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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第四部分 寫作 專題三 語(yǔ)篇寫作 第2講 提綱作文素能特訓(xùn) Ⅰ.完形填空 [xx江西南昌一模] On Thanksgiving morning, I got up early to run in the local 5Kilometer. It was __1__ that morning so everyone was jumping around to stay warm. Sitting in the grass was a man __2__ in a blanket. It was pretty __3__ he was homeless. As usual, most people __4__ not to see him. I went over and talked with him for several minutes. He said that he was a __5__ and had hoped he might earn a few dollars to go buy a Thanksgiving __6__. It was time for the race. I told him Id talk to him more __7__ the race. He said he would be there __8__ “the parade” that he hadnt expected that __9__. Im in the military. It always __10__ to see someone who served going through a rough time. He hadnt asked me for anything, __11__ I wanted to do something for him. I only had a couple of dollars, __12__ not enough for a Thanksgiving dinner. After the race I sat in the __13__ next to him, which got me a few odd looks from other runners. We talked for half an hour about sorts of things, including the __14__ we share in Christ. During our __15__ I gave him the cash. He didnt want to accept it. He said something that I didnt __16__. He said “Thank you. I havent really talked to anybody in a long time.” This man is thanking me for just talking to him? Im nobody __17__. I went up to other persons to ask if they had some dollars for a homeless veteran. I went to the run to do something for myself, but he did more for me than I could ever have gotten out of __18__. He showed me how to smile through the __19__ times and reminded me not to take for __20__ the many blessings I have. 本文講述的是作者在參加一個(gè)跑步比賽時(shí)看到一個(gè)無(wú)家可歸的人，作者想要在金錢方面幫助他，但是他拒絕了作者的好意，反而他對(duì)作者的精神方面有所幫助。 1．A.warm B．cool C．freezing D．frozen 答案：C　考查形容詞。根據(jù)下文“so everyone was jumping around to stay warm.”可知天氣寒冷。freezing“嚴(yán)寒的”；frozen“凍結(jié)的”。 2．A.folded B．managed C．covered D．wrapped 答案：D　考查動(dòng)詞?！拔摇笨梢钥吹接腥俗诓莸厣?，又因?yàn)樘鞖夂?，所以此人?yīng)該“裹在”毯子里。wrap“包裹”；fold“折疊”；cover“覆蓋”，故選D項(xiàng)。 3．A.obvious B．strange C．normal D．curious 答案：A　考查形容詞。根據(jù)此人出現(xiàn)的地點(diǎn)和外貌特征，可以明顯看出是一個(gè)無(wú)家可歸的人。obvious“顯而易見(jiàn)的”。 4．A.escaped B．pretended C．planned D．continued 答案：B　考查動(dòng)詞。句意：像往常一樣，多數(shù)人都假裝沒(méi)有看見(jiàn)他。結(jié)合此人的身份和最后一段“which got me a few odd looks from other runners”，可以知道答案。 5．A.beggar B．veteran C．merchant D．runner 答案：B　考查名詞。根據(jù)最后一段的“if they had some dollars for a homeless veteran.”可知此人的身份。 6．A.drink B．flower C．dinner D．present 答案：C　考查名詞。根據(jù)第12空所在的句子，可知答案。 7．A.after B．before C．in D．over 答案：A　考查介詞。因?yàn)樵摫荣惲?，所以“我”?yīng)該是想要比賽過(guò)后再和他談?wù)劇? 8．A.staring B．taking C．resting D．watching 答案：D　考查動(dòng)詞。結(jié)合后半句他要看我跑過(guò)終點(diǎn)線，所以此處他應(yīng)該是要看這場(chǎng)他沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的比賽的?？幢荣愑脀atch。 9．A.morning B．noon C．a(chǎn)fternoon D．evening 答案：A　考查名詞。結(jié)合第一段1空所在的句子，可知比賽是在上午舉行的。 10．A.harms B．damages C．hurts D．injures 答案：C　考查動(dòng)詞。作為一名士兵，看到一位老兵過(guò)的生活如此艱辛，“我”感到傷心，心痛。 11．A.and B．or C．even D．but 答案：D　考查連詞。結(jié)合句意，可知此處前后兩個(gè)句子是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 12．A.finally B．certainly C．regretfully D．fortunately 答案：B　考查副詞。結(jié)合句意，我只有幾美元，所以應(yīng)該是當(dāng)然不夠吃一頓正餐。 13．A.bench B．road C．grass D．restaurant 答案：C　考查名詞。結(jié)合第二段2空所在句子，和后面的定語(yǔ)從句，可知“我”挨著他坐在草地上。 14．A.love B．faith C．fortune D．time 答案：B　考查名詞。我們倆坐在那里談?wù)摿撕芏嗍虑?，包括我們?duì)基督的共同信仰。 15．A.conversation B．silence C．surprise D．sympathy 答案：A　考查名詞。上一句提到我們談了比較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，我又準(zhǔn)備幫他，所以是在談話時(shí)給他錢。 16．A.expect B．know C．doubt D．catch 答案：A　考查動(dòng)詞。他生活困難，我?guī)椭?，他?yīng)該接受；但是從下文他說(shuō)的話可以看出他不接受我的錢，卻感謝我和他聊天，所以這些話是我不曾預(yù)料到的。 17．A.popular B．similar C．necessary D．special 答案：D　考查形容詞。我認(rèn)為我不是什么特別的人物，所以對(duì)他感謝我和他說(shuō)話感到吃驚。Im nobody special.“我不是什么特殊人物”。 18．A.talking B．working C．running D．helping 答案：C　考查動(dòng)詞。上一句說(shuō)我參加跑步比賽是為了自己，所以此句承上句是他對(duì)我的影響比跑步更甚。 19．A.rough B．great C．happy D．successful 答案：A　考查形容詞。根據(jù)10空所在的句子可知他過(guò)的生活，所以他顯示出的應(yīng)該是對(duì)rough“艱苦的”生活的應(yīng)對(duì)。 20．A.recognized B．granted C．a(chǎn)warded D．a(chǎn)llowed 答案：B　考查動(dòng)詞。take sth. for granted“認(rèn)為……理所當(dāng)然”，是固定詞組。 Ⅱ.閱讀理解 [xx遼寧沈陽(yáng)質(zhì)檢一]Standing desks have bee mon across Silicon Valley, offering health benefits to those willing to work on their feet. However, due to their high price, they have failed to catch on until now. Recently, Ikea has brought out Bekant convertible standing desk that can bee a normal desk at the touch of a button. The $500 adjustable desk can transform from a standard desk to a standing one, and Ikea hopes it could make the standing desk mainstream. Experts say that changing from a seated to a standing desk can improve productivity. Similar desks have bee a mon sight at tech firms such as Google, where some employees have even installed treadmill (跑步機(jī)) and bicycle desks. The desk is not the first “convertible” on the market. As early as xx, Stir Kinect brought out an adjustable desk. The $3,890 Stir Kinect desk has a motor to raise and lower itself, converting it into a standing desk or a traditional desk. The desk can even be programmed to move up and down slightly, making it appear to take a gentle breath to remind the users to change their positions. To move between sitting and standing positions， owners simply double tap on the screen. The desk can learn the users preferences and suggest the best seating position. The Stir Kinect desk was created by a team of exApple and Disney engineers. It has a builtin touch screen to control and track movement, and can tell users exactly how many calories they burn by standing during their working days. It also has devices containing power points and USB ports for charging phones, to keep cables hidden. “Ikeas heightadjustable desk is great for opening up the lower end of the market，” said JP Labrosse, founder and CEO of Stir Kinect. 站立式辦公桌對(duì)人們的健康有益，但是它的價(jià)格高昂。最近，宜家公司推出了一種價(jià)格相對(duì)便宜的可調(diào)節(jié)高度的站立式辦公桌。 1．What is the text mainly about? A．Ikea has brought out an adjustable standing desk. B．Silicon Valley offered health benefits to officials. C．Google formed its tech firms to design bicycle desks. D．The Stir Kinect desk will bee mainstream in the market. 答案：A　考查主旨大意。本文主要講述的是，Ikea(宜家公司)最近推出了一種價(jià)格相對(duì)便宜而且可調(diào)節(jié)高度的站立式辦公桌，故A項(xiàng)正確。 2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．Before Bekant desk, similar adjustable desks have been widely used. B．The seated desks will take the place of the standing desks in the future. C．pared to the Stir Kinect desk, the Bekant desk is much cheaper. D．The adjustable desks were designed by the Apple and the Walt Disney pany. 答案：C　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段可知，the Stir Kinect desk的價(jià)格是$3,890；根據(jù)第一段可知，the Bekant desk的價(jià)格是$500。由此可知，選C項(xiàng)。 3．The Stir Kinect desk ________. A．can breathe in and breathe out by pressing the button once B．can charge phones by using a device containing a power point C．can tell you how many calories you need for a walk D．can advise you to do more exercise at a proper time 答案：B　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“It also has devices containing power points and USB ports for charging phones”可知，the Stir Kinect desk上面有電源插座和USB端口，可以給手機(jī)充電，故B項(xiàng)正確。 4．What can we infer from the last sentence given by JP Labrosse? A．Ikeas adjustable desks will be popular with average people. B．Ikea will have to sell furniture at a lower price in the future. C．This heightadjustable table can only be found in Ikea. D．It is not necessary for Ikea to open up the market at all. 答案：A　考查推理判斷。最后一段JP Labrosse所講的話的意思是：宜家公司所推出的可調(diào)節(jié)高度的辦公桌能很好地打開(kāi)低端市場(chǎng)。由此可推斷，宜家公司的可調(diào)節(jié)高度的辦公桌將會(huì)受到普通人的歡迎，故A項(xiàng)正確。 1．benefit n．/vt. 好處；使受益　2.transform vt. 轉(zhuǎn)換 3．standard adj./n. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的；標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 4．position n. 位置；姿態(tài)；職位 5．preference n. 偏好；優(yōu)先權(quán) 1．due to 由于；因?yàn)? 2.fail to do 未能；沒(méi)有做 3．take a breath 喘口氣；吸一口氣 原文：Standing desks have bee mon across Silicon Valley, offering health benefits to those willing to work on their feet.(分詞作狀語(yǔ)) 譯文：站立式辦公桌已經(jīng)在硅谷非常普遍，為那些愿意站著工作的人們的健康帶來(lái)好處。 仿寫：Faced_with_this_problem,_we can find a proper time to have a talk with them, trying_to_get_rid_of_the_misunderstanding. 面對(duì)這樣的問(wèn)題，我們得找個(gè)合適的時(shí)間與他們談一談，盡力排除誤解。 B [xx河北唐山統(tǒng)考一]Some of the most painful moments I spend as a vet (獸醫(yī)) are those spent with my customers assisting my animal patients from this world to the next. Making this final decision is not easy, and I have often felt powerless to fort the sorrowful owners. That was before I met Shane. I had been called to examine a tenyearold dog named Belker who had developed a serious health problem. The dogs owners—Ron, his wife, Lisa, and their little boy, Shane—were hoping for a miracle (奇跡). But I told the family there were no miracles left for Belker, and offered to perform the euthanasia (安樂(lè)死) for the old dog in their home. As we made the arrangements, Ron and Lisa told me they thought it would be good for the fouryearold Shane to observe the euthanasia. They felt Shane could learn something from the experience. The next day, I felt the familiar catch in my throat as Belkers family surrounded him. Shane seemed so calm, patting the old dog for the last time, that I wondered if he understood what was going on. A few minutes later, Belker slipped peacefully away. The little boy seemed to accept Belkers death without any difficulty or confusion. We sat together for a little while after Belkers death, wondering aloud about the sad fact that animal lives are shorter than human lives. Shane, who had been listening quietly, piped up: “I know why.” Shocked, we all turned to him. What came out of his mouth next astonished me. Id never heard a more forting explanation. He said, “Everybody can learn how to live a good life， like loving everybody and being nice, right？” The fouryearold continued, “Well, animals already know how to do that, so they dont have to stay so long.” 作者對(duì)名叫Belker的狗進(jìn)行了安樂(lè)死。此時(shí)，作者和狗的主人都很悲痛。然而一個(gè)四歲的孩子對(duì)生命的獨(dú)特見(jiàn)解讓作者感到吃驚并深感安慰。 5．Shanes parents wanted Shane to witness the euthanasia mainly because ________. A．they knew he hated to part with Belker B．they hoped he could gain something from it C．they wanted him to remember Belker forever D．they intended him to learn to carry out euthanasia 答案：B　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“As we made the arrangements, Ron...the euthanasia. They felt Shane could learn something from the experience”可知，Shane的父母讓他目睹對(duì)狗執(zhí)行安樂(lè)死的過(guò)程是因?yàn)樗麄冇X(jué)得Shane會(huì)從這次經(jīng)歷中有所收獲，故選B。 6．What can we learn from the third paragraph? A．Belker got sick mainly because of lack of care. B．Shane didnt feel sad about Belkers death. C．There was no hope for Belker to recover but to suffer. D．Belker didnt want to live any longer because of the pain. 答案：C　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“But I told the family there were no miracles left for Belker, and offered to perform the euthanasia (安樂(lè)死) for the old dog in their home”可知，Belker已經(jīng)沒(méi)有康復(fù)的希望，只剩下痛苦，故選C。 7．We can infer from the underlined sentence that ________. A．the vet would rather not perform the euthanasia B．the vet was familiar with the feelings of Belkers owners C．words failed the vet when he tried to fort Belkers owners D．the vets throat was unfortable with Belkers owners around 答案：C　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Making this final decision...felt powerless to fort the sorrowful owners”可推知，作者也常常覺(jué)得自己無(wú)力安慰悲傷的動(dòng)物的主人，即作者不知說(shuō)什么才能安慰Belker的主人。 8．What would the author say about Shane? A．He knew little about animal lives. B．He had a unique opinion about lives. C．He felt unexpected about Belkers death. D．He was an outgoing and warmhearted boy. 答案：B　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章最后兩段可知，四歲的Shane對(duì)生命有著獨(dú)特的見(jiàn)解，這讓作者感到吃驚并深感安慰，故選B。 1．a(chǎn)ssist v. 幫助；助攻2.sorrowful adj. 悲傷的；傷心的 3．familiar adj. 熟悉的；親近的 4．surround vt. 包圍；圍繞 5.confusion n. 混亂；困惑 6．a(chǎn)stonish vt. 使驚訝 1．turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于 2.live a．..life 過(guò)著……的生活 原文：Id never heard a more forting explanation.(否定詞＋比較級(jí)表最高級(jí)) 譯文：這是我所聽(tīng)過(guò)的最讓人安慰的解釋啦。 仿寫：How beautifully she sings! I have_never_heard_a_better_ voice! 她唱得多么動(dòng)聽(tīng)??！這是我聽(tīng)到的最好的嗓音啦！ Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空 [xx江西南昌一模]Lionel Messi，__1__ player from the South American country Argentina, is one of the greatest soccer players alive today. At a young age, he __2__ (move) to Spain and now plays __3__ (profession) for the FC Barcelona. Messi started playing soccer at the age of 5 for a small soccer team __4__ (own) by his father. Even as a young boy, he did very well. But when he was 11 years old, he found out he had a sickness which would prevent him from growing much __5__ (tall). There was a way to help him grow more, __6__ his parents did not have enough money to pay for his medical needs. So, they looked around for a soccer club __7__ would be able to do this for them. The clubs in Argentina couldnt help him, but the famous FC Barcelona in Spain offered __8__ (accept) Messi on the junior team and pay for the bills. The Messi family happily took the offer and moved to Spain. In the FC Barcelona, Messi was one of the best __9__ (play) through his teen years.__10__ his incredible talent, Messi has surprised the world. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 本文主要講述了著名足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員Lionel Messi的成長(zhǎng)故事。 1．a(chǎn)　考查冠詞。player是可數(shù)名詞，且第一次在文章中出現(xiàn)，故用不定冠詞修飾。 2．moved　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“At a young age”可知，此處表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 3．professionally　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處用professionally修飾動(dòng)詞plays。 4．owned　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?！皁wn”和“a small soccer team”構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。 5．taller　考查形容詞比較級(jí)。much/far/any等副詞往往修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處用taller。 6．but　考查連詞。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but。 7．that/which　考查定語(yǔ)從句。that或which引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，修飾先行詞“a soccer club”。 8．to accept　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處是固定詞組offer to do sth.，不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)，符合語(yǔ)境。 9．players　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)提示“the best”和代詞one可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 10．With　考查介詞。此處用with表示“具備，有”，其后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，符合語(yǔ)境。 Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò) [xx河北七校聯(lián)考]It is an honor of me to stand here to give you some advices on how to prepare for the ing examination. There is no doubt that every student wish to be successful. The first thing we should do it is to keep a normal state of mind. What is less, we should estimate ourselves correct and have a conversation with our parents and friends. It is of great important to keep a good diet and have a proper rest. Finally, we must remember that the proper goal will make us feel relaxing. Work hard, you will make much progress and realize your dreams. Thank you for your patience. 答案： It is an honor me to stand here to give you some on how to prepare for the ing examination. There is no doubt that every student to be successful. The first thing we should do is to keep a normal state of mind. What is ， we should estimate ourselves and have a conversation with our parents and friends. It is of great to keep a good diet and have a proper rest. Finally, we must remember that proper goal will make us feel . Work hard, you will make much progress and realize your dreams. Thank you for your patience.