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1、最新 精品 Word 歡迎下載 可修改 ISO 14001:2021 ISO 14001:2021 環(huán)境管理體系—要求及使用指南 Environmental management systems- Requirements with guidance for use 目錄 前言 引言 1范圍(略) 2引用標準(略) 3術(shù)語和定義(略) 4環(huán)境管理體系要求 4.1總要求 4.2環(huán)境方針

2、 4.3規(guī)劃(策劃) 4.3.1環(huán)境因素 4.3.2法律與其它要求 4.3.3目標、指標與管理方案 4.4實施與運作 4.4.1資源、角色、職責(zé)與權(quán)限 4.4.2能力、培訓(xùn)與意識 4.4.3信息溝通 4.4.4文件 4.4.5文件控制 4.4.6運行控制 4.4.7應(yīng)急準備與響應(yīng) 4.5檢查 4.5.2守法評價 4.5.3不符合，糾正措施和預(yù)防措施 4.5.4記錄控制 4.5.5內(nèi)部審核

3、 4.6管理評審 附錄A(提示的附錄) 本標準使用指南 附錄B(提示的附錄) ISO 14001:2021與 ISO 9001:2000的聯(lián)系 文獻目錄 前言(略) 引言(略) 1范圍(略) 2引用標準(略) 3術(shù)語和定義(略) 4.環(huán)境管理體系要求 4.1總要求 組織應(yīng)按本標準的要求建立環(huán)境管理體 系，形

4、成文件，加以實施和保持，并持續(xù)改 進。組織應(yīng)確定如何滿足這些要求。 組織應(yīng)確定環(huán)境管理體系的范圍并形成 文件。 4.2環(huán)境方針 最高管理者應(yīng)制定組織的環(huán)境方針， 并確保在其確定的環(huán)境管理體系范圍內(nèi): a)適合于組織的種類、規(guī)模，并與其活 動、產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的環(huán)境影響相適應(yīng); b)包括對持續(xù)改進和污染預(yù)防的承諾; c)包括對遵守適用法律要求和組織應(yīng) 遵守的其它與環(huán)境因素相關(guān)的要求的承諾; d)提供建立和評審環(huán)境

5、目標和指標的 框架； e)形成文件，付諸實施并予以保持; f)傳達到全體為組織工作或代表組織 的人員; g)可為公眾所獲取。 4.3規(guī)劃(策劃) 4.3.1環(huán)境因素 組織應(yīng)建立、實施并保持程序，用來: a)確定其環(huán)境管理體系范圍內(nèi)的活動 產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)中能夠控制和能夠施加影響的環(huán)

6、 境因素，此時還應(yīng)考慮到已納入計劃的或新 的開發(fā)、新的或修改的活動、產(chǎn)品和服務(wù); b)判定那些對環(huán)境具有重大影響，或可 能具有重大影響的因素(即重要環(huán)境因素)。 組織應(yīng)將這方面的信息形成文件并及時 更新。 組織應(yīng)確保在建立、實施和保持其環(huán)境 管理體系時，對重要環(huán)境因素加以考慮。 4.3.2法律與其它要求 組織應(yīng)建立、實施并保持一套程序: a)用來確定適用于其環(huán)境因素的法律， 以及其它應(yīng)遵守的要求;并

7、 b)確定如何將這些要求應(yīng)用于其環(huán)境 因素。 組織應(yīng)確保在建立、實施和保持其環(huán)境 管理體系時，對這些適用的法律要求及其他 組織應(yīng)遵守的要求加以考慮。 4.3.3目標、指標和方案 組織應(yīng)針對其內(nèi)部相關(guān)職能和層次，建 立、實施并保持環(huán)境目標和指標。環(huán)境目標 和指標應(yīng)形成文件。 目標和指標應(yīng)是可測量的、可實現(xiàn)的， 符合環(huán)境方針，并包括對污染預(yù)防、遵守適 用的法律

8、要求及其它組織應(yīng)遵守的要求和持 續(xù)改進的承諾。 組織在建立與評審目標和指標時，應(yīng)考 慮法律要求與組織應(yīng)遵守的其它要求、它自 身的重要環(huán)境因素，還應(yīng)考慮可選技術(shù)方案 財務(wù)、運行和經(jīng)營要求，以及各相關(guān)方的觀、 點。 組織應(yīng)制訂、實施并保持一個或多個旨 在實現(xiàn)目標和指標的方案，其中應(yīng)包括: a)規(guī)定組織的有關(guān)職能和層次實現(xiàn)目 標和指標的職責(zé); b)實現(xiàn)目標和指標的方法和時間表。

9、 4.4實施與運行 4.4.1資源、作用、職責(zé)與權(quán)限 管理層應(yīng)確保為建立、實施、保持和改 進環(huán)境管理體系所必須的資源提供。資源包 括人力資源和專項技能、組織的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、 技術(shù)以及財力資源。 作用、職責(zé)及權(quán)限應(yīng)予以明確規(guī)定，形 成文件，并得到溝通，以促進有效的環(huán)境管 理。 組織的最高管理者應(yīng)指定專門的管理者 代表，無論他(們)是否還負有其它方面的責(zé) 任，應(yīng)明確規(guī)定其作用、職責(zé)和權(quán)限，以便: a)確保按照本國際標準的要求建立、實 施與保持環(huán)境管理體系;

10、 b)向最高管理者匯報環(huán)境管理體系的 運行情況以供評審，包括改進的建議。 4.4.2能力、培訓(xùn)和意識 組織應(yīng)確保其工作具有潛在重大環(huán)境影 響的為其作業(yè)或代表其作業(yè)的所有人員，具 備適當?shù)慕逃⑴嘤?xùn)或經(jīng)驗，并應(yīng)保持相關(guān) 記錄。 組織應(yīng)確定與環(huán)境因素及環(huán)境管理體系 相關(guān)的培訓(xùn)需要，提供培訓(xùn)或采取其他措施 以滿足這些需求，并保持相關(guān)的記錄。 組織應(yīng)建立、實施并保持一套程序，使 為其工作或代表其工作的人員意識到: a)符合環(huán)境方針與程序和符合環(huán)境管 理體系要求的重要性; b)重要環(huán)境因素，他們工作活動中實際 的或潛在的重大環(huán)境

11、影響，以及個人工作的 改進所帶來的環(huán)境績效; c)他們在實現(xiàn)環(huán)境管理體系要求方面 的作用與職責(zé); d)偏離規(guī)定的程序的潛在后果。 4.4.3信息交流 組織應(yīng)建立、實施并保持一套程序，用 于有關(guān)其環(huán)境因素和環(huán)境管理體系的 a)組織內(nèi)各層次和職能間的內(nèi)部信息 交流; b)與外部相關(guān)方聯(lián)絡(luò)的接收、文件形成 和答復(fù)。 組織應(yīng)決定是否就其重要環(huán)境因素進行 外部溝通，并將其決定形成文件。如果決定 進行溝通，組織應(yīng)建立并實施外部信息交流 的方法。 4.4.4文件 環(huán)境管理體系文件應(yīng)包括: a)環(huán)境

12、方針、目標和指標; b)環(huán)境管理體系范圍的描述; c)對管理體系主要要素及其相互作用 的描述，及相關(guān)文件的引用; d)本國際標準所要求的文件，包括記 錄; e)組織所確定的、為確保與其重要環(huán)境 因素有關(guān)的過程的有效策劃、運行和控制所 必需的文件，包括記錄。 4.4.5文件控制 環(huán)境管理體系及本國際標準所要求的文 件應(yīng)予以控制。記錄是一種特殊類型的文件， 應(yīng)依據(jù)4.5.4的要求予以控制。 組織應(yīng)建立、實施并保持一套程序，用 于: a)文件發(fā)布前得到批準，以確保文件是 充分與適宜的; b)必要時對

13、文件進行評審與更新，并再 次批準; c)確保文件的更改和現(xiàn)行修訂狀態(tài)得 到識別; d)確保在使用處可獲得適用文件的有 關(guān)版本; e)確保文件保持清晰，易于識別; f)確保由組織確定的、對其環(huán)境管理體 系的策劃和運行所必需的外來文件得到識 別，并控制其分發(fā); g)防止作廢文件的非預(yù)期使用，若因任 何原因而保留作廢文件時，對這些文件進行 適當?shù)臉俗R。 4.4.6運行控制 組織應(yīng)確定和計劃與所標識的重要環(huán)境 因素有關(guān)的運行，這些運行應(yīng)與環(huán)境方針、 目標和指標一致，以確保它們在程序規(guī)定的 條件下進行。程序的建立應(yīng)符合下述

14、要求: a)對于缺乏程序指導(dǎo)可能導(dǎo)致偏離環(huán) 境方針、目標和指標的運行，應(yīng)建立、實施 并保持一套以文件支持的程序; b)在程序中對這些運行的標準予以規(guī) 定; c)對于組織所使用的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)中已 標識的重要環(huán)境因素，應(yīng)建立、實施和保持 一套程序，并將適用的程序和要求通報供方 包括承包方。 4.4.7應(yīng)急準備和響應(yīng) 組織應(yīng)建立、實施并保持一套程序，以 確定潛在的緊急情況和潛在事故可能對環(huán)境 造成的影響以及應(yīng)如何對其做出響應(yīng)。 組織應(yīng)對實際緊急情況和事故做出反應(yīng) 并預(yù)防或減少對環(huán)境的相關(guān)負面影響。 組織應(yīng)定期評審，必要時，

15、特別是在事 故或緊急情況發(fā)生后，應(yīng)修訂其應(yīng)急準備和 響應(yīng)程序。 可行時，組織還應(yīng)定期試驗上述程序。 4.5檢查 4.5.1監(jiān)視與測量 組織應(yīng)建立、實施并保持一套程序，對 可能具有重大環(huán)境影響的運行的關(guān)鍵特性進 行例行監(jiān)視和測量。這些程序應(yīng)包括對績效、 有關(guān)的運行控制、組織環(huán)境目標和指標符合 情況的信息文件。 組織應(yīng)確保使用經(jīng)校準或檢定后的監(jiān)視 與測量設(shè)備，并妥善維護，有關(guān)記錄應(yīng)予以 保持。 4.5.2守法評價 4.5.2.1組織應(yīng)根據(jù)遵守法律的承諾，建立、 實施和保持一套以文

16、件支持的程序，以定期 評價對有關(guān)法律要求的遵循情況。 組織應(yīng)保存定期評價結(jié)果的記錄。 4.5.2.2組織應(yīng)評價其適用的其他要求的遵 循情況。組織可參考4.5.2.1的要求，將該評 價工作與法律遵循情況的評價合并，也可建 立單獨的程序。 組織應(yīng)保存定期評價結(jié)果的記錄。 4.5.3不符合，糾正措施和預(yù)防措施 組織應(yīng)建立、實施并保持一套程序，用 來處理實際的和潛在的不符合，并采取糾正 措施和預(yù)防措施。此程序應(yīng)規(guī)定以下方面要 求: a)識別和糾正不符合，并采取措施減少 伴隨的環(huán)境影響; b)

17、調(diào)查不符合，確定其產(chǎn)生的原因并采 取措施避免再次發(fā)生; c)評價預(yù)防不符合發(fā)生的措施的需求， 并采取適當措施避免不符合發(fā)生; d)記錄所采取糾正措施和預(yù)防措施的 結(jié)果; e)評審所采取糾正措施和預(yù)防措施的 有效性。 所采取的措施應(yīng)與減少這些問題和環(huán)境 影響程度相適應(yīng)。 組織應(yīng)確保對環(huán)境管理體系文進行所需 的修訂。 4.5.4記錄控制 組織應(yīng)建立并保持所必需的記錄，以證 明其符合環(huán)境管理體系及本國際標準的要 求，并記錄完成情況。 組織應(yīng)建立、實施和保持一套程序，以 規(guī)定記錄的標識、貯存、保護、檢索、保存 期限和處置所需的控制。 記

18、錄應(yīng)保持清晰、易于識別和可追溯性。 4.5.5內(nèi)部審核 組織應(yīng)確保按策劃的時問問隔對環(huán)境管 理體系進行內(nèi)部審核，從而 a)判定環(huán)境管理體系是否 1)符合對環(huán)境管理工作的預(yù)定安a) 排和本國際標準的要求; 2)得到了正確的實施和保持。 b)向管理者報送審核結(jié)果。 組織應(yīng)策劃、建立、實施和保持審核方 案，并考慮到所涉及運行的環(huán)境重要性和以 前審核的結(jié)果。 應(yīng)建立、實施和保持審核程序，指出: 一策劃和實施審核、報告結(jié)果及保持相 關(guān)記錄的職責(zé)和要求; 一審核標準、范圍、頻率及方法的決定。 審核員的選擇及審核的實施

19、應(yīng)確保審核 過程的客觀性和公正性。 4.6管理評審 最高管理者應(yīng)按策劃的時問問隔評審環(huán) 境管理體系，以確保其持續(xù)的適宜性、充分 性和有效性。評審應(yīng)包括評價環(huán)境管理體系 改進機會和變更的需要，包括環(huán)境方針、環(huán) 境目標和指標。應(yīng)保持管理評審的記錄。 管理評審的輸入應(yīng)包括: a)內(nèi)審結(jié)果，對與組織相關(guān)的法規(guī)要求 及其他組織應(yīng)遵守的要求的遵守情況的評 價; b)來自外部相關(guān)方的信息交流，包括投 訴; c)組織的環(huán)境表現(xiàn); d)目標和指標的達成程度; e)糾正和預(yù)防措施的狀況; f)以往管理評審的跟蹤措施; g)不斷變化的

20、客觀環(huán)境，包括與其環(huán)境 因素相關(guān)的法律和其他要求的變化; h)改善建議。 h)改善建議 管理評審的輸出應(yīng)包括與環(huán)境方針、目 標、指標及環(huán)境管理體系其他要素的可能的 變化有關(guān)的任何決定和措施，目_符合持續(xù)改 進的承諾。 附錄A(提示的附錄)本標準使 用指南(略) 附錄B(提示的附錄)ISO 14001:2021與ISO 9001:2000的 聯(lián)系(略) 文獻目錄(略) Contents Foreword Introduction 1Sc

21、ope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Environmental management system requirements 4.1 General requirements 4.2 Environmental policy 4.3 Planning 4.4 Implementation and operation 4.5 Checking 4.6 Management review

22、 Annex A (informative) Guidance on the use of this International Standard Annex B(Informative) Correspondence between ISO 14001:2021 and ISO 9001:2000 Bibliography Foreword Introduction 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Environmental managemen

23、t system 4.1 General requirements The organization shall establish, document, implement, maintain and continually improve an environmental management system in accordance with the requirement of this international Standard and determine how it with fulfil these requirements.

24、 The organization shall define and document the scope of its environmental management system. 4.2 Environmental policy Top management shall define the organization’s environmental policy and ensure that, within the defined scope of its environmental management sy

25、stem, it a) is appropriate to the nature, scale and environmental impacts of its activities, products and services, b) includes a commitment to continual improvement and prevention of pollution, c) includes a commitment to comply with applicable legal requirements and with other

26、 requirements to which the organization subscribes which relate to its environmental aspects, d) provides the framework for setting and reviewing environmental objectives and targets, e ) is documented, implemented and maintained, f ) is communicated to

27、all persons working for or on behalf of the organization, and g) is available to the public. 4.3 Planning 4.3.1 Environmental aspects The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) a) to identify the environmental aspects of i

28、ts activities, products and services within the defined scope of the environmental management system that it can control and those that it can influence taking into account planned or new developments, or new or modified activities, products and services, and b) to determine those aspects tha

29、t have or can have significant impacts) on the environment (i.e. significant environmental aspects). The organization shall document this information and keep it up to date. The organization shall ensure that the significant environm

30、ental aspects are taken into account in establishing, implementing and maintaining its environmental management system. 4.3.2 Legal and other requirements The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) a) to identify and h

31、ave access to the applicable legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes related to its environmental aspects, and b) to determine how these requirements apply to its environmental aspects. The organizat

32、ion shall ensure that these applicable legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes are taken into account in establishing. Implementing and maintaining its environmental management system. 4.3.3 Objectives, targets and programme(s) The organi

33、zation shall establish, implement and maintain documented environmental objectives and targets, at relevant functions and levels within the organization. The objectives and targets shall be measurable where practicable, and consistent with the environmental policy, including the commitments to

34、 prevention of pollution, to compliance with applicable legal requirements and with other requirements to which the organization subscribes, and to continual improvement. When establishing and reviewing its objectives and targets,an organization shall take into account the legal re

35、quirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes, and its significant environmental aspects. It shall also consider its technological options, its financial, operational and business requirements, and the views of interested parties. The o

36、rganization shall establish, implement and maintain a programme(s) for achieving its objectives and targets. Programme(s) shall include a) designation of responsibility for achieving objectives and targets at relevant functions and levels of the organization, and b) the mean

37、s and time-frame by which they are to be achieved. 4.4. Implementation and operation 4.4.1 Resources, roles, responsibility and authority Management shall ensure the availability of resources essential to establish, implement, maintain and improve the environmental management system. Resou

38、rces include human resources and specialized skills, organizational infrastructure, technology and financial resources. Roles, responsibilities and authorities shall be defined, documented and communicated in order to facilitate effective environmental management. The organizations top ma

39、nagement shall appoint a specific management representatives) who, irrespective of other responsibilities, shall have defined roles, responsibilities and authority for a) ensuring that an environmental management system is established, implemented and maintained in accordance with the requir

40、ements of this International Standard, b) reporting to top management on the performance of the environmental management system for review, including recommendations for improvement. 4.4.2 Competence, training and awareness The organization shall ensure that any person(s) performing tasks

41、 for it or on its behalf that have the potential to cause a significant environmental impact(s) identified by the organization is (are) competent on the basis of appropriate education, training or experience, and shall retain associated records. The organization shall identify training needs

42、 associated with its environmental aspects and its environmental management system. It shall provide training or take other action to meet these needs, and shall retain associated records. The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedures) to make persons working for it o

43、r on its behalf aware of a) the importance of conformity with the environmental policy and procedures and with the requirements of the environmental management system, b) the significant environmental aspects and related actual or potential impacts associated with their work, and

44、 the environmental benefits of improved personal performance, c) their roles and responsibilities in achieving conformity with the requirements of the environmental management system, and d) the potential consequences of departure from specified procedures. 4.4.3 Communication Wit

45、h regard to its environmental aspects and environmental management system, the organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedures) for a) internal communication among the various levels and functions of the organization, b) receiving, documenting and responding to relevant

46、communication from external interested parties. The organization shall decide whether to communicate externally about its significant environmental aspects, and shall document its decision. If the decision is to communicate, the organization shall establish and implement a methods) for this e

47、xternal communication. 4.4.4 Documentation The environmental management system documentation shall include a) the environmental policy, objectives and targets, b) description of the scope of the environmental management system, c) description of the main elements of the environmental m

48、anagement system and their interaction, and reference to related documents, d) documents, including records, required by this International Standard, and e) documents, including records, determined by the organization to be necessary to ensure the effective planning, operation and control of p

49、rocesses that relate to its significant environmental aspects. 4.4.5 Control of documents Documents required by the environmental management system and by this International Standard shall be controlled. Records are a special type of document and shall be controlled in accordance with the

50、requirements given in 4.5.4. The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedures) to a) approve documents for adequacy prior to issue, b) review and update as necessary and re-approve documents, c) ensure that changes and the current revision status of documents are ide

51、ntified, d) ensure that relevant versions of applicable documents are available at points of use, ensure that documents remain legible and readily identifiable, f) ensure that documents of external origin determined by the organization to be necessary for the planning and operation of the env

52、ironmental management system are identified and their distribution controlled, and g) prevent the unintended use of obsolete documents and apply suitable identification to them if they are retained for any purpose. 4.4.6 Operation control

53、 The organization shall identify and plan those operations, that are associated with the identified significant environmental aspects consistent with its environmental policy, objectives and targets, in order to ensure that they are carried out under specified conditions, by a)establishing,

54、 implementing and maintaining a documented procedures) to control situations where their absence could lead to deviation from the environmental policy, objectives and targets, and b)stipulating the operating criteria in the procedure(s),and c)establishing, implementing and maintaining proced

55、ures related to the identified significant environmental aspects of goods and services used by the organization and communicating applicable procedures and requirements to suppliers, including contractors. 4.4.7 Emergency preparedness and response The organization shall establish, implemen

56、t and maintain a procedures) to identify potential emergency situations and potential accidents that can have an impacts) on the environment and how it will respond to them. The organization shall respond to actual emergency situation and accidents and prevent or mitigate associated adverse

57、 environmental impacts . The organization shall periodically review and, where necessary, revise its emergency preparedness and response procedures, in particular, after the occurrence of accidents or emergency situations. The organization shall also periodically test such procedures where

58、practicable. 4.5 Checking 4.5.1 Monitoring and measurement The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedures) to monitor and measure, on a regular basis, the key characteristics of its operations that can have a significant environmental impact. The procedures) shall i

59、nclude the documenting of information to monitor performance, applicable operational controls and conformity with the organizations environmental objectives and targets. The organization shall ensure that calibrated or verified monitoring and measurement equipment is used and maintained and

60、shall retain associated records. 4.5.2 Evaluation of compliance 4.5.2.1 Consistent with its commitment to compliance, the organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedures) for periodically evaluating compliance with applicable legal requirements. The organization shall kee

61、p records of the results of the periodic evaluations. 4.5.2.2 The organization shall evaluate compliance with other requirements to which it subscribes. The organization may wish to combine this evaluation with the evaluation of legal compliance referred to in 4.5.2.1 or to establish a separat

62、e procedure(s). The organization shall keep records of the results of the periodic evaluations. 4.5.3 Nonconformity, corrective action and preventive action The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedures) for dealing with actual and potential nonconformity (ies) and

63、 for taking corrective action and preventive action. The procedures) shall define requirements for a) identifying and correcting nonconformity(ies) and taking actions) to mitigate their environmental impacts, b) investigating nonconformity(ies), determining their Cause(s) and taking a

64、ctions in order to avoid their recurrence, c) evaluating the need for actions) to prevent nonconformity(ies) and implementing appropriate actions designed to avoid their occurrence, d) recording the results of corrective actions) and preventive actions) taken, and e) reviewing the effectivene

65、ss of corrective actions) and preventive actions) taken. Actions taken shall be appropriate to the magnitude of the problems and the environmental impacts encountered. The organization shall ensure that any necessary changes are made to environmental management system documentation. 4.5.4

66、Control of records The organization shall establish and maintain records as necessary to demonstrate conformity to the requirements of its environmental management and of this International Standard, and the results achieved. The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedures) for the identification, storage, protection, retrieval, retention and disposal of records. Records shall be and remain legible, identifiable, and traceable. 4.5.5 Internal audit The