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2019-2020年中考英語 語法專題突破 專題十一 動詞的語態(tài) 人教新目標版 考綱要求 1.一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)　2.一般過去時的被動語態(tài)　3.一般將來時的被動語態(tài) 考查點 年份 題號 選項設(shè)置 分值 一般現(xiàn)在時 的被動語態(tài) xx 43 treats/treated/is__treated/was treated 1分 2011 44 celebrate/is__celebrated/celebrated/was celebrated 1分 一般過去時 的被動語態(tài) xx 38 moves/moved/is moved/was__moved 1分 xx 39 invites/is invited/was__invited/has invited 1分 一般將來時 的被動語態(tài) xx 44 will save/was saved/have saved/will__be__saved 1分 　　動詞語態(tài)為河北中考單項選擇題的必考點，且都與時態(tài)相結(jié)合，主要表現(xiàn)為一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時。選項的設(shè)置均為一個動詞的兩種不同時態(tài)和不同語態(tài)。語境設(shè)置在近三年來很少出現(xiàn)明顯的時間狀語提示，需要分析語境才能判斷出選項。語句多為單句形式，詞數(shù)多為9～13。 預(yù)計xx年河北中考的單項選擇題必定會出現(xiàn)一道題考查被動語態(tài)，并與時態(tài)相結(jié)合。 ,河北中考重難點突破 【考點搶測】 (　　)1.Chinese ________ by more and more people from all over the world today. A．learn　　　　　　　B．learned C．is learned D．was learned (　　)2.(xx保定8中模擬)Today，puters are really helpful.They ______ everywhere. A．use B．a(chǎn)re used C．used D．were used (　　)3.(xx唐山54中模擬)Every year，more than 70，000，000 sharks ______ for their fins(魚翅)． A．were killed B．have killed C．a(chǎn)re killed D．will kill (　　)4.The sport of basketball ________ by more than 100 million people in over 200 countries. A．play B．played C．is played D．has played (　　)5.When I called the bus service，I ________ that there was no more bus. A．was telling B．was told C．has told D．had told (　　)6.(xx保定17中模擬)A new club ________ in our school at the beginning of this year and now it has many members. A．starts B．is started C．has started D．was started (　　)7.The first Earth Day ________ in 1970 to educate us to protect our planet. A．celebrates B．celebrated C．is celebrated D．was celebrated (　　)8.Alice ________ some advice on how to improve her listening skills，and she gladly accepted Miss Greens. A．gave B．was given C．gives D．is given (　　)9.The task ________ in an hour.Then we can go home and have a good rest. A．was finished B．will be finished C．has been finished D．cant be finished (　　)10.(xx唐山友誼中學(xué)模擬)Im sure that stricter rules ________ to control smoking very soon. A．made B．will make C．were made D．will be made 【滿分點撥】 1．動詞語態(tài)的分類 英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。 (1)主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。如：Many people speak English there.那兒很多人說英語。 (2)被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動詞的對象。如：Chinese is spoken by many people.漢語被很多人說。(Chinese是動詞speak的承受者) 2．被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去分詞(用done表示)”構(gòu)成。常見的4種時態(tài)的被動結(jié)構(gòu)如下： 時態(tài) 被動結(jié)構(gòu) 例句 一般 現(xiàn)在時 am/is/are＋done This kind of car is made in China.這種車是中國制造的。 一般 過去時 was/were＋done The flying disk was invented by college students.這種飛碟游戲是大學(xué)生們發(fā)明的。 一般 將來時 will/shall＋ be＋done The bridge will be finished in a month.這座橋?qū)⒃谝粋€月內(nèi)竣工。 情態(tài) 動詞 情態(tài)動詞＋ be＋done Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石頭制造。 3.主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法 (1)圖示 (2)口訣：賓變主，主變賓，謂語動詞用被動 (3)變換步驟： ①將主動句的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z。 注意：如果主動句的賓語是代詞，需將其由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲?。如：Tom killed him．→He was killed by Tom.湯姆殺了他。 ②將動詞改為“be＋過去分詞”。 注意：be動詞與新主語相一致，時態(tài)不變。如：They held a meeting yesterday.→A meeting was__held by them yesterday.他們昨天開會了 。 ③將主動語態(tài)的主語改為by…放在謂語動詞后。 注意：如果原主語是代詞，則應(yīng)由主格變?yōu)橘e格。如He sang a song.→A song was sung by__him．他唱了一首歌。 【方法突破】 分析河北近5年考情發(fā)現(xiàn)，涉及語態(tài)的試題的選項中通常有兩個主動和兩個被動，并且有現(xiàn)在時態(tài)和過去時態(tài)。學(xué)生在做題時，可從以下角度入手分析： 判斷句子是主動語態(tài)還是被動語態(tài) 讀懂句意，確定主語，判斷主語表示人還是物，主語是動作的執(zhí)行者還是承受者。一般人作主語時，謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)。當主語為人時，需根據(jù)句意及謂語動詞判斷該動作是否是主語發(fā)出：若為主語發(fā)出，用主動語態(tài)；若不是主語發(fā)出，用被動語態(tài)。物作主語的時候，謂語動詞要用被動語態(tài)，由此可排除掉主動語態(tài)的選項。對于被動語態(tài)來說，試題主要是讓大家找出謂語動作的執(zhí)行者或承受者，這就要根據(jù)句子的意思進行判斷，然后根據(jù)句中的時間狀語做出正確選擇。 確定句子的時態(tài) 被動語態(tài)的使用離不開時態(tài)，所以應(yīng)根據(jù)句中的時間狀語、上下文的暗示或發(fā)生動作的時態(tài)來分析判斷應(yīng)使用哪種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。再結(jié)合句意給出的時間狀語或已發(fā)生動作的時態(tài)，選取對應(yīng)的時態(tài)。 4．常見主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu) (1)含有雙賓語(即直接賓語和間接賓語)的句子，多把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語不變。如：Jack told us the truth.→We were told the truth by Jack.杰克告訴了我們真相。 (2)主動語態(tài)中有些感官動詞(如：hear，see，watch，notice等)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，要把不定式符號to還原。即：hear(see) sb.do sth.→sb. be heard(seen)to do sth.如：We heard the girl play the piano in the music classroom.→The girl was heard to play the piano in the music classroom.我們聽見那女孩在音樂教室彈鋼琴。 (3)主動語態(tài)中有些使役動詞(如：make，let等)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，同樣要把不定式符號to還原。即：make sb.do sth.→sb. be made to do sth.如：The teacher makes his students do much homework every day.→His students are made to do much homework by the teacher every day.那位老師讓他的學(xué)生每天做很多家庭作業(yè)。 5．不能使用被動結(jié)構(gòu)的情況 (1)連系動詞，如：look，feel，smell等，以主動形式表示被動含義。如：The flower smells sweet.這花聞起來很香。 (2)有些動詞的主動形式表被動含義，如：need doing(需要做某事)，be worth doing(值得做某事)等。如：Your bedroom is in a terrible mess.It needs cleaning right now.你的臥室太亂了，需要馬上清理一下。 (3)表示“發(fā)生”的happen或take place，無被動結(jié)構(gòu)。如：The story happened on a cold night.故事發(fā)生在一個寒冷的夜晚。 ,河北中考考點精練 (　　)1.(xx廣安中考)—Mike，I looked for you everywhere last night. —Oh，I ________ to the party. A．a(chǎn)m invited　　　　B．invited C．invite D．was invited (　　)2.(xx石家莊42中模擬)—How clean your car is! —Thank you.It ________ very often. A．is washed B．washes C．was washed D．washed (　　)3.(xx臨沂中考)Teenagers should ________ to take care of themselves from a young age. A．educate B．be educating C．have educated D．be educated (　　)4.(xx江西中考)You cant wear shoes inside this place.It ________. A．doesnt allow B．isnt allowed C．hasnt allowed D．wasnt allowed (　　)5.(xx資陽中考)A new school ________ last year in my hometown. A．set up B．sets up C．is set up D．was set up (　　)6.(xx青島中考)We ________ to start at once，or we will miss the train. A．tell B．have told C．a(chǎn)re told D．told (　　)7.(xx煙臺中考)Everyone in our class ________ to take part in the English Speech Contest. A．is encouraged B．encourages C．a(chǎn)re encouraging D．a(chǎn)re encouraged (　　)8.(xx蘭州中考)He has ordered a watch on line for his father and it ________to him before Fathers Day. A．send B．will be sent C．was sent D．sent (　　)9.(xx十堰中考)During the Spring Festival，paper cuttings________ on windows，doors and walls as symbols of wishes for good luck and a happy new year. A．a(chǎn)re put B．were put C．puts D．putting (　　)10.(xx廣東中考)—Have you heard of the song Little Apple? —Yes.It ________every morning when aged people do square dancing downstairs. A．is played B．plays C．was played D．played (　　)11.(xx黔南中考)Every day，too much water________ in our school.We should save it. A．is wasted B．wastes C．was wasted D．wasted (　　)12.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)Hurry up! Once the concert starts，nobody________ to enter the concert hall. A．a(chǎn)llows B．a(chǎn)llowed C．is allowed D．is allowing (　　)13.(xx石家莊40中模擬)To my great surprise，the famous athletes story ________ differently in the newspapers. A．was reported B．reported C．was reporting D．reports (　　)14.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)Were sure that the environment in our city ________ greatly through our work in the near future. A．improved B．was improved C．has improved D．will be improved (　　)15.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)Last March，many trees ________ along the streets to make our city more beautiful. A．were planted B．were planting C．had planted D．planted (　　)16.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)Your application wont ________ until you plete the survey. A．a(chǎn)ccept B．receive C．be accepted D．be received (　　)17.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)The dictionary may ________ for three weeks. A．keep B．be kept C．borrow D．be borrowed (　　)18.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)—________ free breakfasts ________ in all schools in China? —No，not yet.Only in the rural areas. A．Are，made B．Do；serve C．Are；served D．Do；make (　　)19.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)I want to know if an English petition ________ next month. A．will hold B．will be held C．holds D．is held (　　)20.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)Many students ________ chances to show themselves in class because the class size is too big. A．dont give B．a(chǎn)rent given C．havent given D．wont give