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2019-2020年高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí) 專題三 代詞和介詞練習(xí) 1．(xx課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ)Its an eitheror situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do ______. A．others　　　　　　　　B．either C．a(chǎn)nother D．both 解析：句意：這是二者擇其一的局面——我們要么今年買輛新車，要么去度假，但是不能二者兼顧。本題考查不定代詞。both用于否定句表示部分否定，意為“不是兩者都”。other另一些；either(兩者中的)一個(gè)；another又一，再一。 答案：D 2．(xx天津卷)At our factory there are a few machines similar to ______ described in this magazine. A．them B．these C．those D．ones 解析：句意：在我們工廠有幾臺(tái)機(jī)器和這本雜志里描述的那些機(jī)器相似。本題考查代詞。首先將題干改為：At our factory there are a few machines similar to the_machines described in this magazine.然后考慮用those替代特指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞(the machines)，以避免重復(fù)。 答案：C 3．(xx山東卷)Ive lived in New York and Chicago, but dont like ______ of them very much. A．either B．a(chǎn)ny C．each D．a(chǎn)nother 解析：句意：我在紐約和芝加哥生活過，但是我對(duì)這兩個(gè)城市都不太喜歡。本題考查不定代詞。根據(jù)題干中的New York and Chicago可知，此處應(yīng)該是考查“兩者中的任何一個(gè)”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有either合適。 答案：A 4．(xx遼寧卷)To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then ______ of her colleagues. A．that B．one C．ones D．those 解析：句意：令Della高興的是，她先是贏得了她學(xué)生的信任，然后又贏得了同事的信任?？疾榇~的用法?？崭裉幯a(bǔ)全為the trust，是特指的不可數(shù)名詞，用that指代。其余三個(gè)選項(xiàng)用來指代可數(shù)名詞。 答案：A 5．(xx安徽卷)This project requires close teamwork.______ will be achieved unless we work well together. A．Nothing B．Anything C．Something D．Everything 解析：句意：這項(xiàng)工程要求緊密的團(tuán)隊(duì)合作，如果我們不能很好地一起工作，我們將會(huì)一事無成。本題考查不定代詞。根據(jù)句意可知設(shè)空處應(yīng)為表示否定的nothing。 答案：A 6．(xx課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ)It was a real race ______ time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it. A．over B．by C．for D．a(chǎn)gainst 解析：句意：完成這項(xiàng)工程真的是在與時(shí)間賽跑。幸運(yùn)的是，我們成功了。本題考查介詞辨析。over在……上面；by被，由，經(jīng)由；for支持，贊成；against反對(duì)，違背。 答案：D 7．(xx課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ)A serious study of physics is impossible ______ some knowledge of mathematics. A．a(chǎn)gainst B．before C．beyond D．without 解析：句意：沒有一定的數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)，進(jìn)行嚴(yán)肅的物理學(xué)研究是不可能的。本題考查介詞辨析。against反對(duì)，映襯，靠著；before在……之前；beyond超出；without沒有。 答案：D 8．(xx遼寧卷)______ everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country. A．By means of B．On behalf of C．In search of D．For fear of 解析：句意：我代表這兒的每一個(gè)人，希望你們的回國(guó)旅程愉快?？疾榻樵~短語。A：依靠……方法；B：代表；C：尋找；D：唯恐。B項(xiàng)符合句意。 答案：B 9．(xx江蘇卷)I am always delighted when I receive an email from you. ______ the party on July 1st, I shall be pleased to attend. A．On account of B．In response to C．In view of D．With regard to 解析：句意：我總是很高興收到你的郵件，關(guān)于七月一日的聚會(huì)，我將樂意參加。本題考查介詞短語辨析。A：因?yàn)椋捎?；B：對(duì)……作出回應(yīng)；C：由于，考慮到；D：關(guān)于。 答案：D 10．(xx陜西卷)The manager wants to see changes in the pany, and I am sure he will ______. A．in particular B．in turn C．in charge D．in time 解析：句意：經(jīng)理想看到公司的變化，我確信他遲早會(huì)看到的?？疾榻樵~短語辨析。A：尤其是，特別是；B：輪流，依次；C：負(fù)責(zé)；D：最終，遲早。D項(xiàng)符合句意。 答案：D 1．(xx蘇北一模)—Whats ______ like to live at the North Pole in winter, can you imagine? —Youll have to tolerate extreme cold and the long absence of sunlight. A．this B．that C．one D．it 解析：句意：——你能想象在冬天生活在北極是什么樣子的嗎？——你將不得不忍受極度的寒冷和長(zhǎng)期缺少陽光。本題考查代詞的用法。it作為形式主語，指代to live at the North Pole in winter。 答案：D 2．(xx東北三校)The Xiaomi Phone 2 has functions similar to ______ of Apples iPhone 5, but sells for just half the price of its petitor. A．that B．one C．those D．ones 解析：句意：小米二型手機(jī)有與蘋果iPhone 5相似的功能，但其價(jià)格只是它對(duì)手價(jià)格的一半。本題考查代詞。首先將原句改為：The Xiaomi Phone 2 has functions similar to the functions of Apples iPhone 5, but sells for just half the price of its petitor. 然后考慮用those代替特指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，以避免重復(fù)。 答案：C 3．(xx東北調(diào)研)The girl thinks she is ______ of a star as she won the local beauty contest. A．something B．a(chǎn)nything C．everything D．nothing 解析：句意：因?yàn)樵诋?dāng)?shù)氐倪x美大賽中獲勝，那個(gè)女孩認(rèn)為自己差不多成明星了。something of a/an...表示“多少有點(diǎn)，有幾分……”，故選A項(xiàng)。 答案：A 4．(xx濟(jì)寧模擬)When you are done with the book, go out for a walk or ______. A．whoever B．wherever C．whatever D．however 解析：句意：當(dāng)你完成了那本書的時(shí)候，出去散散步或做一些其他類似的事情。or whatever為習(xí)語，意為：或其他類似的事物。又如：Take any sport—basketball, ice hockey, swimming or whatever.參加任一項(xiàng)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)——籃球、冰球、游泳等等。or wherever意為：或其他任何地方，又如：many foreign tourists from Spain, France or wherever.來自西班牙、法國(guó)或任何別的地方的許多外國(guó)游客。 答案：C 5．(xx鄭州質(zhì)檢)Frankly speaking, ______ of them knew what the other was doing that morning. A．none B．neither C．some D．a(chǎn)ll 解析：句意：坦率地說，他們兩人都不知道那天上午對(duì)方在做什么。根據(jù)題干中的the other(兩者中的另一方)可推知設(shè)空處表示兩個(gè)人，而四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有B項(xiàng)指兩個(gè)人且表示否定，故答案為B項(xiàng)。 答案：B 6．(xx成都診斷)—What are you two whispering about over there? —Oh, ______. Just small talk. A．no B．nobody C．none D．nothing 解析：句意：——你們倆在那兒嘀咕什么呢？——噢，沒什么，只是聊聊家常。首先排除A(不)、B(沒有人)兩項(xiàng)；none往往回答由how many/much引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句。而nothing用來回答what引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句。 答案：D 7．(xx東城聯(lián)考)I would like to buy a book Life of Pi, but ______ was found in the bookstore. A．nothing B．none C．no one D．neither 解析：句意：我想買一本《少年派的奇幻漂流》，但是我在書店里沒找到。首先排除C項(xiàng)no one(沒有人)、D項(xiàng)neither(兩者都不)；nothing表示泛指，常與something，anything，everything一起出現(xiàn)，本句題干并未出現(xiàn)這類詞，故排除A項(xiàng)；none往往與名詞連用，根據(jù)本句題干中的a book可知答案為B項(xiàng)，相當(dāng)于none of the books。 答案：B 8．(xx衡水六模)Various optional courses being available, we can choose ______ based on own interest. A．either B．each C．one D．it 解析：句意：各種選修課都可以選修，我們可以根據(jù)自己的興趣選擇某一科。本題考查代詞的用法。本句用one代替an optional course以避免重復(fù)。A：(兩者中的)任何一個(gè)；B：兩者或兩者以上中的每一個(gè)，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體；it指上文提到的同一事物。以上三項(xiàng)均不合句意要求。 答案：C 9．(xx安徽聯(lián)考)The talented young engineer who was skilled at designing aircraft died ______ his new project unfinished. A．of B．with C．from D．for 解析：句意：那位精通飛機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)的很有天賦的年輕工程師在他的新工程還沒完成的情況下去世了。of表所屬關(guān)系，意為：……的；from從……；for為了，由于。with表示伴隨，在本句中與后面的his new project unfinished構(gòu)成with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語。本題易誤選of成from，考生誤以為本題考查die of或die from短語，如選這兩項(xiàng)本句句意不通。 答案：B 10．(xx石家莊質(zhì)檢)Though in fact he got ______， there was no doubt that he had meant to offer help. A．in a way B．in the way C．on the way D．by the way 解析：句意：雖然在事實(shí)上他妨礙了工作，但毫無疑問他原打算幫忙。A：在某種程度上；C：在路上，即將去(或來)；D：順便說一聲。in the way; causing inconvenience or an obstruction造成不便或阻礙。又如：I left them alone, as I felt I was in the way. 我躲開了他們，因?yàn)槲矣X得我妨礙他們的事。 答案：B 11．(xx東北一模)______ his career as actor he never gave up his hope of being a Hollywood star. A．Throughout B．Within C．For D．In 解析：句意：在他整個(gè)演藝生涯中，他從未放棄成為好萊塢明星的夢(mèng)想。throughout 表示時(shí)間時(shí)，意為：during all of a particular period, from the beginning to the end，強(qiáng)調(diào)“在……的整個(gè)期間”；in和within都可表示“在……(時(shí)間)內(nèi)”，但不能強(qiáng)調(diào)自始至終，故被排除；for表示時(shí)間，后需加一段時(shí)間，如：for a year/month等。 答案：A 12．(xx濟(jì)南模擬)You should study the details of the policy ______ before you sign it. A．in return B．in advance C．a(chǎn)t ease D．on purpose 解析：句意：在你簽字前應(yīng)該預(yù)先研究一下政策細(xì)節(jié)。A：作為回報(bào)；B：預(yù)先，事先；C：舒適，不拘束，稍息；D：故意地。 答案：B 13．(xx四川調(diào)研)A diet of high fat, high protein and low fiber foods will put us ______ a higher risk of being overweight. A．of B．to C．on D．a(chǎn)t 解析：句意：過多食用高脂肪、高蛋白和低纖維的食物將會(huì)提高我們超重的幾率。at risk為固定短語，意為“處于危險(xiǎn)之中”。 答案：D 14．(xx南京二模)The lift in that tall building went wrong and got trapped ______ the floors. People in it had no way out and were in panic. A．a(chǎn)mong B．on C．between D．in 解析：句意：那棟高樓的電梯出了故障被困在了樓層之間。里面的人無法出去，處于驚恐之中。首先排除B(在……上)、D(在……里)兩項(xiàng)；among指在三者或三者以上之間，不合句意，故被排除。between在兩者之間，本句表示“被困在兩個(gè)樓層之間”，故為答案。 答案：C 15．(xx福建質(zhì)檢)The doctor advised her to eat more bean products ______ meat which might be harmful to her heart. A．for lack of B．by means of C．in place of D．in favor of 解析：句意：那位醫(yī)生建議她少吃肉多吃豆制品，肉類可能對(duì)她的心臟有害。A：由于缺少；B：用……方式；C：取代，代替；D：贊成，支持。 答案：C 1．One person was killed on the spot and three ______ received minor injuries. A．ones B．a(chǎn)nother C．others D．the others 解析：考查代詞。語意：現(xiàn)場(chǎng)有一人被殺，其他三人受輕傷。three others在此處表示“其他三人，另外三人”，符合語意。ones一般不用數(shù)詞修飾；another和數(shù)詞連用時(shí)，放在數(shù)詞前面，the others也不用數(shù)詞修飾。 答案：C 2．The doors here are really ______， all are made of good wood like mahogany. A．something B．a(chǎn)nything C．nothing D．everything 解析：考查代詞用法。語意：這兒的門真是極品，全部由紅木一類的優(yōu)質(zhì)木材制成。something在這里表示“想來重要(或值得注意)的事物”。 答案：A 3．Poverty has risen in Nigeria, with almost 100 million people living on less than $1 a day, ______ economic growth. A．despite B．besides C．except D．with 解析：考查介詞辨析。語意：盡管(despite)經(jīng)濟(jì)有所增長(zhǎng)，尼日利亞的貧困狀況仍在加劇，差不多一億人每天僅靠不到1美元度日。 答案：A 4．－Which of the white shirts appeals to you most? －______. I prefer a yellow one. A．Neither B．None C．All D．Both 解析：考查代詞。語意：——你最喜歡哪一件白襯衫？——哪一件也不喜歡。我喜歡黃色的襯衫。從“I prefer a yellow one”可以看出答話者哪件白襯衫也不喜歡，根據(jù)“most”可知，這是三者以上的比較，故選B。 答案：B 5．According to a study, Chinese adults are getting fatter faster than ______ in any other nation, only second to Mexico. A．those B．that C．ones D．one 解析：考查代詞。語意：根據(jù)一項(xiàng)研究，中國(guó)成年人變胖的速度僅次于墨西哥，比其他任何國(guó)家的都快。those 代指前文提到的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，故選A項(xiàng)。 答案：A 6．Something is out of our control, so we have to mand ______. A．it B．itself C．us D．ourselves 解析：考查代詞。語意：有些事情我們無法控制，因此只好控制我們自己。根據(jù)語意結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可知，應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)，表示“我們自己”。 答案：D 7．－I have been told that the visit was cancelled. －I cant believe all our preparations were for ______. A．something B．nothing C．everything D．a(chǎn)nything 解析：考查不定代詞。語意：——有人告訴我訪問被取消了?！液?jiǎn)直不能相信我們所做的一切準(zhǔn)備工作都白費(fèi)了。for nothing白白地；免費(fèi)地。 答案：B 8．Almost everyone is ______ bringing down the housing prices because theyre really too high now. A．in favor of B．in charge of C．in honor of D．in search of 解析：考查介詞短語辨析。語意：幾乎每個(gè)人都贊同降低房?jī)r(jià)因?yàn)樗鼈儸F(xiàn)在確實(shí)太高了。in favor of“贊同，支持”；in charge of“照管，主管”；in honor of“為向……表示敬意”；in search of“搜尋”。 答案：A 9．We have made ______ clear to the world that China is ready to work with other countries. A．that B．it C．itself D．this 解析：考查代詞用法。在此句型中，it為形式賓語，從句“that China is ready to work with other countries”為真正的賓語。當(dāng)不定式(短語)、動(dòng)名詞(短語)或that從句在句子中作某些動(dòng)詞，如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等的賓語時(shí)，常用it作形式賓語。 答案：B 10．He suggested another approach, ______， I thought, that required managers to change their behaviour and the way they spend their time. A．one B．it C．that D．which 解析：考查代詞。語意：他建議用另一種方法，我認(rèn)為是一種需要經(jīng)理們改變自己的行為和支配自己時(shí)間的方式的方法。此處one作another approach的同位語，相當(dāng)于a/an＋單數(shù)名詞，that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾one，起到進(jìn)一步說明的作用。 答案：A 11．It is important to know what colours look good ______ your skin before you buy clothes. A．for B．upon C．a(chǎn)gainst D．with 解析：考查介詞。語意：在購(gòu)買衣服前，了解什么樣的顏色襯你的膚色很重要。此處要用介詞against表示“在……襯托下，以……為背景”。 答案：C 12．You should use your English ______ the classroom, not just in class, or you will forget what you know. A．a(chǎn)t B．from C．beneath D．beyond 解析：考查介詞用法。語意表示在課堂之外也要使用英語，用介詞beyond表示“超出”。 答案：D 13．－I have got two ideas to spend the weekend, going hiking and playing football. Which do you prefer? －Well, ______. You see I have been too tired throughout the whole week. A．either B．both C．neither D．none 解析：考查不定代詞。從答語中可知第二個(gè)人對(duì)第一個(gè)人的兩個(gè)提議都不贊同，所以選neither，表示“兩者都不”。either兩者中任何一個(gè)；both兩者都；none否定兩者以上的人或物。 答案：C 14．He achieved his goal of running a pany ______ intelligence and hard work. A．in terms of B．by means of C．in spite of D．in favor of 解析：考查介詞短語。語意：他通過自己的才智和努力工作實(shí)現(xiàn)了經(jīng)營(yíng)一個(gè)公司的目標(biāo)。表示“依靠……方法”，用by means of。in terms of“就……而言”，in spite of“盡管”，in favor of“贊同，支持”。 答案：B 15．－I will buy the tickets for all of us. －I dont think so. Not ______ will attend the concert next Sunday. A．a(chǎn)nyone B．someone C．everyone D．none 解析：考查代詞。語意：——我會(huì)為我們所有人都買好票?！艺J(rèn)為不要這樣。并非每個(gè)人都會(huì)在下個(gè)星期天去聽音樂會(huì)。everyone與not連用表示部分否定。 答案：C