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2019-2020年高考英語二輪復習 人生百味類 閱讀理解練習（5） xx高考英語閱讀理解--人生百味類 In modern society there is a great deal of argument about petition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity; others say that petition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people. I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten. However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame petition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under petitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true petitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in parison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in petition. 【小題1】What does this passage mainly talk about? A．petition helps to set up self-respect. B．Opinions about petition are different among people. C．petition is harmful to personal quality development. D．Failures are necessary experiences in petition 【小題2】Why do some people favor petition according to the passage? A．It pushes society forward. B．It builds up a sense of duty. C．It improves personal abilities. D．It encourages individual efforts. 【小題3】What is the similar belief of the true petitors and those with a desire to fail ? A．One’s worth lies in his performance pared with others. B．One’s success in petition needs great efforts. C．One’s achievement is determined by his particular skills. D．One’s success is based on how hard he has tried. 【小題4】Which point of view may the author agree to? A．Every effort should be paid back. B．petition should be encouraged. C．Winning should be a life-and-death matter. D．Fear of failure should be removed in petition. xx高考英語閱讀理解--人生百味類 What I like to advise people is to find out what it is that makes them happy. What do you love to do? If you truly love what you do just go ahead and try to make a living by doing it. People will throw money at you to do it. But you will always have to work hard at it. I have to draw every single day of my life. I have to draw about 20 ideas. My advice is to put aside a certain amount of time every day and make you draw or whatever, especially when you don’t feel like it. Only in this way will you be able to perfect your talent. The first step you take is to go to your local library and ask for the publications issued in the current years. When you get these publications, try to find the names of the top people concerned and their presidents. After you find these, write down their names and addresses. Keep this list and update it every year. Next thing you want to do is to create at least 40 cartoons. Get a grid（格子） from one of the strips in the newspapers, enlarge it to whatever size you wish and draw inside this grid. Now take the best 20 of your ideas and make them into finished pieces. To do this, you would want to copy them in ink because if you were a professional cartoonist, that was what you should do. Now you can reduce the size of the finished cartoons to fit onto a regular ic’s page. By paring yours with the others already in print, it gives you a good idea of clarity to your cartoon. The next step is to write letters to presidents of the publication. In the letters, explain who you think would read your work, or in other words, what group do you think you would target. After you plete these, send all of your information enclosed with letters in the appropriate envelope. Now as soon as you send out these letters, start to create a brand new strip with all new characters. Don’t get married to one idea because if your idea gets turned down then you will give up. And always remember. If you receive a rejection from any of them, keep in mind that you are working on something better. You will be working on something new and more exciting and the rejection letter will not have any impact. With this in mind… 【小題1】What is the advice from the writer in the first paragraph when you want to succeed in your life? A．Stop doing anything until you find something quite suitable for your future career. B．Put aside a certain amount of time every day to consider how to make a living. C．Make a living by something that you truly like to do as your profession and work hard at it. D．Perfect your talent only by drawing some cartoons. 【小題2】The purpose of writing a letter to the president was to ____. A．get some money to support the later career B．enclose the information on how to bee cartoonists with the letter C．focus his attention on the work D．explain who would be the readers of the work 【小題3】The underlined phrase “get married to one idea” in the last paragraph probably refers to ______. A．having a strong desire to get married B．fixing all attention on one idea C．marrying someone is a good ideas D．refusing one idea to get married 閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。 (xx哈爾濱市質檢，C) Your name made you do it, though unconsciously, suggests new research that finds your name can negatively make you achieve less. Psychologists at Yale and the University of California, San Diego studying the unconscious influence of names say a preference for our own names and initials—the “nameletter effect”—can have some negative consequences. Students whose names begin with C or D get lower grades than those whose names begin with A or B; major league baseball players whose first or last names began with K are significantly more likely to strike out. Assistant professors Leif Nelson of UCSD and Joseph Simmons of Yale have conducted five studies over five years using information from thousands of individuals. “The conscious process is that baseball players want to get a hit and students want to get As，” Nelson says. “So if you get a change in performance in agreement with the nameletter effect, it clearly shows there must be some unconscious desire operating in the other direction.” The researchers work supports a series of studies published since 2002 that have found the “nameletter effect” causes people to make life choices based on names that resemble (類似) their own. Those studies by Brett Pelham, an associate professor at SUNY University, have found that people are disproportionately (不定比例地) likely to live in states or cities resembling their names, have careers that resemble their names and even marry those whose surnames begin with the same letter as their own. The twist, says, is that he has believed the nameletter effect would apply only to positive outes. Nelson and Simmons, he says, are “showing it applies more so to negative things than positive things.” The researchers say the effect is definitely more of a coincidence (巧合) than a fact. “I know plenty of Chrises and Davids who have done very well in school，” Pelham says. 文章大意：本文為一篇議論文。加州和耶魯大學的心理學家通過研究發(fā)現，名字與成功之間存在著“姓名－字母效應”，而對此結果，有些研究人員則表示否定，認為這不過是巧合而已。 9．The new research is mainly about the relationship between ones ________. A．name and unconsciousness B．name and characteristics C．name and success D．sports and school achievements 答案：C　細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第一段第一句“... new research that finds your name can negatively make you achieve less.”可知，這項研究發(fā)現，盡管是無意識的，但你的名字會對你的成功有一些消極影響。因此可推斷出，這項研究主要是研究姓名與成功之間的關系。故答案選C。 10．Who may serve as an example to show the “nameletter effect”？ A．Miss Smith working as a lawyer. B．Mr. Watt living in Washington. C．Charles Brown married to Sue Rogers. D．Paula Snow fond of the color white. 答案：B　推理判斷題。根據第五段第一句中的“... ‘nameletter effect’ causes people to make life choices based on names that resemble (類似) their own”可知，“姓名－字母效應”使得人們選擇與自己姓名字母相似的城市去生活。因此B項“Mr. Watt living Washington”是個很好的例子，因為他的名字的開頭字母與城市的開頭字母是“W”。故答案選B。 11．The last paragraph mainly tells us that the “nameletter effect” ________. A．isnt believed in by many people B．doesnt work with certain names C．does not really exist D．is often too little to show 答案：D　推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段內容可知，Pelham認為這項研究的結果純屬巧合，據他所知，很多以C或D為開頭字母姓名的人成績就很好。因此，他認為這種“姓名－字母效應”的研究結果沒什么作用。故答案選D。 閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。 (xx哈爾濱市質檢，D) As the richest country in the world, youd expect that Qatar would also be the happiest. And youd also expect Japanese people to be extremely positive, seeing as though they have the highest life expectancy. But clearly wealth and good health do not guarantee happiness after both countries failed to make the top ten most positive countries. The poll (民意測驗) of nearly 150 000 people around the world found that seven of the worlds 10 countries with the most upbeat attitudes are in Latin America. Gallup asked about 1 000 people in each of 148 countries if they were wellrested, had been treated with respect, smiled or laughed a lot, learned or did something interesting and felt feelings of enjoyment the previous day. In Panama and Paraguay, 85 percent of those polled said yes to all five, putting those countries at the top of the list. They were followed closely by El Salvador, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, Thailand, Guatemala, the Philippines, Ecuador and Costa Rica. The people least likely to report positive emotions lived in Singapore, the wealthy and orderly citystate that ranks among the most developed in the world. Other wealthy countries also sat surprisingly low on the list. Germany and France tied with the poor African state of Somaliland for 47th place. Many of the seven countries which were most positive do poorly in traditional measures of wellbeing, like Guatemala, a country torn by decades of civil war followed by waves of gangdriven criminality that give it one of the highest killing rates in the world. Guatemala sits just above Iraq on the United Nations Human Development Index, a posite of life expectancy, education and per capita ine. But it ranks seventh in positive emotions. In Guatemala, its a culture of friendly people who are always smiling, said Luz Castillo, a 30yearold surfing instructor. Despite all the problems that were facing, were surrounded by natural beauty that lets us get away from it all. The poll shows that prosperous nations can also be deeply unhappy ones. And povertystricken ones are often positive, or at least a close approximation (大約) of it. 文章大意：本文為一篇調查報道。通過對世界各國的民意測驗發(fā)現，幸福指數與健康和財富無關。 12．________ may feel the most unhappy according to the poll. A．People from Qatar B．People from Thailand C．People from Japan D．People from Singapore 答案：D　細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段第一句中的“The people least likely to report positive emotions lived in Singapore”可知，通過民意測驗生活在新加坡的人民的幸福指數最低。故答案選D。 13．The underlined word “Gallup” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________. A．a country B．a polling organization C．a person D．a magazine 答案：B　推理判斷題。根據第二段第一、二句可知，這項民意測驗調查了世界各地的15萬人，發(fā)現幸福指數最高的10個國家中有7個國家位于拉丁美洲，這個民意調查組織調查了148個國家，每個國家測驗了大約1千人。因此Gallup應為進行這項民意測驗調查的組織機構。故答案選B。 14．Which of the following is not included in the United Nations Human Development Index? A．Life expectancy. B．Education. C．Natural beauty. D．Per capita ine. 答案：C　細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第三段倒數第二句“... on the United Nations Human Development Index, a posite of life expectancy, education and per capita ine.”可知，這項指數當中不包含C項內容。故答案選C。 15．Whats the best title of the text? A．Happiness does not depend on wealth B．How to live happily? C．Health leads to happiness D．What are the standards to be happy men? 答案：A　標題概括題。通讀全文尤其是最后一段內容可知，本文主要對一項民意測驗調查進行了報道說明。測驗結果表明，幸福與健康和財富無關。因此，A項適宜作為標題使用。故答案選A。