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2019-2020年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)《特殊句式》教案 新人教版 熱點(diǎn)考向一　強(qiáng)調(diào)句 1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本句型 It is/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋句子剩余成分 (1)強(qiáng)調(diào)人時(shí)可用who/that來連接，強(qiáng)調(diào)事物時(shí)用that。 所強(qiáng)調(diào)的可以是單詞、短語，也可以是從句，但結(jié)構(gòu)必須完整。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分可以是主語、賓語和狀語，但不能是定語或謂語。 It is I who/that am right.(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語) 我才是對的。 It was him that/who/whom we met at the school gate.(強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語) 我們在學(xué)校門口遇到的是他。 It was because her mother was ill that she didnt go to work.(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語) 她之所以沒來上班，是因?yàn)樗赣H病了。 2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊句式 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊句式 結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成 一般疑問句 Is/Was it＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？ 特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞＋is/was it＋that＋句子其他部分？ not until句式 It is/was not until...＋that＋句子其他部分 not...but...句式 It is not...＋that...，but.../It is not...but...that... Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out? 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)是在1939年爆發(fā)的嗎？ When was it that you called me yesterday? 你昨天給我打電話是什么時(shí)候？ What is it that you want me to do? 你要我做什么？ I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. →It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. 直到她摘掉墨鏡我才認(rèn)出她是著名影星。 He didnt go to bed until 11 oclock last night. 他昨晚直到十一點(diǎn)才睡覺。 →It was not until 11 oclock last night that he went to bed. 3.用助動(dòng)詞do，does或did來強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞，用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的肯定的陳述句中，do還可以用于祈使句。 Do be careful while crossing the street. 過馬路時(shí)一定要當(dāng)心。 He did e to see you last Sunday，but you were out. 他上周日的確來看過你，但是你出去了。 判斷一個(gè)句子是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型還是其他句型，最簡單的方法就是“還原法”，即去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特有結(jié)構(gòu)It is/was...that/who...，若去掉這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)后句子仍然成立，那該句型便是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，否則，就可能是其他句型。 (1)It was he who did all the cleaning. (2)It is a pity that he has failed again. 熱點(diǎn)考向二　倒裝 1. 完全倒裝 (1)There be＋主語＋...，此結(jié)構(gòu)中的be有時(shí)用stand/exist/lie/live/flow/seem等不及物動(dòng)詞代替 There seems to be something wrong with the machine. 好像機(jī)器出了點(diǎn)問題。 (2)Here/There/Now/Then/Thus＋不及物動(dòng)詞＋名詞 There goes the bell.Lets go into the lecture hall. 鈴響了，我們進(jìn)入演講大廳吧。 Be quick！Here es the bus. 快點(diǎn)，公共汽車來了。 (3)Out/In/Up/Down/Away/Off/Back/Over＋不及物動(dòng)詞＋名詞 Out rushed the children. 孩子們沖出了教室。 Away flew the birds. 鳥兒飛走了。 (4)介詞短語(表地點(diǎn))＋不及物動(dòng)詞＋主語 On the wall hang two large portraits. 墻上掛著兩張巨幅畫像。 (5)表語＋連系動(dòng)詞＋主語(表語可以是：形容詞、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞) Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests. 出席會(huì)議的有懷特教授，史密斯教授還有許多其他客人。 (6)Such＋be＋主語 Such are the facts；no one can deny them. 這些就是事實(shí)，沒有人可以否認(rèn)。 2. 部分倒裝 (1)用于以so，nor，neither開頭的句子，表示重復(fù)前句的部分內(nèi)容，須部分倒裝，且此句的謂語應(yīng)與前句的謂語在時(shí)態(tài)/形式上一致，但“so＋主語＋do”結(jié)構(gòu)則表示對別人所說的情況加以肯定，它的主語與上文的主語相同，so相當(dāng)于indeed，certainly。 Mary has learned by heart 200 words，and so have I. 瑪麗已經(jīng)記住了200個(gè)單詞，我也是。 －The girls study hard. 這些女孩學(xué)習(xí)刻苦。 －So they do. 她們的確如此。 (2)表示否定意義的副詞、連詞或短語置于句首時(shí)要部分倒裝。這些詞有not，never，hardly，seldom，scarcely，barely，little，no，nowhere，not only，not until，at no time，by no means，in no way，no sooner...than，hardly...when等。 By no means shall we give up. 我們決不會(huì)放棄。 At no time will China be the first to use the nuclear weapon. 在任何情況下中國決不會(huì)第一個(gè)使用核武器。 (3)only置于句首修飾狀語(副詞、介詞短語)或狀語從句等時(shí)要用部分倒裝。 Only after my friend came was the puter repaired. 只有在我朋友來之后，電腦才修好。 (4)as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中(表語/狀語/動(dòng)詞原形＋as＋主語)要用部分倒裝。 Tired as he was，he stayed up late. Explain as I might，I could not make myself understood. Child as he is，he knows a lot. 盡管他是個(gè)孩子，可他知道很多。(注意開頭的名詞前無冠詞) Much as he likes the bike, he doesnt want to buy it. (5)在so...that，such...that句型中，當(dāng)so，such引導(dǎo)的結(jié)構(gòu)置于句首時(shí)要用部分倒裝。 So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. 他說話聲音那樣大，隔壁屋里的人都能聽見。 (6)在hardly...when，no sooner...than，not until句型中，主句要部分倒裝。 Hardly had he arrived when it began to snow. 他剛一到，天就下起雪來了。 熱點(diǎn)考向三　省略句 1. 狀語從句的省略 (1)在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步狀語從句中，如果謂語含有動(dòng)詞be，主語又與主句的主語一致或主語是it時(shí)，主謂均可以省略。 ①時(shí)間狀語從句：Please e here as soon as(it is)possible. ②地點(diǎn)狀語從句：Fill in the blanks with articles where(it is)necessary. ③條件狀語從句：She wont e to the party unless(she is)invited. ④方式狀語從句：I wonder why he didnt do as(he was)told to. ⑤比較狀語從句：It is much colder today than(it was)yesterday. ⑥讓步狀語從句：Though(they were)tired，they went on walking. (2)狀語從句省略主語時(shí)，其后用現(xiàn)在分詞表示該動(dòng)詞與省略的主語是主謂關(guān)系，用過去分詞則表示為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 Be careful when(you are)crossing the street. 過馬路的時(shí)候一定要小心。 Once(he/she is)burnt，a child dare not touch the fire again. 一個(gè)孩子一旦被燒傷，就不敢再碰火了。 2. 答語中的省略 Im afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答句，后面跟so或not分別等于肯定或否定，賓語從句可省去。 －Do you think it will rain? 你認(rèn)為會(huì)下雨嗎？ －I hope not(that it will not rain)．我希望不下。 －Do you believe our team will win? 你相信我們隊(duì)會(huì)贏嗎？－I guess so.我猜會(huì)贏。 3. 不定式中“to”的省略 (1)感官動(dòng)詞(see，feel，hear，notice，watch，observe，listen to等)和使役動(dòng)詞(let，make，have)后接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，省略to，但在被動(dòng)式中不能省略(let除外)。 I heard someone sing in the next room. 我聽見有人在隔壁唱歌。 The thief was noticed to slip into the room. 有人注意到這個(gè)賊溜進(jìn)了房間。 (2)動(dòng)詞help和介詞but，except后的不定式作賓語時(shí)，有時(shí)必須省略to。 He will help me(to)work out the problem. 他將幫助我解決這個(gè)問題。 He did nothing but wait all the time. 他除了一直等毫無辦法。 若句中but/except前無do/does/did，則to不能省略。 He has no choice but to wait. 他除了等毫無選擇。 (4)固定結(jié)構(gòu)或句型中常省去“to”。 cant(help)but do...；why not do...；prefer to do...rather than do...； I would prefer to swim rather than play football. 比起踢足球我更喜歡游泳。 4. 虛擬語氣中if和should的省略 (1)在條件從句中，將助動(dòng)詞提到句首，省去if。 If we had known about the plans for the factory，we would never have bought the house. →Had we known about the plans for the factory，we would never have bought the house. 如果我們知道這個(gè)工廠的計(jì)劃，我們就不會(huì)買這座房子。 If I were you，I would not do it like that. →Were I you，I would not do it like that. 如果我是你，我不會(huì)那樣做。 (2)主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句中省略should。 The workers demanded that their wages(should)be increased. 工人們要求提高工資。 類似的動(dòng)詞還有：suggest，advise，insist，order，prefer，propose，request，require，mand，remend等。 It is desired that we(should)arrive there before dark. 我們被要求天黑前到達(dá)。 It is necessary that he(should)know it. 他有必要知道這件事。 My suggestion is that we(should)visit the exhibition at once. 我建議我們馬上參觀展覽。 5. 英語中有一些固定的省略結(jié)構(gòu) (1)在以if，when，though，as if(好像)等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，如果主句主語和從句主語一致，且從句謂語中含有動(dòng)詞be，或者從句為it is結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，從句往往使用省略的形式。 If(it is)necessary，we shall send a telegram home. 如有必要，我們就往家里打電報(bào)。 Whenever(it is)possible，he will e to my help. 他一有可能就來幫助我。 While(you are)cycling，dont forget the traffic lights. 騎車時(shí)，不要忘記看紅綠燈。 熱點(diǎn)考向三　there be結(jié)構(gòu) 1. There be 結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語形式 There be結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動(dòng)詞be有時(shí)可用seem to be，happen to be, be likely to be或remain, stand, lie, go, exist, follow, live, e, occur等替換。 There is likely to be something wrong with his puter. Once upon a time there lived an old monk in the temple. 2. There be 的非謂語形式 What is the chance of there being an election this year?(there be的動(dòng)名詞形式作of的賓語) I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job.（there be的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作expect的復(fù)合賓語）