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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)話題語(yǔ)篇專攻練16科普發(fā)明一外研版 Ⅰ. 閱讀理解 A (xx洛陽(yáng)模擬) A man enters a store to buy milk. He walks out of the store with milk. That is all—milk. At the same time, a woman enters the same grocery store also to buy milk. She buys it. But, she also buys chicken and lemons to make dinner that night. She also gets a bottle of wine for drinks with friends and a birthday card for her husband’s niece. And that is the difference between the female and male brains simply explained in a grocery store. Generally speaking, men do one thing at a time. Women do many. Doing many things at one time is often called “multi-tasking”, a very popular word these days. Now scientific research supports this theory about male and female brains. A recent study has confirmed what we have known all along—men and women think differently. Scientists at the University of Pennsylvania studied brain images of 949 people aged from 8 to 22 years old. They found that male brains have more connections on one side of the brain, or hemisphere. In the female brain, they found more activity and connections between the right and left sides of the brain. The left side of the brain is known as the side of “reason”. The right hemisphere is known as the“creative”side. Regina Verma is a professor at the University of Pennsylvania. She co-wrote the report. She says when women are asked to do something plicated they might use different parts of the brain. But men generally use just one. As a result, men generally deal directly with a problem. There is a strong connection between the “understanding” and the “action” parts of their brains. Women, however, might include other parts of the brain, like the part connected with “reason” and the part connected with sensitivity when solving a problem. Women take a less direct path to find a solution. Thanks for your listening. I’m your announcer Anna Matteo. 【文章大意】本文是一篇科普類文章, 講述了男女大腦的構(gòu)造不同。生活中男性更加理性、單一而直接地執(zhí)行某一任務(wù), 而女性在同一時(shí)間習(xí)慣做很多事情。 1. From Paragraph 1, we can learn that women______. A. are more hard-working than men B. are more multi-tasking than men C. are more careful than men D. go shopping more than men 【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后提到的Generally speaking, men do one thing at a time. Women do many. Doing many things at one time is often called “multi-tasking”. . . 可知B正確。 2. When asked to do something plicated, men______. A. only use the “reason” side of the brain B. only use the “creative” side of the brain C. use different parts of the brain D. use one part of the brain 【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句可知選D。 3. The main purpose of the passage is to tell us______. A. that men and women really think differently B. who want to go shopping more, men or women C. why women want to do many things at one time D. that men and women all like to drink milk 【解析】選A。主旨大意題。本文主要講述男女大腦的不同導(dǎo)致行為的不同。 B A Japanese tele pany has released a robot that it says has emotions. But rather than run in fear from it, we’ve weled it into our homes: Pepper, the “emotional robot”, sold out within a minute of going on sale. Created by Aldebaran Robotics and Japanese mobile giant SoftBank, Pepper went on sale to the general public in Japan on June 20. It is“the first humanoid(類人的)robot designed to live with humans, ”Aldebaran says on its website. Pepper costs about $1, 600. And like all good mobile products, there’s a $120 per month data fee, as well as an $80 per month damage insurance fee. According to a news release, Pepper can pick up on human emotions and create his own using a“multi-layer neural network”. Pepper’s touch sensors and cameras are said to influence its mood, which is displayed on the tablet-sized screen on its chest. Pepper will sigh when unhappy, and can go around your house recording your family’s daily activity. Aldebaran says Pepper can feel“joy, surprise, anger, doubt and sadness”, but it doesn’t say how strongly it can feel these emotions. What happens when Pepper is having a bad day? Will it, like many humans, bee uncooperative? Will it ask for some time alone? What happens if it figures out that its purpose in life is just to engage in small talk? Thankfully, Pepper is only about four feet tall, with roller balls instead of legs, so if it is angry with and even turns on its owners, you’ll be safe if you can make it upstairs. Aldebaran says in reality, they’re probably quite a few decades away from artificial intelligence that could generate real emotions. Aldebaran wasn’t immediately available for ment on when Pepper will be available outside of Japan, but additional sales are scheduled for July after the first 1, 000 units sell out. SoftBank currently uses the robots in its stores as greeters, and it plans to offer Pepper to other stores in the future. Hopefully“boredom”is not an emotion Pepper can feel. 【文章大意】本文介紹了日本的一家電信公司發(fā)布了一臺(tái)“情感機(jī)器人”, 闡述了情感機(jī)器人的使用消費(fèi)、功能以及未來的前景。 4. According to the author, Pepper______. A. is very popular among customers B. can not only run but also show fear C. is going to be sold all over the world D. can deal with many kinds of housework 【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的Pepper, the“emotional robot”, sold out within a minute of going on sale. 可知, Pepper非常受消費(fèi)者歡迎。 5. How much do you need to pay for Pepper’s data fee and damage insurance fee each year? A. 80 dollars. 　　　　　　 B. 120 dollars. C. 1, 440 dollars. D. 2, 400 dollars. 【解析】選D。數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)第二段中的. . . there’s a $120 per month data fee, as well as an $80 per month damage insurance fee. 可知, 每年用于Pepper的data fee and damage insurance fee為(120+80)12=2400。故選D。 6. Pepper’s height and roller balls are mentioned to______. A. introduce its appearance B. tell us Pepper won’t get angry C. show that safety isn’t a big issue D. explain robots have strong emotions 【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的. . . Pepper is only about four feet tall, with roller balls instead of legs, so if it is angry with and even turns on its owners, you’ll be safe if you can make it upstairs. 可知, 介紹Pepper的height and roller balls是為了表明安全不是大問題。故選C。 7. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Pepper cannot produce real emotions. B. Pepper can feel joy, surprise and boredom. C. Pepper will be sold in other countries next year. D. Pepper is being used as waiters in some restaurants. 【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Aldebaran says in reality, they’re probably quite a few decades away from artificial intelligence that could generate real emotions. 可推斷, Pepper現(xiàn)在不能產(chǎn)生真正的情感。故選A。 Ⅱ. 完形填空 Do you check your work emails when you’re on holiday? Do you call your__1__to ask what’s happening in the office even on 8 days off? To be__2__, I do. When I see no signal on my mobile phone in a shopping centre or no wi-fi by the beach, I get__3__. Yes, I’m__4__to work. Technology fuels our need to stay__5__all the time. Portable gadgets__6__us to work from home, __7__from the nine-to-five routine endured by our parents. __8__they also make it more difficult for us to__9__and recharge our“batteries”. Indeed, not all__10__want us to be connected all the time. German car maker Daimler, __11__, has offered to automatically delete emails sent to employees while they’re__12__. The sender of the email receives a message asking him to get in__13__with another employee who’s on duty, or to re-send the message at a later date. The response to this service is basically__14__with 99% of the employees considering it“very good”. Occupational psychologists have been studying workers’inability to relax when__15__duty. They found a number of people were__16__because they were traveling with　technology which allows them to remain connected with work all the time. However, employers and employees alike are__17__that we’re more productive if we get the work-life balance right. An app to deal with this problem has been created. If you are worried about spending too much time on your smartphone, this app is to__18__your usage. The app__19__you if you go beyond a certain limit. 　　Perhaps we should all take some time out to consider__20__we’re addicted to work, or addicted to technology, or both. It’s good to switch off once in a while. 【文章大意】當(dāng)代社會(huì), 很多人對(duì)工作上癮, 對(duì)一些現(xiàn)代科技上癮。作者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該對(duì)這種現(xiàn)象做些改變, 并介紹了一款可以控制手機(jī)使用的程序。 1. A. colleagues B. relatives C. parents　 D. specialists 【解析】選A。背景常識(shí)題。詢問辦公室發(fā)生的事情當(dāng)然是問同事而不是其他的人。 2. A. exact B. certain C. honest D. positive 【解析】選C。習(xí)語(yǔ)搭配題。說實(shí)話, 我是這樣的。to be honest說實(shí)話。 3. A. excited B relaxed C. touched D. anxious 【解析】選D。詞語(yǔ)辨析題。如果我發(fā)現(xiàn)在商城里手機(jī)沒有信號(hào), 或者在海灘上沒有wi-fi, 我會(huì)很著急。anxious著急的。 4. A. blind B. addicted C. familiar D. similar 【解析】選B。詞語(yǔ)辨析題。是的, 我對(duì)工作上癮。下文提到了addicted這一單詞。 5. A. devoted B. discouraged C. connected D. confused 【解析】選C。詞語(yǔ)辨析題?？萍甲屛覀円恢北３致?lián)系。devoted忠誠(chéng)的; discouraged泄氣的; connected有聯(lián)系的; confused困惑的。 6. A. allow B. force C. persuade D. drive 【解析】選A。詞語(yǔ)辨析題。便攜式設(shè)備允許我們?cè)诩依镛k公, 這使我們免于父輩們朝九晚五的工作慣例的束縛。allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事。 7. A. free B. absent C. tired D. far 【解析】選A。詞語(yǔ)辨析題。free from免于。 8. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Instead D. However 【解析】選D。邏輯推理題。上句表達(dá)了便攜設(shè)備的優(yōu)勢(shì), 而下文則講了它們的缺點(diǎn), 故用however。 9. A. concentrate B. continue C. relax D. succeed 【解析】選C。詞語(yǔ)辨析題。然而它們讓我們很難放松并恢復(fù)精力。 10. A. friends B. employers C. customers D. assistants 【解析】選B。邏輯推理題。事實(shí)上, 并不是所有的雇主都希望我們一直保持聯(lián)系。從下句中的car maker可知答案。 11. A. for example B. or rather C. to make it worse D. just in case 【解析】選A。詞語(yǔ)辨析題。此處以“Daimler”為例。 12. A. in charge B. on holiday C. within reach D. at work 【解析】選B。詞語(yǔ)辨析題。德國(guó)汽車制造商Daimler會(huì)主動(dòng)刪除發(fā)給在度假的員工的郵件。on holiday在度假, 符合語(yǔ)境。 13. A. touch B. trouble C. line D. effect 【解析】選A。詞語(yǔ)搭配題。郵件發(fā)送者會(huì)收到要求其與值班員工聯(lián)系的信息。get in touch with與……取得聯(lián)系, 固定搭配。 14. A. special B. casual C. popular D. positive 【解析】選D。邏輯推理題。下文提到了99%的員工認(rèn)為這一做法很好, 故對(duì)這一做法的反應(yīng)是“積極的”。 15. A. on B. off C. with D. at 【解析】選B。習(xí)語(yǔ)搭配題。off duty歇班的時(shí)候。 16. A. cut off B. settled down C. worn out D. put away 【解析】選C。詞語(yǔ)辨析題。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)很多人會(huì)筋疲力盡, 因?yàn)樗麄兌燃俚臅r(shí)候攜帶著可以使自己與工作隨時(shí)聯(lián)系的設(shè)備。worn out筋疲力盡的。 17. A. pretending B. realizing C. questioning D. blaming 【解析】選B。詞語(yǔ)辨析題。然而, 雇主和員工同樣認(rèn)識(shí)到如果工作和生活得到平衡, 那么我們的工作效率就會(huì)更高。 18. A. plete B. ruin C. control D. improve 【解析】選C。詞語(yǔ)辨析題。如果你擔(dān)心會(huì)在智能手機(jī)上花費(fèi)太多時(shí)間, 這個(gè)應(yīng)用程序會(huì)控制你的使用。 19. A. recognizes B. amuses C. confirms D. warns 【解析】選D。詞語(yǔ)辨析題。如果你對(duì)手機(jī)的使用超出一定限制, 這個(gè)程序就會(huì)警告你。 20. A. that B. whether C. when D. where 【解析】選B。詞語(yǔ)辨析題。或許我們應(yīng)該拿出些時(shí)間考慮一下我們是否對(duì)工作或科技上癮。 Ⅲ. 語(yǔ)法填空 　　閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 　　What should you do if you are not able to sleep? The best thing is to try to avoid bad habits. If you always go to bed and get up at about the same time, this sets a 1._______ (health)rhythm in your life. Don’t drink caffeine drinks in the evening which can also keep you awake. You may have trouble 2. ________(sleep)if you have a heavy meal just before you go to bed. You may also find it difficult 3. ________(get)to sleep if you have a problem or something else in your mind. This is 4. ________you need to relax. As you lie in bed, tense the muscles in your feet and then relax 5. ________. Continue up the body, tensing and relaxing the muscles until you reach the head. Start with the feet again if you are still tense. If you 6. ________(think)about a problem or about something exciting that is going to happen the next day, get up and write about it 7. ________ (quick). That will help to take it off your mind. You can also get up and read, but be sure to choose 8. ________book that is not too difficult. Otherwise, you may get so 9. ________(interest)that you won’t want to go to sleep even when you feel sleepy. Sleep well! Sweet 10. ________(dream)! 1. 【解析】healthy?？疾樾稳菰~?？蘸笫敲~, 應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞。 2. 【解析】sleeping。考查固定句型。have trouble doing sth. 做某事有困難。 3. 【解析】to get。考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句型find it +形容詞+ to do sth. 判斷填不定式。 4. 【解析】when。考查表語(yǔ)從句。空后的表語(yǔ)從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。因此填when。 5. 【解析】them?？疾榇~。根據(jù)前文的feet判斷用them。 6. 【解析】are thinking/think?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)空后的is going to和整個(gè)語(yǔ)境應(yīng)填一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填are thinking/think。 7. 【解析】quickly。考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞write用副詞。 8. 【解析】a。考查冠詞。從后面的is可知: 選一本不太難的書。 9. 【解析】interested。考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。表示人的感受用interested。 10. 【解析】dreams。考查名詞。dream是可數(shù)名詞, 空前無限定詞, 應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 故填dreams。 ①scientific research　　　 科學(xué)研究 ②confirm v. 證實(shí) ③plicated adj. 復(fù)雜的 ④release v. 發(fā)布 ⑤neural adj. 神經(jīng)的 ⑥display v. 展示; 陳列 ⑦uncooperative adj. 不合作的