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2019-2020年高中英語 模塊11 Unit2 單元背景知識(shí)學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)案 牛津版選修11 I. How to succeed in a job interview? 如何取得工作面試的成功 Background research is critical for success in an interview. Your research should focus on two key areas: 1) General background information about the organization 2) Specific information on the role that you are applying for General information on the organization can be found using several sources. The Internet is an incredibly valuable source of information on the majority of panies – many sites will freely give you almost all the information that you will need for the interview. You can also talk to people you know who work for the organization, or people who are their clients or suppliers. Watch, read, and listen to the news. While you are job searching you should try and monitor current affairs and the business news as often as possible. If an organization has been in the news recently they will expect exceptional candidates to have noticed! Focus on the specific role that you have applied for. Make sure you hold onto the adverts for all jobs that you have applied for, as these summaries for you the key details that employers are looking for. Employers particularly dislike ringing candidates for an interview only to find the candidate can’t even remember applying for the job! Have an understating of the tasks you will be expected to perform in the role and the responsibilities that you might assume. Always obtain a copy of a position description if one is available, it will help you anticipate many of the likely questions. Think about replies to mon questions. While you can’t prepare for all possible questions, some questions appear in almost every interview and employers will expect you to have answers to such questions as: What are your strengths and weaknesses? Why do you want to work for this pany? What do you have to offer us? What are your career goals? What do you see yourself doing in five years from now? Ten years? Why did you choose this career? What does success mean to you? At the end of the first year, if you got this job, how would you measure your success? Are you willing to relocate? How much do you expect to be paid? What are the most important considerations for you in choosing a job? What achievements have given you the most satisfaction? Why? Tell me about a time you were under pressure and how you handled it. Tell us a bit about yourself. While it is not a good idea to rehearse exact answers, it is often useful to practice verbalising possible answers to these mon interview questions, be it to friends, family, or even to the mirror! This will give you greater confidence when answering questions, and it will also help you to evaluate how your answer sounds before you have to put it to the test in front of an actual interview panel. II. Successful Job Interview Tips - Careers-Employment Congratulations! Youve finally landed that job interview youve been waiting for. Now the real work begins! Remember, resumes dont get jobs; they merely get you in the door. Heres how to make your resume e alive and make a good impression. Tell Your Story in 60 Seconds or Less. Believe it or not, one of the biggest stumbling blocks for job candidates is what to say when an interviewer opens with: tell me something about yourself. This is not the time to share where you were born, your love of cats, or how much you hate your last boss! It’s your golden opportunity to make your resume e alive. Your story needs to highlight your top three selling points that are most pertinent (相關(guān)的,切題的) to the job for which you are applying. Support your points with short examples (see below). You may have more selling points, and if the interviewer is interested he or she will ask. Practice telling your story out loud until it’s smooth and concise. Give Specific Examples. For every selling point you’ve listed on your resume, you need at least one strong, specific example to support it. Great at customer service? Wow them with the story of your best customer turnaround. Marketing whiz? Dazzle them with your best campaign. Brilliant puter programmer? Give an example of how you saved someone time, money, or solved a problem. Do Your Research. There’s no excuse for walking in the door unprepared. Check the pany website, read magazine and newspaper stories; talk to friends or current employees. Ask the receptionist for old pany newsletters, scour local business journals. The more you know, the more confidently you can match your skills to the pany’s needs. Think Benefits. No, I’m not talking health and dental here! I mean, why should the pany hire you? What’s in it for them? Most people sit down and start outlining all their needs: salary, hours, driving distance, blah, blah, blah. Fatal mistake. panies are not in the business of handing out something for nothing. So what can you offer that nobody else can? Don’t Be Afraid to Ask Questions. A person who is afraid to ask questions in an interview is one who won’t ask questions on the job. That leads to costly mistakes. You need to ask just as many questions as they do. Start the moment your interview is scheduled. Who will be interviewing you? Find out names and titles. Is there anything special you should prepare? How much time should you expect? During the interview, ask questions that will help you determine if this is a good match. What would a typical day be like? What personality qualities does the pany most value? DO NOT ask about money! Once you’re offered the job, then it’s time to negotiate. Be Consistent. First impressions begin long before meeting face-to-face. Starting with your resume, proofread! A resume with typos broadcasts carelessness. Once you’ve sent your resume, be prepared for a call. Answer your phone professionally and be aware of your voicemail or answering machine message. What does it say about you? Be nice to the receptionist. That person’s opinion can make or break you. Send a Handwritten Thank You Note. A classy move that few people make. Ask for a business card to get the correct spelling and follow up immediately. Susan Fee is a licensed counselor, munications expert, and author of Positive First Impressions: 83 Ways to Establish Confidence, petence, and Trust. She can be reached through her Web site at susanfee III. English Slangs: 學(xué)一點(diǎn)俚語 英語俚語是一種非正式的語言，通常用在非正式的場合，所以在用這些俚語是一定要考慮到所用的場合和對(duì)象，最好不要隨意用這些俚語。下面是一些常用的俚語。 1. a bird in the hand is worth two the bush 一鳥在手，勝似二鳥在林 2. a blank slate 干凈的黑板（新的一頁，新的開始） 3. a bone to pick 可挑剔的骨頭（爭端，不滿） 4. a cat nap 打個(gè)盹兒 5. a chip off the old block 大木頭上砍下來的小木片（子肖其父） 6. a chip on ones shoulder 肩頭的木片（自卑感，因?yàn)樽员岸鴲壅覄e人麻煩；喜歡向人挑釁） 7. a couch potato 躺椅上的馬鈴薯（懶鬼） 8. a cake walk 走去吃糕（易事） 9. a headache 頭痛（麻煩事） 10. a knock out 擊倒（美得讓人傾倒） 11. a load off my mind 心頭大石落地 12. a nut 傻子，瘋子 13. a pain in the neck 脖子疼（苦事） 14. a piece of cake 一塊蛋糕（小菜一碟，易事一件） 15. a pig 豬玀 16. a shot in the dark 盲目射擊（瞎猜） 17. a short fuse 引線短（脾氣火爆） 18. a sinking ship 正在下沉的船 19. a slam dunk 灌籃（輕而易舉的事） 20. a slap in the face 臉上挨了一耳光（公然受辱） 21. a smoke screen 煙幕 22. a social butterfly 社交蝴蝶（善于交際，會(huì)應(yīng)酬的人） 23. a stick in the mud 爛泥中的樹枝 24. a thick skin 厚臉皮 25. a thorn in someones side 腰上的荊棘（芒刺在背） 26. a turn coat 反穿皮襖的人（叛徒） 27. an uphill battle 上坡作戰(zhàn)（在逆境中求勝） 28. a weight off my shoulders 放下肩頭重?fù)?dān) 29. ace 得滿分（得到完美的結(jié)果） 30. all ears 全是耳朵（洗耳恭聽） 31. all thumbs 滿手都是大拇指（笨手笨腳） 32. an ace up my sleeve 袖里的王牌 33. an open and shut case明顯的事件 34. ants in ones pants 褲襠里有螞蟻（坐立不安） 35. back in the saddle重上馬鞍（重整旗鼓） 36. back on track重上軌道（改過自新） 37. backfire逆火（弄巧成拙，適得其反） 38. ball and chain 鐵球鐵鏈，甜蜜的枷（老婆） 39. beat a dead horse 鞭打死馬令其奔馳（徒勞） 40. beaten by the ugly stick 被丑杖打過（生得難看） 41. beggar cant be choosers 討飯的談不上挑三揀四 42. bet on it 下這一注穩(wěn)贏（有把握，無疑） 43. bet your life 把命賭上（絕對(duì)錯(cuò)了） 44. better half 我的另一半 45. between a rack and a hard place 進(jìn)退維谷（前有狼后有虎） 46. big headed 大腦袋（傲慢，自大） 47. bigger fish to fry 有更大的魚要炸（有更重要的事要辦） 48. bite off more than one can chew 貪多嚼不爛 49. bite the bullet 咬子彈（強(qiáng)忍痛苦） 50. birds of a feather flock together 羽毛相同的鳥總飛成一群（物以類聚） 51. blow up in you face 在眼前爆炸（事情完全弄砸了） 52. bologna 胡說，瞎說 53. break a leg 折斷一條腿（表演真實(shí)，演出成功） 54. break the ice 破冰（打破僵局） 55. bright聰明，靈光 56. brown nose 討好，諂媚 57. bug somebody 使人討厭 58. bull in a china shop 瓷器店里的蠻牛（笨拙的人，動(dòng)輒弄壞東西的人） 59. bump into 撞上（巧遇） 60. burn brides 燒橋（過河拆橋） 61. burst your bubble 扎破泡泡（打破人的幻想，煞風(fēng)景） 62. bury ones head in the sand把頭埋在沙里（自欺欺人） 63. butterfingers奶油手指（抓不穩(wěn)東西的人） 64. butterflies in my stomach肚里有只蝴蝶（心里緊張，七上八下） 65. buy the farm買下農(nóng)場（歸道山，死了） 66. call it a night一日事畢，可以睡覺了 67. cant teach an old dog new tricks老狗學(xué)不會(huì)新把戲 68. cash in my chips兌換籌碼（睡覺，就寢） 69. chicken雞（膽小鬼） 70. circle the wagons把篷車圍成一圈（嚴(yán)陣以待） 71. clean up ones act自我檢點(diǎn)，自我改進(jìn) 72. e down in bucket傾盆大雨 73. e down in sheets整片整片地下（傾盆大雨） 74. cool your lips冷靜下來 75. cost someone an arm and a leg要花上一條胳膊一條腿（代價(jià)昂貴） 76. count on something /doing something 這事靠得住 77. count your chickens before they hatch 蛋還沒孵化，先數(shù)小雞 78. crock 破瓦片（無用之物，廢話） 79. cross the line 跨過線（做得太過分了） 80. cross that bridge when we e to it 到了橋頭就過橋（船到橋頭自然直） 81. cry over spilled milk 為潑了牛奶而哭（為過去的失敗而懊喪） 82. cushion the blow 給墊著點(diǎn)兒（說話綿軟一點(diǎn)，以免打擊太重） 83. cut to the chase 抄捷徑去追獵物（不繞圈子，開門見山，單刀直入） 84. daily grind 例行苦事，每天得干的苦工 85. days are numbered 來日無多 86. dead center 正當(dāng)中 87. dead-end street 死路，死巷子 88. dog 狗（丑八怪） 89. domino effect 骨牌效應(yīng) 90. dont hold your breath 別憋著呼吸（別期望太高） 91. dont look a gift horse in the mouth 贈(zèng)馬不看牙（收人禮物別嫌好道歹） 92. down to the wire 最后關(guān)頭 93. down under 南邊（常指面半球的澳洲） 94. downhill from here 從此都是下坡路（自此每況愈下） 95. drop the ball 掉了球（失職） 96. empty nest 空巢（兒女長大離家） 97. every cloud has a silver lining 烏云也有銀邊（禍兮福所倚，塞翁失馬） 98. fall into place 落實(shí)，就緒 99. fender bender 撞彎保險(xiǎn)杠的車禍（小車禍） 100. fight tooth and nail 爪牙并施，拚命抵抗 101. fine line 細(xì)線（微妙的差別） 102. fish out of water 如魚離水 103. flash in the pan 淘金盆里的反光（空歡喜一場，好景不長） 104. fork in the road 岔路 105. fox 狐貍（并無貶意） 106. framed 被陷害，遭栽贓 107. full throttle 加足馬力 108. get a foot in the door 一腳已經(jīng)進(jìn)了門里（獲得立足點(diǎn)，占一份） 109. get hitched 拴起來（結(jié)婚） 110. get off on the wrong foot 起步便錯(cuò)（第一印象不佳） 111. get the ball rolling 讓球滾起來（動(dòng)起手來） 112. get/give the green light 綠燈亮了（獲準(zhǔn)行動(dòng)） 113. get up on the wrong side of the bed 起床下錯(cuò)邊 (心情不佳) 114. give the shirt off ones back 連襯衫都肯脫給人（慷慨成性） 115. go one step too far 多走了一步（做得太過分了） 116. go out on a limb 爬高枝（擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)） 117. go overboard 過火 118. go to hell in a hand basket 坐著吊籃下地獄（一壞不可收拾） 119. go to ones head 上頭上臉，沖昏頭腦 120. go under 沉沒（破產(chǎn)） 121. goose bumps 雞皮疙瘩 122. grasp for straws 抓稻草（絕望中的掙扎，快要淹死的人連漂浮的稻草也抓） 123. guts 膽子 124. hot 惹火 125. have ones cake and eat it too 既想留著蛋糕，又想吃（既要魚，又要熊掌） 126. hindsight is 20/20 事后的先見之明 127. hit stride 腳步走順了 128. hit the books 撞書（用功） 129. hit the hay 倒在稻草上（睡覺、就寢） 130. hit the jackpot 中了頭彩 131. hit the road 上路 132. hold a candle to 給他拿蠟燭都不配（元不能相比） 133. hold the key to my heart 掌管我心靈的鑰匙 134. hold your horses 勒住你的馬（慢來） 135. hang somebody out to dry 把……晾起來了（把……坑苦了） 136. in ones back pocket 在某人褲子后口袋里（是某人的囊中之物） 137. in the dark 在黑暗中（茫然，什么也不知道） 138. in the lime light 站在聚光燈圈里（出風(fēng)頭） 139. in the spotlight 站在聚光燈圈里（出風(fēng)頭） 140. its Greek to me 希臘文（天書） 141. in the middle of nowhere 周圍什么也沒有（前不見村，后不著店） 142. joined at the hip 連體嬰（死黨，從不分開的兩個(gè)人） 143. jump the gun 槍未響先偷跑（搶先） 144. just what the doctor ordered 正是大夫說的（對(duì)癥下藥） 145. keep an ear to the ground 一耳貼地（注意新動(dòng)向） 146. keep ones fingers crossed/cross ones fingers 把手指交叉成十字架（暗祈上蒼保佑） 147. kick the bucket 踢水桶（翹辮子） 148. kill two birds with one stone一箭雙雕，一舉兩得 149. kiss up to 討好 150. kitty corner 小貓的角落（斜對(duì)角） 151. knuckle sandwich 指節(jié)骨三明治（飽以老拳） 152. landslide 山崩（壓倒性的勝利） 153. last straw 最后一根稻草 154. left a bitter taste in ones mouth 留下滿嘴苦味（留下不愉快的回憶） 155. left hanging 被晾起來了（被掛起來，懸而不決） 156. let sleeping dogs lie 別驚動(dòng)睡著的狗（別無事生非，過去的事不要再提） 157. let the cat out of the bag 放出袋中貓（泄密，說漏嘴） 158. light a fire under your butt 在屁股下點(diǎn)一把火（促其行動(dòng)） 159. light at the end of the tunnel 隧道末端的光（一線希望） 160. like hot cakes 象剛出爐的蛋糕（很受歡迎的東西，搶手貨） 161. like looking for a needle in a haystack 如同在稻草堆里找一根針（大海撈針） 162. like pulling hens teeth 跟拔母雞的牙一樣（艱苦不堪） 163. like shooting fish in a barrel 桶里射魚（甕中捉鱉） 164. like stealing candy from a baby 娃娃手里騙糖（易事） 165. ling winded 長舌，碎嘴 166. loose cannon 松動(dòng)的大炮（一觸即發(fā)的脾氣） 167. lose ones marbles 瘋了，神智不清 168. low blow 不正當(dāng)?shù)墓?，下流手? 169. make a mountain out of a molehill 把小土堆說成大山（小題大作） 170. make him and break the mold 上帝造了他以后就把模型砸了（再?zèng)]有跟他一樣的人了） 171. Monday morning quarterback 星期一早晨的四分衛(wèi)（馬后炮） 172. monkey business 猢猻把戲（胡鬧） 173. monkey on ones back 背上的猴子（難以擺脫的負(fù)擔(dān)） 174. more than you can shake a finger at 屈指難數(shù) 175. more than one way to skin a cat 剝貓皮各有巧妙不同（另有辦法） 176. music to my ears 愛聽的話 177. my old man 我的老頭（我父親） 178. nail in the coffin 棺材釘子（致使的一擊，決定成敗的最重要因素） 179. neck and neck 馬脖子靠著馬脖子（齊頭并進(jìn)，不分軒輊） 180. no sweat 不出汗（沒什么大不了） 181. not dealing with a full deck 腦子里少幾張牌（頭腦不正常） 182. nothing will leave these walls 話不傳出這四堵墻之外（言不入六耳） 183. off the charts 好得沒治了 184. off the deep end 暴跳如雷 185. off the fop of ones head 臨時(shí)一想，隨口一說 186. on a good note 盡歡而散 187. on a roll 做得很順，勢(shì)如破竹 188. on cloud nine 九霄云上 189. on fire 著火了（紅火，手氣旺） 190. on my nerves 惹我心煩 191. on pins and needles 如坐針氈，坐立不安 192. on tap 桶裝啤酒（現(xiàn)成的，預(yù)備好的） 193. on the back burner 擱在靠后的爐子上（靠邊站） IV. English Idioms To strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵． Good luck would never e in pairs. 福不雙至． Fire proves gold, adversity proves men. 烈火顯真金，逆境識(shí)英雄． Long hair and short wit. 頭發(fā)長，見識(shí)短． Blood is thicker than water. 血濃于水． If you would not be known to do anything, never do it. 若要人不知，除非己莫為． In unity here is strength. 團(tuán)結(jié)就是力量． He whose belly is full believes not him who is fasting. 飽漢不知餓漢饑． Easier said than done. 說時(shí)容易做時(shí)難． Idleness is the root of all evil. 懶惰是萬惡之源． Wall has ears. 隔墻有耳． Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion. 寧做雞頭，不做鳳尾． The foremost dog catches the hare. 早起的鳥兒有蟲吃． Every potter praises his own pot. 老王賣瓜，自賣自夸． The fox preys farthest from home. 兔子不吃窩邊草． The proof of the pudding is in the eating. 要知道梨子的滋味，最好是親口嘗一嘗． One swallow does not make a summer. 一花獨(dú)放不是春． One drop of poison infects the whole tun of wine. 一顆老鼠屎壞了一鍋粥． Set a fox to keep ones geese. 引狼入室． What do you expect from a pig but a grunt? 狗嘴里吐不出象牙 He that es of a hen must scrape. 老鼠的兒子會(huì)打洞． When the cats away, the mice will play. 山中無老虎，猴子稱大王． Sink or swim. 不進(jìn)則退． He that had no cross deserves no crown. 不吃苦中苦，難得人上人． Jack of all trades, master of none. 博而不專． Opportunity seldom knocks twice. 機(jī)不可失 A miss is as good as a mile. 失之毫厘，謬以千里． Better to be sure than sorry. 寧可信其有，不可信其無． Enough is as good as a feast 知足者常樂 Who spits against heaven, it falls in his face. 自作自受 An unfortunate man would be drowned in a tea-cup. 人倒霉喝涼水都塞牙 Rome was not built in a day. 冰凍三尺非一日之寒 It takes two to make a quarrel. 一個(gè)巴掌拍不響 Failures are the pillars of success. 失敗是成功之母 Truth needs not many words. 有理不在聲高 To pay him back in his own coin. 即以其人之道，還治其人之身