. (The antecedent the days is used as the object of the verb spent in the attributive clause.) *I must get home before January 22, which is the first day of the Spring Festival. (The antecedent January 22 is used as the subject in the clause.) *The reason that/which he gave us is good enough. (The antecedent the reason is used as the object of the verb gave in the clause.)