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句子成分,組成句子的各個組成部分叫句子成分：,1. 主語:是一個句子的主干部分之一,主語表明是“什么人” ， “ 什么事”.通常由名詞,代詞,動詞不定式,動名詞來充當(dāng).,1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard. 3.To learn a foreign language is not easy. 4.Playing football after school is great fun.,主,謂,賓,定,狀,補,表,2.謂語:說明主語做什么或怎么樣。通常由動詞充當(dāng).動詞常分為實義動詞,連系動詞,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞.,1.they work very hard. 2.Tom feels much better now. (系動詞:表示狀態(tài),后面往往接形容詞 seem get is am are sound smell look become),△情態(tài)動詞和助動詞不能單獨充當(dāng)謂語,必須和實義動詞或系動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語.,They can speak English well. They are playing over there.,3. 表語：跟在連系動詞后面的詞語或從句,用來說明主語的身份,特征,狀態(tài).,My sister is a nurse. The trees turn green. The flower is beautiful . To see is to believe .,3.賓語：動作行為的對象，說明主語做什么。一般放在及物動詞或介詞后面.由名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,動詞不定式,動名詞和賓語從句構(gòu)成.,1.We study English. 2.I saw him yesterday. 3.He wanted to have a pen. 4.She likes playing basketball. 5.Our teacher said that he would go there.,△雙賓語：指人的是間接賓語，指物的是直接賓語。 He gave me two books.,4.定語:用來修飾名詞或代詞的詞.形容詞, 形容詞性物主代詞,名詞,不定式,介詞短語, 不定代詞等. This is a red car. The building is their teaching building. The woman doctor is my wife. I have something to tell you. The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li. Every student has an English book.,,5.狀語:說明動作或狀態(tài)特征修飾用來修飾動 詞,形容詞,副詞或整個句子.副詞,介詞短語,動 詞不定式,以及 after, when, as soon as , until, if, before等引起的從句.,You are quite right. They often draw in the park. We came here in order to learn English. If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.,6. 賓補：補充說明賓語。(賓語和賓補 之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系）,賓語+ 賓補叫復(fù)合賓語，復(fù)合賓語有以 下幾種類型： 1 名詞（代詞）+ 不定式 2 名詞（代詞）+ 分 詞 3 名詞（代詞）+ 名 詞 4 名詞 （代詞）+ 形容詞,1 名詞（代詞）+ 不定式 John asked me to help him. Let him go home. I saw her come out of the room.,名詞（代詞）+ 分詞 （現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，過去分詞表示被動）,I found him standing at the gate . She could feel her heart beating violently. He spoke slowly in order to make himself understood. He spoke loudly in order to make himself heard.,名詞（代詞）+ 名詞 （作賓補的表示獨一無二的職位前不加the.),They appointed her head of the English Department. They made him captain of the ship .,名詞（代詞）+ 形容詞 We must keep the room clean. We found her busy. I found the story interesting.,簡單句的五種基本句型,1 主語+謂語（不及物動詞）（S+Vi型）,He came. She dances.,2 主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語(S+Vt+O),,I saw her. They like watching TV.,3 主語+ 謂語+ 間接賓語+直接賓語 (S+Vt+IO+DO) (IO indirect),I gave her a book. She showed her friends all the pictures.,4 主語+連系動詞+表語(S+V+P),I am a student. She looks very young.,5 主語+謂語+賓語+賓補 (S+Vt+O+OC),I asked Mary to help me. We call our headmaster a wise man.,Thank you,,