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1、單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),第三級(jí),第四級(jí),第五級(jí),Voice&Auxiliary verb,語態(tài)與助動(dòng)詞,VOICE,語態(tài),定義：,語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用于說明主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系,語態(tài)分類,Types of voice in English language,1.Active voice,主動(dòng)語態(tài),2.Passive voice,被動(dòng)語態(tài),Passive voice,被動(dòng)語態(tài),1.,基本形式,Basic structure of passive voice,be +p.p(transitive verb),2.,涉及被動(dòng)的八種時(shí)態(tài),8 tenses i

2、nvolving passive voice:,Present:,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（,present indefinite tense,）,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（,present perfect tense,）,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（,present continuous tense,）,Past:,一般過去時(shí)（,past indefinite tense,）,過去完成時(shí)（,past perfect tense,）,過去進(jìn)行時(shí)（,past continuous tense,）,Future,：,一般將來時(shí)（,future indefinite tense,）,Past-future,：,一般過去將來時(shí)（,future-

3、in-the-past indefinite tense,）,被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般疑問和否定結(jié)構(gòu),Passive voice in general question and negative structure,for general question:,將第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞移至主語之前,eg:It,is,written,Is,it written,？,2.for negative structure,：,助動(dòng)詞后加,not,eg,：,It is,not,written,主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義,1.,常見涉及的動(dòng)詞,：,look,taste,sound,prove,feel,write,read,wash,s

4、ell,lock,shut,close,open,eg:He pen,writes,smoothly.(,筆是被使用）,The window wont,shut.,（窗戶是被關(guān)上）,2.,need,want,require,deserve+V-ing,的主動(dòng)形式,eg,：,This machine,needs fixing,這個(gè)機(jī)器需要修理（被修理）,This work,requires finishing,這項(xiàng)工作需要完成（被完成）,3.be worth+V-ing,This place,is worth visiting,這個(gè)地方值得參觀（被參觀）,4.,有些形容詞后接不定式作狀語時(shí)，常用

5、主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義：,easy,hard,difficult,cheap,expensive,fit,nice,good,funny,exciting,light,heavy,dangerous,comfortable,delicious,eg,：,His book is,difficult,to understand,.,他的書很難理解（被理解）,The details of this case is,dangerous,to know,.,這個(gè)案件的細(xì)節(jié)了解起來很危險(xiǎn)（被了解）,5.,在,there be,句型中，可以用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義,Is there anything to read

6、?,有什么（書）可以讀的嗎？（被讀）,There is nothing to worry about.,沒什么事好擔(dān)心（被擔(dān)心）,各時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),passive voice in different tenses,主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài),1.,找賓語,-,即動(dòng)作的承受者,2.,判斷賓語的單復(fù)數(shù),-,即,be,動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù),.,3.,判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài),-,即,be,動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài),.,4.,修改謂語的時(shí)態(tài),-,即原句動(dòng)詞改為過去分詞,5.,修改原句的主語,-,即,by+,主語,/,賓語,.,eg:,They,make,shoes,in that factory,Shoes,are made,in tha

7、t factory,被動(dòng)語態(tài)功能用法,1,）動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者不明或動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者沒有必要提及,Printing,was introduced,into Europe from China.(,動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者不明）,Human,rights were ignored,in this country.,（動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者不必提及，可能涉及多方面的忽視）,2,）同時(shí)重視動(dòng)作承受者以及動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者。涉及,by,的使用。,A lot of towns in New zealand were destroyed,by,the earthquake.,I was shocked,by,her behavior.,短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語

8、態(tài),動(dòng)詞,+,介詞：,look at,depend on,call on,laugh at,send for,listen to,etc.,eg:,We have sent,for,the doctor.,The doctor,has been sent,for,.,they,laughed at,the little girl.,The little girl,was laughed at,by them.,2.,動(dòng)詞,+,名詞,+,介詞,:take care of,make use of,pay attention to,etc.,eg:,I takes care of,my sister

9、.,My,sister is taken care of,by me.,3.,動(dòng)詞,+,副詞：,carry out,look up,hand down,take off,put on,give up,etc.,eg,：,They,have,successfully,carried out,the policy.,The policy,has been,successfully,carried out,.,4.,動(dòng)詞,+,副詞,+,介詞：,put up with,do away with,look down upon,etc.,eg:They class,looked down upon,the

10、 new student at the beginning.,The new student,was looked down upon,by the class at the beginning.,含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu),passive voice structures with modal verb,modal verb+be+P.P,eg:,We must handle,this work with care.,This work,must be handled,with care.(by us),We,have to finish,the assignment.,The assignm

11、ent,have to be finished,by us.,雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)主動(dòng)變被動(dòng),He,gave,me,a book,.,(,變被動(dòng)）,主,謂 間賓,直賓,I,was given,a book by him.(,間賓作主）,A book,was given,to,me by him.(,直賓作主）,即：變被動(dòng)時(shí)間接賓語做主語，則直接賓語還是賓語,變被動(dòng)時(shí)直接賓語要做主語，間接賓語前要加,to,或,for,主動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)中如有復(fù)合賓語，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)時(shí)謹(jǐn)記一個(gè)原則：,只將復(fù)合賓語中的邏輯主語變?yōu)橹髡Z，其余不作變動(dòng)。,We,found,him working in the fields,.,（,復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)

12、）,邏輯主語為,him,He,was found,working in the fields,（,by us,）,被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別？,被動(dòng)語態(tài)：,表動(dòng)作,；句子主語為動(dòng)作對(duì)象。,過去分詞必須是及物動(dòng)詞,。故被動(dòng)語態(tài),be,動(dòng)詞有時(shí)態(tài)之分。,The,play was written,with great care.,The play,has been written,with great care.,The play,is being written,with great care.,系表結(jié)構(gòu),表性質(zhì)、狀態(tài),；過去分詞作為形容詞使用，其系動(dòng)詞,be,時(shí)態(tài)只涉及一般時(shí),/,完成時(shí)；,有,w

13、ell,very,quite,等副詞修飾；過去分詞可以是,gone,fallen,risen,等不及動(dòng)詞,be broken,，,be excited,，,be well educated,，,be connected with,，,be separated from,，,be surprised at,，,be concerned about,Auxiliary verb,助動(dòng)詞,助動(dòng)詞,be,的用法,1.be+,現(xiàn)在分詞,V-ing,構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí),We,are preparing,the dinner.,She came in when we,were discussing,about he

14、r new boyfriend.,2.be+,過去分詞,done,構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài),I,was stopped,by the parade.,They,are shocked,by the terrible news.,3.be+,不定式,to do,1),未來安排計(jì)劃,The consulting group,is to leave,Africa next Monday.,2),必要，命令或詢問對(duì)方意志,You are to sit there during interrogation.,（命令）,What it is to be done?,（詢問）,3),表可能性,I am not sure

15、 whether he,is to show up,tonight.,=I am not sure whether he,may show up,tonight.,4)be+about+,動(dòng)詞不定式,to do,表計(jì)劃即將,The meeting,is about to begin,.,have,的用法,構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài),do(did),的用法,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)中的疑問句和否定句,Do,you understand?,Did,you know the truth by then?,I,do not,want to help an ungrateful person.,she,did not,

16、say that,！,2.,否定祈使句,Dont,be such a coward.,Dont,hesitate to ask me for any help if needed.,You,do not,bump into people on the sidewalk like that!,3.,加強(qiáng)語氣,I,do have,the feeling that she will come.,Do send,me the links of this beautiful dress.,4.,倒裝句中,Never,did,I expect to see you here.,only then,did,I realize how important she is to me.,5.,簡略答語中替代主要?jiǎng)釉~（避免重復(fù)）,Does she work as an actress?-Yes,she,does.,shall,和,will,構(gòu)成一般將來時(shí)，后接動(dòng)詞原形,should,和,would,構(gòu)成過去將來時(shí)，后接動(dòng)詞原形,