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專題六書面表達(dá),《普通高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》對(duì)語(yǔ)言技能目標(biāo)(八級(jí))“寫”的要求如下：(1)能根據(jù)所讀文章進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)述或?qū)懻?2)能根據(jù)文字及圖表提供的信息寫短文或報(bào)告；(3)能寫出語(yǔ)意連貫且結(jié)構(gòu)完整的短文，敘述事情或表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度；(4)能在寫作中做到文體規(guī)范、語(yǔ)句通順。從要求來看，書面表達(dá)是綜合性很強(qiáng)的題目，目的是考查學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力，看其,考綱解讀,是否能夠運(yùn)用所學(xué)的英語(yǔ)知識(shí)和掌握的技能進(jìn)行思想交流。因此，考生在寫作時(shí)應(yīng)做到：(1)主題明確；(2)內(nèi)容充實(shí)；(3)結(jié)構(gòu)合理；(4)邏輯性強(qiáng)；(5)語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確得體。,考點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)與考情分析,問題與對(duì)策,模板與范文,分類突破,,,考情分析,,考點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)與考情分析,考點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)(略),通過對(duì)近三年高考新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷英語(yǔ)書面表達(dá)的分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，考查內(nèi)容在從傳統(tǒng)的單純知識(shí)型向現(xiàn)代創(chuàng)新能力型轉(zhuǎn)變，寫作文體以應(yīng)用文為主(多以書信和電子郵件的形式出現(xiàn))，,半開放類占主流。這充分體現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)代高考旨在考查考生能否在體驗(yàn)現(xiàn)代生活發(fā)展節(jié)奏、把握時(shí)代脈搏的同時(shí)，將所學(xué)知識(shí)與具體實(shí)踐結(jié)合起來并靈活運(yùn)用的能力。考查特點(diǎn)歸納如下：1.寫作體裁與知識(shí)的實(shí)際運(yùn)用密切結(jié)合近三年的新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷絕大部分為書信或電子郵件。這一應(yīng)用文體，在日常生活中使用較多，考生十分熟悉。寫作話題貼近實(shí)際生活，突出了對(duì)考生處理現(xiàn)實(shí)生活實(shí)際問題的能力的考查。如：2015年新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ——就美國(guó)的節(jié)日風(fēng)俗和中學(xué)生生活約稿(貼近生活)。,,2.突出考查考生的想象力和創(chuàng)新能力近三年的書面表達(dá)的寫作內(nèi)容都是來自于生活的真實(shí)情景。需要考生根據(jù)自身的生活閱歷展開合理想象，創(chuàng)設(shè)合情合理的語(yǔ)境。如：2015年新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷(Ⅱ)——以“去敬老院陪老人們過重陽(yáng)節(jié)”為話題寫作，與考生自身生活聯(lián)系密切。,,3.半開放式已成主流近幾年來，新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷書面表達(dá)全部為半開放式寫作。這種考查形式使考生不完全受“提示形式”和“內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)”的限制，可以適當(dāng)發(fā)揮。但這同時(shí)也對(duì)考生的寫作能力提出了更高的要求。,,4.從高考書面表達(dá)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)看，2016年的高考在體裁和題材上應(yīng)該保持相對(duì)穩(wěn)定，寫作類型及提示形式也不會(huì)有太大的變化。從2015年新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷(Ⅰ)以及部分省份的考情來看，考查考生的創(chuàng)新意識(shí)、思維拓展能力和文化素養(yǎng)的試題比重會(huì)有所增加。,一、13類常見失分1.主謂不一致(1)Threeyearshavepassedbeforeweknewit.[誤]Threeyearshaspassedbeforeweknewit.[正](2)EverymanandeverywomanlikesurfingtheInternethere.[誤]EverymanandeverywomanlikessurfingtheInternethere.[正](3)Manyastudenthavechattedonline.[誤]Manyastudenthaschattedonline.[正],,問題與對(duì)策,2.時(shí)態(tài)不一致(1)Theytalkedandtalkedandsoonthebuscomes.[誤]Theytalkedandtalkedandsoonthebuscame.[正](2)Hesaidthathewillcometoseemesoon.[誤]Hesaidthathewouldcometoseemesoon.[正](3)Ifyouhadcomeearlier，youwouldseetheactressyesterday.[誤]Ifyouhadcomeearlier，youwouldhaveseentheactressyesterday.[正],,3.詞類誤用(1)Sheseatedherselfinthesofaandwentsleep.[誤]Sheseatedherselfinthesofaandwentasleep.[正](2)Afterthework，wewenthome，tiredlyandhungry.[誤]Afterthework，wewenthome，tiredandhungry.[正](3)Herkindandgenerositymademefeelathome.[誤]Herkindnessandgenerositymademefeelathome.[正],4.邏輯不一致(1)I’meagertoshowyouaroundsomeplacesofinterest，butsomeculturecenters.[誤]I’meagertoshowyouaroundsomeplacesofinterest，orsomeculturecenters.[正](2)Hewenttoherandgaveherthepresenthehadbought，andsherefusedtotakeitandwentaway.[誤]Hewenttoherandgaveherthepresenthehadbought，butsherefusedtotakeitandwentaway.[正],,(3)Nexttimeyoulookataperson，seeifhisorherfaceisredandpale.[誤]Nexttimeyoulookataperson，seeifhisorherfaceisredorpale.[正],,5.代詞替代不一致(1)TherearesomanyflowersintheflowershopthatIdon’tknowwhattobuy.[誤]TherearesomanyflowersintheflowershopthatIdon’tknowwhichtobuy.[正](2)Itisusthataretoblamefortheresultbecausewearetoocareless.[誤]Itiswethataretoblamefortheresultbecausewearetoocareless.[正],,(3)ShetookmanyphotosduringherstayinBeijingandshowedittome.[誤]ShetookmanyphotosduringherstayinBeijingandshowedthemtome.[正],,6.介詞多余(1)Workhard，andyouwillmakeitatsometime.[誤]Workhard，andyouwillmakeitsometime.[正](2)Atthefirsttimeshecametoseeme，Iwasdoingsomereading.[誤]Thefirsttimeshecametoseeme，Iwasdoingsomereading.[正](3)Consideringabouteverything，theplanisquitepractical.[誤]Consideringeverything，theplanisquitepractical.[正],,7.連詞多余(1)Shesentmeanemail，askingwhetherhowIwasgettingalongwithmyclassmates.[誤]Shesentmeanemail，askinghowIwasgettingalongwithmyclassmates.[正](2)Ifonemoreminute，andwecandoiteasily.[誤]Onemoreminute，andwecandoiteasily.[正](3)Becauseyougaveustimelyhelp，sowefinisheditontime.[誤]Becauseyougaveustimelyhelp，wefinisheditontime.[正],,8.冠詞多余(1)Asweknow，theSundayisthefirstdayofaweek.[誤]Asweknow，Sundayisthefirstdayofaweek.[正](2)Ipreferthiskindofafruit.[誤]Ipreferthiskindoffruit.[正](3)Ourteacherusuallytellsustobehavewellinthepublicplaces.[誤]Ourteacherusuallytellsustobehavewellinpublicplaces.[正],,9.句子成分短缺(1)Weallstronglyagainstthesuggestionputforwardatthemeeting.[誤]Weareallstronglyagainstthesuggestionputforwardatthemeeting.[正](2)Whatknowntoallisthatcarshavebecomeapopularmeansoftransport.[誤]Whatisknowntoallisthatcarshavebecomeapopularmeansoftransport.[正],,(3)WhatpuzzlesyouactuallyapuzzleformanyparentsinChina.[誤]WhatpuzzlesyouisactuallyapuzzleformanyparentsinChina.[正],,10.及物與不及物動(dòng)詞誤用(1)Allflightsthismorninghaveputoffbecauseofthethickfog.[誤]Allflightsthismorninghavebeenputoffbecauseofthethickfog.[正](2)Theteachercaughtmecheatingintheexam，buthedidn’tpunishforit.[誤]Theteachercaughtmecheatingintheexam，buthedidn’tpunishmeforit.[正],,(3)Itisknownthateverythingdependsthesunlightforgrowth.[誤]Itisknownthateverythingdependsonthesunlightforgrowth.[正],,11.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞誤用(1)Headmittedtomakeamistake.[誤]Headmittedmakingamistake.[正](2)Sheobjectstobetreatedlikeachild.[誤]Sheobjectstobeingtreatedlikeachild.[正](3)IregretsayingthatIcan’thelpyouforIhavemanythingstodo.[誤],,IregrettosaythatIcan’thelpyouforIhavemanythingstodo.[正](4)Thedeskneedstorepair.[誤]Thedeskneedsrepairing./Thedeskneedstoberepaired.[正],(5)Myparentsexpectmetostudyscienceandbecomingascientist.[誤]Myparentsexpectmetostudyscienceandbecomeascientist.[正](6)Theyweremadeworkhardalldaylong.[誤]Theyweremadetoworkhardalldaylong.[正](7)Ifinditeasytobedone.[誤]Ifinditeasytodo.[正],(8)Comparingwithyou，Istillhavealongwaytogo.[誤]Comparedwithyou，Istillhavealongwaytogo.[正](9)Everythingtakingintoconsideration，itisagoodplan.[誤]Everythingtakenintoconsideration，itisagoodplan.[正],12.搭配錯(cuò)誤(1)Astimegoingby，moreandmorepeoplepreferahealthydiet.[誤]Withtimegoingby，moreandmorepeoplepreferahealthydiet.[正](2)Thebridgeisinconstruction.[誤]Thebridgeisunderconstruction.[正],(3)SofarasIamconcerned，ridingbicyclesisagoodsolution.[誤]AsfarasIamconcerned，ridingbicyclesisagoodsolution.[正](4)Thethiefrantothedirectionofthehill.[誤]Thethiefraninthedirectionofthehill.[正](5)Itisnodoubtthatdrinkingtoomuchisharmfultohealth.[誤]Thereisnodoubtthatdrinkingtoomuchisharmfultohealth.[正](6)Itwasn’tlongwhenwegottothecinema.[誤]Itwasn’tlongbeforewegottothecinema.[正],13.漢語(yǔ)式表達(dá)(1)ThisismyfirsttimevisittoBeijing.[誤]ThisismyfirstvisittoBeijing.[正](2)IlikeTaijianditismymostfavoritesport.[誤]IlikeTaijianditismyfavoritesport.[正](3)Ourschoolistwomilesfarawayfromhere，soyou’dbettertakeataxi.[誤]Ourschoolistwomilesawayfromhere，soyou’dbettertakeataxi.[正],(4)Afterhereturnedback，hebegantoworkatonce.[誤]Afterhereturned，hebegantoworkatonce.[正](5)Ofthetwoobjects，Iprefertheblueonebetter.[誤]Ofthetwoobjects，Iprefertheblueone.[正],二、高分技巧1.恰當(dāng)使用連詞、連接副詞等連接句子，可使文章邏輯性強(qiáng)，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，層次清晰，意義貫通。LastSunday，whenmyparentswentoutshopping，Isuddenlygotanidea:whynotgivetheroomsathoroughcleaning？FirstlyIcollectedallthebooks，newspapersandotherthingsscatteredintheroomsandputtheminplace.ThenIwipedthedustoffallthefurniture.Afterthat，Isweptandmoppedthefloors.(2013陜西),2.恰當(dāng)選用“貼切、地道的高級(jí)詞匯”。從書面表達(dá)的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可知，運(yùn)用高級(jí)詞匯對(duì)提高書面表達(dá)的“檔次”和得分至關(guān)重要。通過構(gòu)詞法變化來的新詞、使用同(近)義詞或反義詞來代替常見的詞語(yǔ)是選用恰當(dāng)詞匯的有效途徑。如下表所列近義詞，用高級(jí)詞匯代替普通詞匯，會(huì)取得比較好的效果。,3.適當(dāng)使用含有“較為豐富的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)”的高級(jí)句式。感嘆句、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、特殊句式、名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等都屬于較復(fù)雜的“語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)”。這些結(jié)構(gòu)的正確、交替使用，可以使文章的語(yǔ)言充滿層次感，從而較好地反映作者的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。此外，正確使用一些諺語(yǔ)也能給文章增色不少。,(1)感嘆句①Whatameaningfuldayitwas！(2015北京，書面表達(dá)二)這是多么有意義的一天?。、贖owhappyIwillbe！HowIwishIcouldbeyoungerthannow！(2015重慶，寫作一)我太開心了！我多么希望能夠比現(xiàn)在年輕一點(diǎn)！,(2)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)Inthepicture，aboyisfullyabsorbedinabookmadeofbamboo，withseveralmorescrollslyingononeendofhisdesk.(2015福建)圖畫中，一個(gè)男孩在全神貫注地讀一本由竹子做成的書，桌子的一邊放著很多卷書。,(3)特殊句式①Canyoutelluswhenandwhere？(2015安徽)你能告訴我們什么時(shí)間以及在哪里嗎？②Itshowsthatitishardworkanddeterminationratherthanouterconditionsthatplayavitalroleinshapingagreatmind.(2015福建)這表明成為一個(gè)偉大人物的決定因素是艱苦的工作及毅力而不是外部條件。,③Itisthepeoplewhoobeytherulesthatmatter.(2015江蘇)重要的是遵守這些規(guī)則的人們。④Notonlydotheyofferyoujoyandexcitement，butalsotheyencourageyoutothinkcritically.(2015天津)它們不僅可以讓你們開心和興奮，而且還激勵(lì)你們進(jìn)行批判性思考。,(4)名詞性從句①Iwonderifyou’dliketogowithme.(2015北京，書面表達(dá)一)我想知道你是否愿意和我一起去。②Withthedevelopmentofmedicaltechnology，wecandetectwhetherpeoplehavemajorillnessesandpredictwhetherpeoplehaveapreferenceforfoodbyusingsalivasample，andremindpeopletotakeappropriateexercise.(2015廣東，基礎(chǔ)寫作),隨著醫(yī)療技術(shù)的發(fā)展，我們能診斷人們是否得了什么重要疾病并能通過唾液樣本預(yù)測(cè)人們對(duì)食物的偏好，同時(shí)提醒人們進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)腻憻?。③ItisjustwhatIwant.(2015四川)這正是我想要的。④Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldgivememoreinformation.(2015重慶，寫作二)如果你能提供更多的信息我將不勝感激。,,(5)定語(yǔ)從句①Iftheyoftencheatintheexams，theywillformabadhabit，whichwillhaveabadeffectontheirlife.(2015廣東，讀寫任務(wù))如果他們?cè)诳荚囍薪?jīng)常作弊，他們就會(huì)養(yǎng)成一個(gè)壞習(xí)慣，這將會(huì)對(duì)他們的生活產(chǎn)生壞的影響。②FromthisexperienceIhavelearnedthatquestioningcanserveasabridgethathelpsustoseekthetruth.(2015湖北)這次經(jīng)歷使我明白了質(zhì)疑是幫助我們探尋真理的橋梁。,③MyteachermaythinkIamexcellentandthatIcandowellinmystudy，whichcanmakememoreconfident.(2015湖南)我的老師可能認(rèn)為我優(yōu)秀并能學(xué)好習(xí)，這樣能使我更加自信。④Lastbutnotleast，everyonewillbehappyifpraised，whichisthecommonpositiveemotionthateverybodylikestoshare.(2015湖南)最后但同樣重要的一點(diǎn)，被表?yè)P(yáng)大家都會(huì)開心，這是人人都愿意分享的最常見的正能量。,⑤TheDoubleNinthFestival，whichisthedaysetasidefortheelderlyinourculture，isdrawingnear.(2015全國(guó)Ⅱ)重陽(yáng)節(jié)即將到來，它是在我們的文化里專門為老年人設(shè)置的節(jié)日。⑥Besides，IoftenteachmyEnglishteacherwhocomesfromAmericaMandarininmysparetime.(2015四川)另外，在我的業(yè)余時(shí)間里我經(jīng)常教我的英語(yǔ)老師普通話，他來自美國(guó)。,⑦Ourschoolwilldonate5,000copiesofdifferentvaluablebookstoyourclass，whichincludepopularsciencebooks，classicworksandsoon.(2015天津)我們學(xué)校將向你們班級(jí)捐獻(xiàn)5000冊(cè)有價(jià)值的不同書籍，包括科普書、經(jīng)典著作等。⑧ThisisthereasonwhyIwanttointerviewher，notonlybecauseofherfame，butalsobecauseofherkindnessandhonest.(2015安徽)這是我想采訪她的理由，不僅僅是因?yàn)樗拿?，還是因?yàn)樗挠焉坪驼\(chéng)實(shí)。,,(6)狀語(yǔ)從句①Ifyouareinterestedinit，letmeknowandI’llsendyoumoreinformation.(2015北京，書面表達(dá)一)如果你感興趣，告訴我，我會(huì)為你提供更多的信息。②Ifyou’dliketojoinus，pleaseletusknowandwe’llwaitforyouattheschoolgateat9inthemorning.(2015全國(guó)Ⅱ)如果你想加入我們，請(qǐng)告訴我們，我們將于上午9點(diǎn)在學(xué)校大門口等你。,,③IfyouwanttospeakMandarinwell.First，youshouldreadmoreandwatchmoreChineseTVprogrammes.(2015四川)如果你想說好普通話，首先，你應(yīng)該多讀、多看中文電視節(jié)目。④Ifyouhavemoreneeds，pleaseletmeknowassoonaspossible.(2015天津)如果你有更多的需求，請(qǐng)盡快告訴我。,⑤Inaword，youcanwriteanythingrelevantsolongasit’sinterestingandinformative.(2015全國(guó)Ⅰ)總之，你可以寫任何相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，只要有趣味并能增長(zhǎng)見識(shí)。⑥IhopeyouwouldbesokindastosendittousbeforeJune28th，sothatitcanbepublishedintime.(2015全國(guó)Ⅰ)我希望你能發(fā)善心在6月28日以前給我們寄過來，以便能夠按時(shí)出版。,⑦WhenIhaveadifferentopinion，Imaychoosetogiveitupandrespecttheopinionofthemajority.(2015浙江)當(dāng)我有不同意見時(shí)，我會(huì)選擇放棄自己的意見并尊重大多數(shù)人的意見。⑧Oncewewerelefttodecidewhethertohaveapicnicinaparkorgotoamuseum.Iwouldlovetogotoamuseum.(2015浙江)一旦讓我們決定是在公園野餐還是去博物館，我愿意去博物館。,⑨IfIlearnEnglishwell，IcandowhatIloveto.(2015重慶，寫作一)如果我學(xué)好英語(yǔ)，我能做我喜歡做的事。⑩Ihaveapreferenceforwildrelease，becauseitisveryconvenientfortheotherpersonswhowanttoreadbooks.(2015重慶，寫作二)我喜歡自由分享，因?yàn)檫@樣對(duì)于那些想讀書的其他人來說很方便。,(7)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞①Socarefulwerewethatwequicklymasteredthewayofdoingit，startingtomakeourown“artwork”usingapieceofdough.(2015北京，書面表達(dá)二)我們很細(xì)心，于是我們很快掌握了做這件事的方法，開始用面團(tuán)制作我們自己的藝術(shù)品。②Fromthisexperience，Ilearnedthatitisourresponsibilityaswellasourjoytoprotectthetradition.(2015北京，書面表達(dá)二)從這次體驗(yàn)我感受到，保護(hù)傳統(tǒng)的東西不僅是責(zé)任更是一種樂趣。,③ThestorytellsusofafamousscholarnamedKuangHengfromWesternHanDynasty.(2015福建)這個(gè)故事給我們講述的是西漢時(shí)期的著名學(xué)者匡衡。④It’sawasteoftimeplayinggamesanditwillhaveabadeffectontheirstudy.(2015廣東，讀寫任務(wù))玩游戲是一種時(shí)間的浪費(fèi)，同時(shí)對(duì)他們的學(xué)習(xí)也有壞的影響。,⑤Asastudent，Icantellyouthatthereisnothingbetterthanbeingpraisedbymyteacherbeforemyclassmates.(2015湖南)作為一名學(xué)生，我可以告訴你沒有什么比在同學(xué)們面前受到老師的表?yè)P(yáng)更好的事情了。⑥What’sworse，somedrivers，cyclistsandpedestriansdonotthinkitvitaltoobeytrafficrules.(2015江蘇)更糟糕的是，一些機(jī)動(dòng)車司機(jī)、騎自行車的人以及行人并不認(rèn)為遵守交通規(guī)則很重要。,,⑦Itiseverybody’sdutytoobservethemtokeepoursocietyinorderandgoingontherighttrack.(2015江蘇)維護(hù)社會(huì)秩序，在正確的路線上行駛是每個(gè)人應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)。⑧We’llalsospendsomefuntimetogethersinging，dancingandplayinggames，whichwehopewillmakethemhappy.(2015全國(guó)Ⅱ)我們還將一起度過一段快樂時(shí)光，一起唱、跳、玩游戲，我們希望這會(huì)使他們開心。,,⑨Iamwritingtoapplyforthevolunteerpositionstatedinyournotice.(2015陜西)我正在寫信申請(qǐng)你們通知里陳述到的志愿者職位。(8)諺語(yǔ)①Astheoldsayinggoes，“Aninchoftimeisworthaninchofgold”.(2015廣東，讀寫任務(wù))俗話說，一寸光陰一寸金。②Everycoinhasitstwosides.(2015湖南)事物是一分為二的。,4.此外還要注意以下幾個(gè)方面：(1)要有高分句意識(shí)。高分句可以用復(fù)合句、特殊句式(尤其是使用倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句等)，還可以使用諺語(yǔ)。高分句最好放在每一段的首句，這樣給人耳目一新的感覺。還可以放在文章的結(jié)尾，給人以厚重的感覺。,(2)要有段落意識(shí)。這樣使作文層次分明，條理清晰。每一段的段首或段尾有一個(gè)高分句，能為文章增色不少。(3)要書寫優(yōu)美。一篇優(yōu)秀的作文猶如一件藝術(shù)品，書寫清楚，字母大小寫勻稱，單詞間距適當(dāng)，給人以美的享受，這樣的作文怎么能不得高分呢！,一、6種常用寫作模板(一)觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比類寫作1.一般情況下先陳述兩個(gè)對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)，最后給出自己的看法。(1)有人認(rèn)為……(2)而有的人則認(rèn)為……(3)在我看來……,,模版與范文,Thethemeof①(主題)isbecomingincreasinglypopularnowadays.Therearetwooppositeopinionsaboutit.SomepeoplesaytheyareinfavorofA.Theirviewisthat②(支持A的理由一).Whatismore，③(理由二).Moreover，④(理由三).WhilesomeotherspreferB.Thereasonsareasfollows.First(Tobeginwith)，⑤(支持B的理由一).Second(Besides)，⑥(理由二).Lastly(Finally)，⑦(理由三).,Personally，Ithink⑧(我的觀點(diǎn)).Thereasonisthat⑨(原因).Actually，reasonsarevarious.Forme，theformerissurelyawisechoice.,2.有時(shí)候先給出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，然后要求考生反駁這一觀點(diǎn)。Somepeopleholdthebeliefthat①(觀點(diǎn)一).Forexample，theythink②(理由陳述).And③(為他們帶來的好處).Basedonmyownopinion，Ineverthinkthisreasoncanbethepoint.Foronething，④(我反對(duì)該看法的理由一).Foranotherthing，⑤(理由二).Tobeshort，Iagreetotheopinionthat⑥(我對(duì)文章所討論主題的看法).,(二)主題闡述類寫作一般是從一句話或一個(gè)主題出發(fā)，然后根據(jù)所給提示中的要求進(jìn)行論述。1.先闡述這句話或主題所蘊(yùn)涵的意義；2.分析、舉例并使其內(nèi)容更充實(shí)。Asweknow，theoldfamoussaying①(名言或諺語(yǔ))remindsusthat②(釋義).Indeed，wecanlearnalotfromit.Firstly，③(理由一).Forexample，④(舉例說明).,Secondly，⑤(理由二)．Anothercaseisthat⑥(舉例說明)．Furthermore，⑦(理由三)．ButIthink，⑧(我的觀點(diǎn))．Inaword，whateveryoudo，pleaserememberwhatthesayingtellsus.Ifyoudoasittellsyouto，you’llsurelybenefitalotfromit.,(三)問題解決方法類寫作一般情況下要求考生列舉出解決問題的多種途徑。1.先陳述問題現(xiàn)狀；2.然后探討怎樣解決。Recently，wehavetofacetheproblem①(第一個(gè)問題)，whichisbecomingincreasinglyserious.Firstly，②(第一個(gè)問題的概況).Secondly，③(進(jìn)一步列舉說明現(xiàn)狀).Confrontedwithit，aseriesofeffectivemeasuresshouldbe,takentodealwiththesituation.Foronething，④(解決方法一).Foranother，⑤(解決方法二).Finally，⑥(解決方法三).Inmyopinion，Idobelievethat⑦(我的解決方法).Asaconsequence，I’mconfidentthatabrightfutureisaheadofusbecause⑧(帶來的好處).,(四)利弊對(duì)比類寫作一般情況下先說明一下現(xiàn)狀，然后對(duì)比事物本身的利弊，但有時(shí)候往往先從一個(gè)角度(利或弊)作為切入點(diǎn)，最后要求考生表明自己的觀點(diǎn)(或?qū)κ挛锴熬疤岢鲱A(yù)測(cè))。1.陳述事物目前狀況；2.事物本身的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)(或一方面)；3.你對(duì)現(xiàn)狀(或前景)的看法。,Atpresent，manypeoplepreferAbecauseithasasignificantroleinourdailylife.Generally，itsadvantagescanbeseenasfollows.First，①(A的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一).Besides，②(A的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之二).However，eachcoinhasitstwosides.Apparently，oneofitsimportantdisadvantagesisthat③(A的缺點(diǎn)之一).Worsestill/Tomakemattersworse，④(A的缺點(diǎn)之二).,Judgingfromtheanalysismentionedabove，Iamsurethatthepositiveaspectsoverweighthenegativeones.Soit’sobviousthatIwouldliketo⑤(我的看法).Therefore，weshouldtakeitanddoitreasonablyandpractically.Onlyinthisway，⑥(對(duì)未來情況的預(yù)測(cè)).,(五)答題性議論文寫作Currently，thereisawidespreadconcernover(theissuethat)①(作文題目)，whichisreallyimportanttoeveryoneofus.Consequently，immediatemeasuresmustbetakentosolvethisproblem.It’sknowntoallthatmanystepscanbetakentosolvethisproblem.Firstofall，②(途徑一).Additionally，anotherwayofdealingwiththeproblemis③(途徑二).,Aboveall，therearevariousways.ButasfarasIamconcerned，Iwouldprefertosolvetheprobleminthisway，thatistosay，④(方法).,(六)諺語(yǔ)警句性議論文Whatisknowntousisthattheproverb①(諺語(yǔ))hasaprofoundsignificanceandvaluenotonlyinourjobbutalsoinourstudy.Itmeans②(諺語(yǔ)的含義).Thesayingcanbeillustratedthroughaseriesofexamplesasfollows③(舉例說明).,二、12篇不同類型的經(jīng)典范文(一)給報(bào)社等的討論稿(攜帶手機(jī)的利弊)DearEditor，[開門見山]I’maseniorschoolstudent.I’mwritingtotellyoumyopiniononwhetherseniorhighschoolstudentsshouldgotoschoolwithmobilephones.,[個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)]Ithinktheycandothat.Becauseitisquiteconvenientforthestudentstokeepintouchwiththeirfriendsandfamilywherevertheyare.What’smore，astudentcanalsouseitforfun.,[利弊對(duì)比]However，eachcoinhasitstwosides.Thereexistsomeproblems，suchas，theringofphonesmaydisturbteachers’teachingandstudents’study.,(二)根據(jù)柱狀圖表寫調(diào)查報(bào)告Theideasaboutfuturejobshavechangedalotinhighschoolstudents.Whatisthemoststrikingcontrastisteaching：40percentofthegirlswouldprefertobecometeacherswhiletheboysonlymakeup15percent.45percentoftheboyswouldliketodobusinessandanother30percentwanttobelawyers，whileonly10percentofthegirlswanttodoso.To,theboys，theywouldliketobecomemanagersmostandnexttoit，scientists.Besidesteaching，girlsalsowanttobescientistsandmanagers.Theyjustexpecttoshowtheirabilitiesinthesetwofields.,(三)過去與現(xiàn)在對(duì)比的信件DearEditor，I’mamiddleschoolstudent.Ioncehadaveryactiveandoutgoingfriend，buteverythinghaschangedbecauseofhisrecentaddictiontocomputergames.Heusedtobeaverygoodstudentandwasoftenpraisedbyhisteachers.Hestudiedhardanddidwellineverysubject.Besides，heoftenhelpedotherswiththeirstudy.,However，heisnowquiteadifferentperson.Heplaysgamesalldayandallnightandoftenrunsawayfromschool.Ijustcan’tstophimplayinggamesagain.I’mverymuchworriedandI’mafraiditwilldestroyhisfutureaswellashimself.CouldyoutellmewhatIcando？I’mlookingforwardtoyourreply.Thankyouverymuch.Yours，LiHua,(四)圖畫與個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)Theotherdayduringthesummerholidays，IcameacrossmyclassmateLiHua，whoismybestfriend.Wetalkedwhilewalking.WhenIaskedhimwheretogoduringtheholidays，herepliedthathehadtostayathomestudying.ThenIaskedwhy.Muchtomysurprise，hetoldmethatitwasjustbecausehefailedinthecollegeentranceexaminations.,Personally，notonlydoestravelingincreaseastudent’sknowledgebutalsomakeslifemeaningful.What’smore，atthepresenttime，westudentsaresufferingalotbothathomeandschool.Whynotgoouttogetrelaxed?,(五)三段式作文解讀幽默畫[闡明主題]Ourschoolbagsneedlighteningbadly[圖畫內(nèi)容]Thepictureisaboutaschoolboyandabigwoman.Theboywithapairofglassesiscarryingaheavyschoolbag，whilethewomanistakingsomeexercise.Theboyissayingtothewomanjokingly，“Mum，ifyoucarrytheschoolbagforme，I’msureyouwilleasilyloseweight...”,[社會(huì)實(shí)際]Obviously，weChinesestudentsareoverburdenedwitheverydaylessonsandhomework.Everydaywhatwehavetodoistolistentotheteachers，takenotesanddoourhomeworkendlessly.,[個(gè)人想法]Surelywehopetogetmoreknowledgewithfewerlectures，exercisesandlesshomework.Onlybythismeanscanwesparesometimetodosportseveryday.Thenwewillbehealthymentallyandphysically.,(六)敘事類圖畫作文YesterdayafternoonIwalkingintheparkwhensuddenlyIsawatouchingevent.Atthattimesomepeoplewereboatingonthelake.Meanwhileagirlandherparentsweretakingphotos.Allofasudden，thelittlegirlfellintothelakeasaresultofcarelessness.It’sobviousthatshecouldn’tswimandwasstrugglinginthewater.Herparents,criedforhelp.Hearingthecry，ayoungmanimmediatelydashedtothebankanddivedintothewaterbeforehecouldtakeoffhisclothes.Heswamtothedrowninggirlandpushedhertothebank.Thegirlwassavedandherparentsfeltquitegratefultotheyoungman，whosedeedsmovedthepeoplepresent.Whataniceandbraveyoungman!,(七)請(qǐng)求筆友幫忙的信DearPeter，Howareyoudoing?[寫信目的]I’mwritingtotellyouthatmyuncleLiMingisgoingtoyourcityforaconference，andI’veaskedhimtobringyoutheChinesepaintingyou’veaskedforbefore.,[提出請(qǐng)求]Also，I’dlikeyoutodomeafavor.WouldyoupleasemeetmyuncleattheairportandtakehimtothehotelsincethisishisfirstvisittotheU.S.？Thankyouinadvance!,[具體細(xì)節(jié)]HisflightnumberisCA985，anditwillarriveat11：30am，August6.Myuncleistallandinabluejacketwithglasses.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours，LiHua,(八)書面通知Sept.14th,2015NOTICEInordertohelpstudentsknowmoreaboutcomputers，wehaveinvitedProfessorZhangfromtheDepartmentofComputerfromBeijingUniversitytogiveusalectureonMonday，December14th.ProfessorZhangwillgiveusatalkontheuseofcomputerandhowtolearnthroughtheInternet.,Thelecturebeginsat3：00pminRoom207ofthelibraryBuilding.Whoeverlovesitiswelcometoattendit.Pleasecomewithyourquestionsoncomputerlearning.ProfessorZhangwillleaveyoutimeforquestions.Don’tforgettobeontime.Students’Union,(九)學(xué)校生活中的常見歡迎詞Ladiesandgentlemen，Warmlywelcometoourschool！NowIhavethegreathonortointroducesomethingaboutthechangesthathavetakenplaceinourclass.Weusedtobebusylisteningandtakingnotesinclass，andhadnotimetothinkforourselves.Becausewehadnointerestinthelessons，weoftenfeltbored，tiredandsleepywhilelistening.Afterschoolwehadtodoendlesshomework，unabletohavetimeforsomesports.,However，thingshavechangedgreatlynow.Withthehelpofcomputers，thelessonsaresolivelyandinterestingthatthestudentsbecomeactiveandinterested.Asaresult，wehavemadegreaterprogressthanbeforewithlesstime.Andwehaveenoughtimetoenjoyourselvesafterclass.Suchgoodteachingmethodispopularwithallofus.Wewilltryourbesttostudyevenharder.That’sall.Thankyou!,(十)填寫求職表格Familyname：LiFirstname：HuaSex：MaleDateofbirth：March25,1991Placeofbirth：Xi’an，ShaanxiNationality：ChineseAddress：No.1HighSchoolofXi’an,Telephonenumber：029－2081777Education：GraduatedfromXi’anUniversityExplainwhyyouthinkyouarequalifiedforthejob：,Ienjoycommunicatingwithpeople.I’myoung，healthy，delightfulandhelpful.IcanspeakstandardChineseandI’malsogoodatEnglish.IoncewonthefirstprizeofEnglishcompetitioninourcollege.I’mveryfondoftravelingandknowmanyplacesofinterestinChina.,(十一)求職信DearSir，IlearnthatatravelguideisneededinyourcompanyfromChinaDailytheotherday，soI’mwritingtoapplyfortheposition.I’mChinese，male.IwasbornonMarch25,1991inXi’an，ShaanxiProvince.IgraduatedfromXi’anUniversitylastmonth.Ienjoycommunicatingwithpeople.I’myoung，healthy，delightfulandhelpful.Ican,speakstandardChineseandI’malsogoodatEnglish.IoncewonthefirstprizeofEnglishcompetitioninourcollege.I’mveryfondoftravelingandknowmanyplacesofinterestinChina.,IthinkI’mqualifiedforthejob.IfyoucanoffermethischanceIwilldom