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2019-2020年高考英語 沖刺講義三 形容詞和副詞 I. 形容詞 1.形容詞的位置：形容詞作定語通常前置，但在下列情況下后置 1 修飾some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時 nobody absent, everything possible 2 以-able, -ible結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于有最高級或only修飾的名詞之后 the best book available, the only solution possible 3 alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等作定語時后置 the only person awake 4 和空間、時間、單位連用時 a bridge 50 meters long 5 成對的形容詞可以后置 a huge room simple and beautiful 6 形容詞短語一般后置 a man difficult to get on with 7 enough修飾名詞時可以前置也可以后置，但修飾形容詞或副詞時要后置 ______to take his adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.(NMETxx) A.Brave enough students B.Enough breave students C.Students brave enough D.Students enough brave 注意：多個形容詞修飾同一個名詞的順序 熟記口訣就可以順利解題：限定描繪大長高，形狀年齡和新老，顏色國籍跟材料，作用類別往后靠。 規(guī)則：限定語（The、A）+ 描繪性形容詞 + size（?。? shape（形狀）+ age（年齡、時間）+ color（顏色）+ origin（國籍、來源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名詞。 ▲This ________ girl is Linda’s cousin. (05北京卷) A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish 2.復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成 1 形容詞+名詞+ed kind-hearted 6 名詞+形容詞 world-famous 2 形容詞+形容詞 dark-blue 7 名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 peace-loving 3 形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 ordinary-looking 8 名詞+過去分詞 snow-covered 4 副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 hard-working 9 數(shù)詞+名詞+ed three-egged 5 副詞+過去分詞 newly-built 10 數(shù)詞+名詞 twenty-year 3.形容詞（短語）作伴隨狀語 As he looked at the goat, it rolled over, dead. 當他看著山羊的時候，山羊翻了個身，死了。 Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.由于害怕困難，他們寧愿走好走的路。 II.副詞的分類： 1 時間副詞 soon, now, early, finally, once, recently 5 頻度副詞 always, often, frequently, seldom, never 2 地點副詞 here, nearby, outside, upwards, above 6 疑問副詞 how, where, when, why 3 方式副詞 hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really 7 連接副詞 how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile 4 程度副詞 almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather 8 關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why III. 形容詞和副詞的比較等級 形容詞和副詞的比較等級分為原級，比較級和最高級。比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成一般是在形容詞和副詞后加-er和-est，多音節(jié)和一些雙音節(jié)詞前加more 和most。 項 目 例 句 同級比較時常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as… She is as tall as her mother. I am not as/ so good a player as you are. 雙方比較，表示一方超過另一方時，用“比較級 （+ than）” 的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。要注意題干中將比較的另一方陰藏起來的情況。 This picture is more beautiful than that one. I have never seen such a more interesting film (than this one). 表示一方不及另一方時，用“l(fā)ess + 原級 + than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示 This room is less beautiful than that one. 表示一方隨另一方變化時用“the more…the more…”句型 The harder you work, the more progress you will make 用比較級來表達最高級的意思 I have never spent a more worrying day. 我從來沒有度過這樣令人煩惱的一天。 （意為：我度過了最為令人煩惱的一天。） 倍數(shù)的表達 表達法一：A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B. The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one. 這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大（高）/這座新樓比那座舊樓大（高）三倍。 表達法二：A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亞洲是歐洲的四倍大/亞洲比歐洲大三倍。 表達法三：A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours. 你們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)校大三倍。 用times 表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上，兩倍可以用twice或double. 注意：1. 可以修飾比較級的詞有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal； 2. 表示“最高程度“的形容詞沒有最高級和比較級。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect，superior,junior等。