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1、語(yǔ)法學(xué)案 高三英語(yǔ)備課組 高考定語(yǔ)從句復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案 一）概念：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一_________或_________的從句，叫定語(yǔ)從句 1. _______詞：定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞 2. 引導(dǎo)詞：(1) 關(guān)系______詞: who, whom, who

2、se, which, that, as (2) 關(guān)系______詞: where, when, why 3. 關(guān)系詞常有3個(gè)作用：①引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 ②代替先行詞。③在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)________。 4. 關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)（whose），作_______時(shí)可省略；關(guān)系副詞作狀語(yǔ)，一般不省略 二）定語(yǔ)從句的種類(lèi) 定語(yǔ)從句可分為兩類(lèi)：________定語(yǔ)從句和__________定語(yǔ)從句 限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句之間不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，修飾主句中的某一個(gè)名詞或名詞詞組或代詞；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句常用逗號(hào)和主句隔開(kāi)，可以修飾主句中的某一個(gè)詞，也可修飾整個(gè)句子。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能用

3、______引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞不能省略。 把下列句子翻譯成中文： His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. _____________________________ China is a country which has a long history. ________________________________________ 三）定語(yǔ)從句的熱門(mén)考點(diǎn) 1. 定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞的選用（詳見(jiàn)表格）；2. 只能that或which的情況； 3. which和as的區(qū)

4、別； 4. whose 用法及轉(zhuǎn)換形式； 5. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞中介詞的選用及位置(介詞短語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ))； 6. 定語(yǔ)從句中的特殊情況。 四）關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的作用 正確選擇關(guān)系詞是掌握定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)鍵。關(guān)系詞的選擇完全取決于關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞?。關(guān)系詞一共有9個(gè), 它們?cè)趶木渲兴洚?dāng)?shù)木渥映煞忠?jiàn)下表。 關(guān)系詞 主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) 說(shuō)明 that 人/物 人/物 √ √ 不能用于非限制性從句 which 物 物 √ √ which作

5、賓語(yǔ)很少見(jiàn) who 人 √ √ who可代替whom作賓語(yǔ) whom 人 whose 人/物 when √ where √ why √ as 主要用于非限制性的定語(yǔ)從句和such…as…, the same...as..., so...as...結(jié)構(gòu)中 考點(diǎn)一：如何判斷用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞 （提示: 引導(dǎo)詞用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞關(guān)鍵要看他們?cè)趶木渲凶魇裁闯煞荻ǎ? 用關(guān)系詞填空 1) Those _______ break the rules should

6、be punished. 2) (1992全國(guó)，27) In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to _______ she could turn for help. 3) Gone are the days _________ we used foreign oil. 4) The reason ________ he was absent was that he was ill. 5) This is the reason _________ he gave for his absence. 6) （03北京春季）W

7、e are living in an age _________ many things are done on computer. 7) (2009安徽) 30. Many children，_________ parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village. 8) Next Sunday, ________ I will spend go fishing, I’m sure, will be another exciting day. 9) （05上海）If a shop

8、has chairs ______ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. 10) （2006福建）22. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house _______roof is under repair. 練習(xí)： 1. Is this the museum ________ we held the exhibition? A. where　 B. that

9、 C. on which D. the one 2. Is this museum _________ you visited a few days ago? A. where B. that　 C. on which D. the one 3.（2010天津）8. —Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? —You should try

10、the barber’s _______ I go. It’s only 15. A. as B. which C. where D. that 4.（2010湖南） 28. Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school ______ I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who

11、 B. where C. when D. which 5.（2006山東）26. We’re just trying to reach a point ______ both sides will sit down together and talk. A. where B. that C. when D. which 6.（2006江西）33. —Do you have anything to say for yourselves? —

12、Yes, theres one point_______ we must insist on. A. why B. where C. how D. / 7. You’ve told me such an attractive place ________ I am more than willing to go. A. as B. where C. that D. in which 8.

13、 (2012重慶卷) 29. Sales director is a position __ communication ability is just as important as sales A. which B. that C. when D. where 考點(diǎn)二: 關(guān)系代詞which 和that的區(qū)別 在定語(yǔ)從句中, 當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí), 下列情況的關(guān)系詞宜用that而不用which: 1) 先行詞被①形容詞最高級(jí)；②序數(shù)詞；③the only, the very, the right 修飾時(shí)。 This is the best

14、 film that I have seen. / This is the very person that I’m waiting for. 2) 先行詞是不定代詞all, little, few, much, something, everything, nothing, anything, none, the one時(shí)，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時(shí) All that glitters is not gold. 中文意思：___________________________________ I’m sur

15、e there’s nothing that a woman can’t do. / All that can be done _______ been done. 3) 先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 4) 當(dāng)先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ)，而關(guān)系代詞也在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，用that China is no longer the country that it used to be. = …the country _____ it used to be. 5) 當(dāng)主句中

16、含有疑問(wèn)詞which或who時(shí), 為避免重復(fù)，常用that 代替who 或which。 Who that has common sense will do such a thing? / Which is the book that you like best? 6) 主句以there be 開(kāi)頭時(shí) There is little that I can do to make up for the lost time. 7)有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系詞已用which, 另一個(gè)宜用that They secretly built up a small factory, which p

17、roduced things that could cause pollution. 在定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，只能用which而不能用that 的情況： 1) 在介詞提前的定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞只能用which。 This is the house in which Lu Xun used to live. 2) which 可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，that則不能。 She failed the exam, which made her parents vary angry. 9. His brother did ______ he could to help him. A

18、. all which B. all what C. all D. which 10. (04北春) Luckily, we’d brought a map without ______ we would have lost our way. A. it B. that C. this D

19、. which 11. Finally the manager adopted the best proposal _______ had been put forward at the meeting. A. which B. that C. what D. as 12. (05’湖北卷) Her sister has become a lawyer, _______ she wanted to be.（表語(yǔ)） A. who

20、 B. that C. what D. which 13.（2009全國(guó)Ⅱ）17. My friend showed me round the town, ______ was very kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it 14.(2013江蘇) 32 The president of th

21、e World Bank says he has a passion for China，____ he remembers started as early as his childhood. A．where B．which C．what D．when 15. (2013上海卷) 38. An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area ____ interact with one another.[ A. that B. where C. who D. what 考點(diǎn)三：as

22、與which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 共同點(diǎn)：二者都可以引導(dǎo)非限制定語(yǔ)從句，指代從句中的一部分或整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容。 在下列情況下一般只能用as： (1) as 放在句首，而which不能。（which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句的后邊；as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可放在主句前，又可在主句之后，有時(shí)還可插入主句中） Taiwan is part of China, as is known to us all. = As we all know, Taiwan is part of China. = Taiwan, as we all know, is part of China. 1

23、6. （2009山東）24. Whenever I met her,_______ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. A. who B. which C. when D. that 17.（1999 上海 ）____ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior schools is increasing. A. Which

24、 B. As C. That D. It 18. (NMET94) The weather turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 19. (2009遼寧) 23. They’ve won thei

25、r last three matches, _______ I find a bit surprising actually. A. that B. when C. what D. which 20. (04北京) _______ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It

26、 B. As C. That D. What (2) as 本身有“正如…；就像…”之意，而which 沒(méi)有； as常用于某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)：as is known to all, as we had expected, as anybody can see, as often happens, as has been said before, as is mentioned above (3) 當(dāng)先行詞被the same, such修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句需用as引導(dǎo)， as還用于so…as結(jié)構(gòu) 區(qū)

27、別：the same …as (指同類(lèi)的東西) the same …that (指同一個(gè)東西) This is the same watch ______ I lost. 這和我丟失的那一只表一樣。（不是同一只） This is the same watch _______ I lost. 這就是我丟失的那一只表。（同一只） Translate the following two sentences. 1) 眾所周知，地球是圓的。（3 種）_______________________________________________ ____________

28、_____________________ __________________________________________ 2) 他戴著與你昨天買(mǎi)的同樣的手表。_______________________________________________ 21.（2008福建卷）27. _____ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. A. It B. What C. As

29、 D. Which 22. Don’t trust such people _____ praise you to your face but speak ill of you behind your back. A. who B. that C. whoever D. as 考點(diǎn)四：whose 用法及轉(zhuǎn)換形式 whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，其后緊跟名詞。其先行詞不僅可指人，還可指物。 whose引導(dǎo)的從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為“ of +關(guān)系代詞”型，

30、如： 即whose+名詞 = the +n + of which/whom =of which/whom + the + n. He lives in the room ________ window faces south. = He lives in the room, the window ______ _______ faces south. = He lives in the room, ________ _______ the window faces south. 23. (2009天津) 5. A person _____ e-mail account is

31、 full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails. A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever 24. (2000上海) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _____ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. i

32、ts price D. the price of whose 25.（2010山東）24. That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What 26.（2005年天津卷）13. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by

33、floods, from ____ effects the people are still suffering. A. that B. whose C. those D. what 考點(diǎn)五：“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 關(guān)系代詞一般只能用which（指物）或whom（指人）即：介詞+which/ whom 1) 當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時(shí)， 關(guān)系代詞只能用which或whom, 關(guān)系代詞不能省略。如： 27. He built a telescope ______ he could study the skies． A. in

34、which B. with that C. through which D. by it 28.（04全國(guó)）The English play ______ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 29. (2005江蘇32) The place _______ the bri

35、dge is supposed to be built should be _______the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which 30. (2008四川卷) 4. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _______ New York is an e

36、xample. A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which 注意：含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開(kāi)，介詞仍放在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的后面，不能提前。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。如：This is the book I’m looking for. 2) 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，要表示先行詞的一部分時(shí)，可用“ 數(shù)詞/代詞 + of which/whom”的結(jié)構(gòu)，如：He has writt

37、en many books, most of which are for children. 31. （2006浙江）13. I was given three books on cooking, the first _______ I really enjoyed. A. of that B. of which C. that D. which 32. (2007四川卷) 7. It is reported that two schools, ________ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. A. t

38、hey both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which 33.（2007安徽卷）14. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _______ wanted to buy it. A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom 考點(diǎn)六：

39、使用定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題 1) 定語(yǔ)從句的主謂一致的問(wèn)題（ 定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)與先行詞保持一致） I, who ______ (be) your teacher, will try my best to help you. Tom is one of the boys who _______ (be) late. Tom is the only one of the boys who _____ (be) late. The Great Wall is one of the wonders that ________ (draw) lots of visitors.

40、The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that ______ (be) seen from the moon. 長(zhǎng)城是地球上唯一一個(gè)從月球上看到的建筑物。 注意：not the only one of…= one of… Tom isn’t the only one of the boys who ______ passed the exam. 2) way 和time 后接定語(yǔ)從句的情況 the way 后的定語(yǔ)從句： ①（1996上海）I don’t like the

41、way _____________ you speak to her. ② This is the way _____________ really works. ③ This is the way _____________ he used to solve the problem. ▲先行詞是time時(shí)，表“次數(shù)”用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 (可省略)；表“一段時(shí)間”用關(guān)系副詞when 或介詞at/ during which 34. It’s the fourth time you ________ late this month. A. had arrived B.

42、 arrived C. have arrived D. arrive 35. There was ________time ________women were looked upon. A. a; that B. a; when C. the; that D. the; when 3) 分隔性定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞被分割開(kāi)來(lái) 定語(yǔ)從句一般緊接被它所修飾的先行詞；但有時(shí)候它和先行詞之間有可能插入其他成分，使它

43、與先行詞分隔開(kāi)來(lái)。 ①先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句被謂語(yǔ)分隔開(kāi)來(lái)。此時(shí)，先行詞通常是句子的主語(yǔ)，因定語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)，主句謂語(yǔ)較短，為使句子平衡，常將定語(yǔ)從句移至謂語(yǔ)之后 All is well that ends well. / The days are gone ______ the Chinese were looked down upon. 36.（2007福建卷）27. The village has developed a lot _______we learned farming two years ago. A. when B. which

44、C. that D. where 37.（2008山東卷）26. Occasions are quite rare ______ I have the time to spend a day with my kids. A. who B. which C. why D. when 38. (2012江蘇卷)After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,____ urgently needed clean water

45、, medicine and shelter to survive. A. which B. who C. where D. what 4) 在定語(yǔ)從句加中插入語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的有：I think, I suppose, I guess, I imagine等。 39. He gave us another piece of advice, ______ of great help to the research work. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. I

46、think which is D. I think it is 5) 定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)含有can, may等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可簡(jiǎn)化為 “介詞+which/ whom +不定式結(jié)構(gòu)” The poor man has no house in which he can live. = The poor man has no house in which _______ ________. The beggar has no money with which he can buy food. = The beggar has no money with which

47、 _______ ________food. 40. The police need solid evidence _______ to base their judgments. A. that B. on which C. by which D. how 6) 在關(guān)系副詞where / when 前有時(shí)可以加介詞 He is standing on the top of the hill, from ______ he can enjoy a wonde

48、rful view. 37. He graduated from Nanjing University in 1990, _____ she has been working in the company as a manager. A. when B. during which C. since then D. since when 7) 與狀語(yǔ)從句的比較 This is such an interesting/ so interesting a film __

49、____ everyone wants to see it. This is such an interesting/ so interesting a film ______ everyone wants to see. The stone was so heavy _____ we can’t lift it. = The stone was so heavy ______ we can’t lift. 41.（2006陜西）9. Hisplanwassuchagoodone _________weallagreedtoacceptit. A. so

50、 B. and C. that D. as 42. The teacher gave us such a difficult problem ______ none of us could solve. A. that B. which C. as D. it 43. The government made such a great

51、 effect _______the whole nation could celebrate the spring festival happily. A. that B. which C. as D. it 定語(yǔ)從句高考鏈接 1. Yesterday she sold her car, ____ she bought a month ago. A.whom B.w

52、here C.that D.which 2.The science Museum, ____we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions. A.which B.what C.that D.where 3.All the neighbors admire this family,_____the parents are treating their ch

53、ild like a friend. A.why B.where C.which D. that 4. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further,____New York is an example. A.for which B.in which C.of which D.from which 5.By nine o’clock, all the Ol

54、ympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, ____appeared a rare rainbow soon. A.of which B.on which C.from which D.above which 6.The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors,____ are beyond our control. A.most of them B.most

55、of which C.most of what D.most of that 7.Occasions are quite rare ____ I have the time to spend a day with my kids . A.who B.which C.why D.when 8.We went through a period ____ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. A.which

56、 B.whose C.in which D.with which 9.Villagers here depend on the fishing industry , ____ there won’t be much work. A.where B.that C.by which D.without which 10.Tom’s restaurant on Baker Street, ____ used to be poorly run , is now a successful business

57、. A.that B.which C.who D.where 11.Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases ____ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. A.which B.as C.why D.where 12.Eric received training in computer for one year , ____ he found a job in a big company. A.after

58、 that B.after which C.after it D.after this 13.Some pre-school children go to a day-care center, ____they learn simple games and songs . A. then B.there C.while D.where 14.After graduation she reached a point in her career ____ she needed to decide what to do.

59、 A.that B.what C.which D.where 15. Last week only two people came to look at the house , ____ wanted to buy it . A.none of them B.both of them C.none of whom D.neither of whom 16.The time I had been looking forward to ____ at last and I saw my favourite star. A.coming

60、 B.having come C.came D.come 17.The weather turned out to be fine , ____ was better than we expected . A.what B.that C.which D.it 18.Mrs Black took the police back to ____ place ____ she witnessed robbery. A.the same ; as B.the same ; where C.the same

61、; that D.the same ; when 19.Ancient Rome was a country ____ culture influenced the western world for centuries. A.who B.which C.whose D.where 20.____ is often the case , he didn’t study hard and failed to pass the test. A.What B.Which C.It D.As 21．[

62、浙江卷]13The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform_____ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built. A. what B. where C. when D. why 22．[重慶卷] 24John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ______ are family members. A．them B．that C．which

63、 D．whom 23．[陜西卷]16 ____ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. A. It B. That C. What D. As 24．[四川卷]9 Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _______ they live. A. what B. which C

64、. when D. where 25．[山東卷]35 Finally he reached a lonely island ___ was completely cut off from the outside world. A. when B. where C. which D. whom 26．[山東卷] 31There is no simple answer, _______ is often the case in science. A. as B. that C. when D. where 27．[遼寧卷] 34 He may wi

65、n the competition, _____ he is likely to get into the national team. A．in which case B．in that case C．in what case D．in whose case 28．[江西卷] 33 He wrote a letter ________ he explained what had happened in the accident. A. what B. which C. where D. how 29．[浙江]5. The children, ______ h

66、ad played the whole day long, were worn out. A. all of what B. all of which C. all of them D. all of whom 30．[湖南卷] Happiness and success often come to those ___ are good at recognizing their own strengths. A. whom B. who C. what D. which 31．[福建卷]The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those __ lives were affected. A. whose B. that C. who