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2019-2020年高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第四部分 寫作 專題三 語篇寫作 第2講 圖畫作文素能特訓(xùn) Ⅰ.完形填空 [xx甘肅蘭州實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練]Many students often say that they dont have “enough time” to do all their schoolwork. My __1__ is often brief, “You have as much time as the president.” I usually carry on a bit about __2__ twenty four hours in the day for everyone, and suggest that “not enough time” is not an __3__ explanation of __4__ something done. __5__ in graduate school, I tried to prove to one of my professors __6__ saying that I was working hard. His answer to me was, “Thats irrelevant (無關(guān)緊要的). __7__ is important is the __8__ of your work.” Since then I have had time to think carefully about the trick (訣竅) of “__9__”， and I have e to some __10__—all relevant to the problem of how much time we have. If you analyze the matter, you can identify two parts of the problem: There is，__11__， the matter of “time”， which we can think of __12__. Then there is the problem of “work” during that time. But, as my professor suggested, its not how hard one works __13__ the quality of the product thats important. That led me to a new idea: the quality of the work. That __14__ is perhaps best explained by a sign I once saw on the wall in someones office: “Dont work harder.__15__.” There is a lot of sense in that idea. If you cant get more time, and few of us can, the only solution is to improve the quality of the work. That means thinking of ways to get more out of __16__ time than we might otherwise get. That should lead us to an analysis of our work habits. Since “work” for students usually means “homework”， the expression “work habits” should be read as “__17__ habits”． Then, as a smart student, you will __18__ those skills that you use in study，__19__ reading and writing. If you learn to read better and write better, there are big benefits that __20__ in all your studies. 本文是一篇議論文。每個(gè)人每天擁有的時(shí)間都是相同的，那么想把事情做好就要有一定的技巧。作者認(rèn)為：不要苦干，而要巧干。 1．A.question B．idea C．reply D．key 答案：C　根據(jù)上文的內(nèi)容可知，此處是對(duì)上文很多同學(xué)說沒有足夠的時(shí)間做功課這一問題的答復(fù)(reply)。 2．A.there being B．there are C．there be D．there to be 答案：A　介詞后面應(yīng)該用動(dòng)名詞，因此此處用there being的形式。 3．A.strange B．a(chǎn)cceptable C．surprising D．demanding 答案：B　每個(gè)人都是一天擁有24小時(shí)，因此“沒有足夠的時(shí)間”是一個(gè)不可接受的解釋。strange“奇怪的”；acceptable“可接受的”；surprising“令人驚奇的”；demanding“苛求的，要求過高的”。 4．A.no getting B．not getting C．no letting D．not letting 答案：B　此處介詞后面應(yīng)該用動(dòng)名詞，對(duì)動(dòng)名詞的否定其前應(yīng)加not；此處是考查“get sth. done”的結(jié)構(gòu)，因此選not getting。 5．A.Since then B．Just now C．Ever D．Once 答案：D　此處敘述的是過去發(fā)生的事情，因此選once“曾經(jīng)”。since then“自從那之后”常與完成時(shí)的句子連用；just now“剛才”；ever“在任何時(shí)候”，常用于疑問句、否定句、比較結(jié)構(gòu)或帶if的句子中。 6．A.by B．in C．on D．upon 答案：A　by表示“通過，以”。 7．A.That B．What C．Whether D．If 答案：B　重要的是你工作的質(zhì)量?！癬_7__ is important”是一個(gè)主語從句，主語從句中缺少主語，因此此處用what引導(dǎo)從句。 8．A.quantity B．a(chǎn)mount C．number D．quality 答案：D　參見上題解析，此處應(yīng)填quality“質(zhì)量”。quantity“數(shù)量”；amount“數(shù)額，數(shù)量”；number“數(shù)字”。第13空后的“quality”也是提示。 9．A.hard worker B．honest student C．busy president D．future graduate 答案：A　根據(jù)上文教授的回答可知，此處是說“我”在思考勤奮工作的人的訣竅。hard worker“勤奮工作的人”，符合語境。 10．A.constructions B．contributions C．conclusions D．concentrations 答案：C　根據(jù)破折號(hào)后的內(nèi)容可知，“我”在思考后，得出了一些結(jié)論。construction“建造物”；contribution“貢獻(xiàn)”；conclusion“結(jié)論”；concentration“集中，聚集”。 11．A.of course B．in fact C．a(chǎn)s a result D．a(chǎn)s a whole 答案：A　根據(jù)上文提到的與時(shí)間相關(guān)可知，此處是說當(dāng)然是時(shí)間的問題。of course“當(dāng)然”；in fact“事實(shí)上”；as a result“結(jié)果”；as a whole“總的來說”。 12．A.if followed B．if fixed C．a(chǎn)s followed D．a(chǎn)s fixed 答案：D　我們認(rèn)為時(shí)間是固定的(fixed)。此處是think of...as...“認(rèn)為……是……”。 13．A.so B．but C．nor D．a(chǎn)nd 答案：B　正像教授建議的那樣，一個(gè)人工作多么努力并不重要，重要的是產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量。此處考查的是短語“not...but...”的結(jié)構(gòu)，“不是……而是……”。 14．A.concept B．sense C．explanation D．solution 答案：A　根據(jù)上文的“我”的新想法可知，應(yīng)選concept“觀念，想法”。sense“意義”；explanation“解釋”；solution“解決方法”。 15．A.Work smarter B．Work faster C．Think twice D．Think aloud 答案：A　根據(jù)上文可知，“我”說的是不要苦干，而要巧干。work smarter“更加聰明地工作”，符合語境。 16．A.a little B．the more C．the less D．the same 答案：D　那就意味著想辦法從同樣多的時(shí)間里得到更多。 17．A.living B．study C．thinking D．sleeping 答案：B　既然對(duì)于學(xué)生來說“工作”通常意味著“家庭作業(yè)”，那“工作習(xí)慣”就應(yīng)該被理解為“學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣”。 18．A.seek improving B．seek to improve C．find improving D．find to improve 答案：B　作為一個(gè)聰明的學(xué)生，你應(yīng)該努力尋求方法來提高這些在學(xué)習(xí)上使用的技能。固定結(jié)構(gòu)：seek to do sth.，符合語境。 19．A.chiefly B．briefly C．a(chǎn)ctually D．occasionally 答案：A　根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，在學(xué)習(xí)上的技能主要是閱讀和寫作。chiefly“主要地”；briefly“簡要地”；actually“事實(shí)上”；occasionally“偶爾”。 20．A.are paid B．is paid C．pays off D．pay off 答案：D　如果你學(xué)會(huì)了更好地閱讀和寫作，那么會(huì)有極大的好處來回報(bào)你學(xué)習(xí)的各個(gè)方面。短語pay off“回報(bào)”，符合語境；再根據(jù)定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞“that”指代的先行詞“benefits”可知，應(yīng)選D。 Ⅱ.閱讀理解 [xx山東濟(jì)南一模]If you think that running marathons will help you live a long and healthy life， new research may e as a shock. According to a recent scientific study, people who do a very strenuous workout are as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all. Scientists in Denmark have been studying over 1,000 joggers and nonjoggers for 12 years. The death rates from the sample group indicate that people who jog at a moderate pace two or three times a week for less than two and a half hours in total are least likely to die. The best speed to jog at was found to be about 5 miles per hour. The research suggests that people who jog more than three times a week or at higher speeds of over 7 mph die at the same rate as nonjoggers. The scientists think that this is because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries (動(dòng)脈). Over time, this can cause serious injuries. Peter Schnohr, a researcher in Copenhagen, said, “If your goal is to decrease risk of death and improve life expectancy, jogging a few times a week at a moderate pace is a good strategy. Anything more is not just unnecessary, and it may be harmful.” The implications of this are that moderate forms of exercise such as tai chi, yoga and brisk walking may be better for us than “iron man” events, triathlons and longdistance running and cycling. According to Jacob Louis Marott, another researcher involved in the study, “You dont actually have to do that much to have a good impact on your health. And perhaps you shouldnt actually do too much”． 最新的一項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究顯示：從事劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)的人與根本不鍛煉的人死亡幾率是一樣的，而適度的鍛煉會(huì)有益于健康。 1．The underlined word “strenuous” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “________”． A．hard B．regular C．practical D．flexible 答案：A　考查詞義猜測。此處指像馬拉松一樣的鍛煉，所以strenuous應(yīng)與hard意思相近，表示“艱苦的，費(fèi)力的”。regular“定時(shí)的”；practical“實(shí)用的”；flexible“靈活的”。 2．The author presents some figures in Paragraph 2 to________. A．suggest giving up jogging B．show risks of doing sports C．provide supportive evidence D．introduce the research process 答案：C　考查寫作目的。作者在第二段中采用了列數(shù)字的方法，是為了提供支持的證據(jù)，能更有力地說明第一段的研究結(jié)論。 3．According to the scientists, why is too much exercise harmful? A．It may injure the heart and arteries. B．It can make the body tired out. C．It will bring much pressure. D．It consumes too much energy. 答案：A　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段的最后兩句“The scientists think that this is because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries (動(dòng)脈). Over time, this can cause serious injuries”可知，劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)導(dǎo)致心臟和動(dòng)脈結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生變化，從而有損健康。 4．What can be inferred from the text? A．No exercise at all is the best choice. B．More exercise means a healthier life. C．Marathons runners are least likely to die. D．Proper exercise contributes to good health. 答案：D　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后兩段可知，過度鍛煉不僅沒有必要，而且還可能有害，適當(dāng)?shù)腻憻挄?huì)有助于健康。 1．scientific adj. 科學(xué)的　　2.sample n. 樣品；抽樣 3．strategy n. 策略；戰(zhàn)術(shù) 4.harmful adj. 有害的 5．a(chǎn)ctually adv. 事實(shí)上；實(shí)際上 1．live a long and healthy life 過著長壽而健康的生活 2．have a good impact on 對(duì)……有好影響 3．too much 太多(修飾不可數(shù)名詞) 原文：The research suggests that people who jog more than three times a week or at higher speeds of over 7 mph die at the same rate as nonjoggers. (suggest用法) 譯文：研究表明：超過一周三次或超過7 mph速度的慢跑者與非慢跑者的死亡率相同。 仿寫：What he said suggested that he_was_a_cheater. 他說的話表明他是個(gè)騙子。 B [xx云南師大附中適應(yīng)考四]For twenty years, I saved all my college course notes and textbooks: thats a lot of paper. Worse, its not easy to carry them around—and trust me, they arent light—on at least seven moves. Yet I never once looked at them. They sat in our basement， covered in a thick layer of dust. If books and papers could wonder, theyd wonder why they were still under our stairs after all those years. When would the Big Day e? Well, the Big Day eventually did arrive; only it was different than expected. My wife, always more accepting changes than I am, finally talked me into clearing out the entire mess. The pain I experienced was also unexpected. What hurt me was to e across those terrible papers Id written，which reminded me of my poor study habits, and an embarrassing lack of prehension. It was great to get rid of them. But it was also a clearing of personal history. At first, I struggled with this. The truth was in the record that my books, my notes, and my papers were primary source materials, documenting an important time in my life. To clear them out was to clear out the truth. What Ive learned since taking this leap is that the process is more important than the truth. I feel as if much of my real education during my college years isnt in the documents but now in me. So I am glad to free myself of this physical burden. And whats better is that I dont need to look back to those painful moments. They belong to the past. You might want to consider doing something similar, either under the stairs of your basement or in your mind. What is the personal rubbish piling in your life? Clear it out and make your life awesome. 本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。下決心清除了堆積多年的大學(xué)課本和筆記后，作者從開始糾結(jié)“清除了過去的記錄，就清除了過去的歷史”到最終明白“過程才最重要”的道理。 5．Why was the author finally determined to desert all the college materials? A．Because his wife persuaded him to. B．Because they were of no use at all. C．Because they were heavy on the moves. D．Because they occupied space too long. 答案：A　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三段的第二句“My wife...finally talked me into clearing out the entire mess”可知，作者的妻子說服了作者，故選A項(xiàng)。 6．The author struggled at the very beginning for ________. A．a(chǎn) sense of pain B．a(chǎn) sense of embarrassment C．a(chǎn) sense of regret for the past D．a(chǎn) sense of losing part of his history 答案：D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第四段中的“But it was also a clearing of personal history”及第五段中的“To clear them out was to clear out the truth”可知，作者糾結(jié)的是“清除了過去的記錄，就清除了過去的歷史”，故選D項(xiàng)。 7．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to? A．The past experiences. B．The wasted collegerelated materials. C．The rubbish in the basement. D．Physical and psychological mess. 答案：D　考查代詞指代。根據(jù)文章最后兩段中的“either under the stairs of your basement or in your mind”以及“What is the personal rubbish piling in your life”可知，it指代的是物質(zhì)上和心理上的垃圾，即D項(xiàng)正確。 8．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Let It Go B．Sort It Out C．Give up the Past D．Forget the History 答案：A　考查標(biāo)題判斷。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述的是該放棄生活中的“垃圾”的時(shí)候，我們就應(yīng)該任憑它去，并且文章在篇末點(diǎn)題，“Clear it out”是關(guān)鍵詞，故A項(xiàng)最適合作文章標(biāo)題。 1．basement n. 地下室　2.eventually adv. 最后；終于 3．embarrass vt. 使局促不安；使困窘 4．burden n. 負(fù)擔(dān)；責(zé)任 5．a(chǎn)wesome adj. 令人敬畏的；可怕的 1．e across 偶遇；無意中發(fā)現(xiàn) 2．get rid of 除去；避免；擺脫 3．belong to 屬于 原文：What Ive learned since taking this leap is that the process is more important than the truth. (主語從句/表語從句) 譯文：自這次飛躍以來我所學(xué)到的是過程比真相更重要。 仿寫：What_makes_the_building_most_wonderful is that_the_ materials_of_the_building_can_be_recycled when it needs rebuilding or resigning. 讓這個(gè)建筑最奇妙的是當(dāng)需要重建再設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，建筑材料可以回收利用。 Ⅲ.七選五 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 [xx江西六校聯(lián)考二]The kitchen is one of the most important parts of the house. You may think that, since its only used for cooking, theres no need to pay much attention to its color. __1__ Color influences peoples mood and creates an atmosphere, and surely you want to be in a good mood when youre cooking. To decorate a kitchen, first look for a theme which will then influence the color scheme (方案). The most mon colors in kitchens are white, yellow and other light colors. Kitchens are usually painted in one color to create a clean and neat look.__2__ Also, since kitchens tend to have smaller windows, the light colors help make it brighter. Neutral colors such as gray and cream can also be used to create some contrast. __3__ Start with your favorite color, or two light colors that balance each other. Make sure that you test them thoroughly first so that you can be sure theyll actually work. For more adventurous kitchen owners, three colors next to each other can also work. But these need to be carefully chosen, because one wrong color can ruin the whole look of the kitchen. When the kitchen color scheme has been chosen, other elements must be considered. Some important things, such as cupboards, in the kitchen can affect its look. Tiles (瓷磚) and the floor must be chosen to fit the look.__4__ Last but not least, no matter what color scheme you use, make sure that it really is the one you want. __5__ A．Many people want to decorate their kitchens with bright colors. B．Different colors have different effects on peoples mood. C．Otherwise, get advice from other members of the family. D．The light colors make the room seem bigger than it is. E．There are different ways to create a color scheme. F．In a word, kitchen decoration must go together with the color scheme. G．But in fact, the color schemes of kitchens are as important as those of any other rooms. 本文講述的是如何裝飾廚房，會(huì)給你營造一種做飯時(shí)的好心情。 1．G　根據(jù)空前“theres no need to pay much attention to its color.”對(duì)比空后的“Color influences peoples mood”．可知該空為過渡句，從不重視轉(zhuǎn)到重視。 2．D　空后“Also, since kitchens tend to have smaller windows, the light colors help make it brighter.”可知答案為D。 3．E　空后“Start with...”可知，此空開始講述如何布置廚房的顏色。 4．F　空前講的是瓷磚的顏色與地板顏色配套，可知，空格的位置決定應(yīng)為總結(jié)性句子。 5．C　上句“make sure that it really is the one you want”可知下文講述的是與此前提相關(guān)的話題。故選C。 Ⅳ.書面表達(dá) [xx東北三省三校二模]近年來大城市交通擁堵嚴(yán)重，影響了人們的生活和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，對(duì)此人們十分抱怨。假如你是李華，請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)用英語給報(bào)社寫封信。 1．交通現(xiàn)狀及影響； 2．提出改進(jìn)建議； 3．希望建議被采納。 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫； 3．開頭語已為你寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 Dear editor， I am writing to you to talk about the heavy traffic.____________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua One possible version： Dear_editor， I_am_writing_to_you_to_talk_about_the_heavy_traffic.Nowadays, people in many big cities are plaining about the heavy traffic. It has seriously influenced peoples daily life and economic development. To solve the problem, Id like to put forward some pieces of advice. For one thing, more streets and roads should be built. In this way, we can speed up the flow of buses and cars. For another, the number of bikes and cars can be limited, which can decrease the traffic flow. But the most important thing is that the number of private cars should be put under control. Meanwhile, buses should have their own special routes which cannot be used by other vehicles. Besides, underground train and city train should be developed quickly. I do hope my suggestions will be taken. Yours， Li_Hua