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2019-2020年高三英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí) 時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài) 此句型是由 there + be + 主語(yǔ) + 狀語(yǔ) 構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)某地存在有，它其實(shí)是倒裝的一種情況，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 be 之后，there 僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無(wú)實(shí)際意義。Be 與其后的主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上一致，有時(shí)態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如， 現(xiàn)在有 there is / are … 過(guò)去有 there was / were… 將來(lái)有 there will be…/ there is / are going to be... 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有 there has / have been… 可能有 there might be... 肯定有 there must be …/ there must have been... 過(guò)去一直有 there used to be … 似乎有 there seems / seem / seemed to be … 碰巧有 there happen / happens / happened to be …　 此句型有時(shí)可用 live, stand, e, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive,等詞代替be動(dòng)詞。 Eg. There is going to be a meeting tomorrow. There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain. There came a shout for "help". There must have been a village here. There lies a book on the desk. 翻譯句子 英譯漢1. The light is on. There must be someone ion the office. 2 . There used to be a cinema here before the war. 3. There happened to be nobody in the room. 4 Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 5. There remained just twenty-eight dollars. 6 There should be nothing doubtful. 漢譯英 1、今晚沒(méi)有會(huì)。 2、這個(gè)村子過(guò)去只有一口井。 3、燈亮著，辦公室里肯定有人。 4、恰好那時(shí)房里沒(méi)人。 5、公共汽車(chē)來(lái)了 6、明天似乎有雨。 第二課時(shí) 祈使句和感嘆句 一、簡(jiǎn)單句 只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）的句子叫簡(jiǎn)單句。按照句子的功能，簡(jiǎn)單句可分為4類(lèi)：陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句、感嘆句。其中祈使句、疑問(wèn)句中的反意疑問(wèn)句以及感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)多為考查重點(diǎn)，應(yīng)重點(diǎn)掌握。以下將對(duì)此作重點(diǎn)分析。 【考點(diǎn)詮釋】 考點(diǎn)l 祈使句的判定和特點(diǎn) 祈使句用來(lái)表達(dá)說(shuō)話(huà)人的請(qǐng)求、命令、建議、勸告等。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞原形。其主語(yǔ)是you，往往省略。常見(jiàn)的祈使句句型如下： 1．動(dòng)詞原形…如：①Lay down your arms!放下武器! ②Be sure to get there before eight O’clock．一定要在8點(diǎn)前趕到那兒。 2．Don’t或Never+動(dòng)詞原形．．．。如： Never go out alone at night！不要在夜晚單獨(dú)出去！ 3．Do+動(dòng)詞原形…(此句型表示強(qiáng)調(diào))。如： Do tell her about it．務(wù)必將此事告訴她。 4．主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形…。如： Tom．you go and see what’s happening．湯姆，去看看發(fā)生什么事情了。 You，girls，clean the desk；you，boys，sweep the floor．你們，女生擦桌子。你們，男生，打掃地板。 5．祈使句+and/or+陳述句 (and表示順承關(guān)系，or表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)。如： ①u(mài)se your head，and you’11 find a good way．(=If you use your head，you’11 find a good way．)動(dòng)動(dòng)腦筋，你會(huì)找到一種好辦法的。 ②Hurry up，or we’11 be late．(=If we don’t hurry up，we’11 be late．)快點(diǎn)不然我們就遲到了。 6．Be so kind/good as+不定式…(此句型用來(lái)表達(dá)客氣的請(qǐng)求，so kind/good as相當(dāng)于kind/good enough)。如：Be kind enough to lend me your dictionary．請(qǐng)把你的字典借給我吧。 考點(diǎn)2 反意疑問(wèn)句 1．基本結(jié)構(gòu) 如陳述部分為肯定形式，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句為否定形式；如陳述部分為否定形式，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句為肯定形式。如： ①I(mǎi)t is a fine day，isn’t it?今天是個(gè)好天氣，不是嗎? ②He isn’t a teacher，is he?他不是老師，對(duì)嗎? 特別提示 前半部分為否定形式的反意疑問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)不同。如：一Tom doesn’t know it．does he?湯姆不知道這事，對(duì)吧? 一No．he doesn’t．/Yes，he does．對(duì)，他不知道。/不，他知道。 2．陳述部分如含有”never/hardly/scarcely/seldom/little/few/nobody/nothing…”等否定詞或半否定詞時(shí)，這部分應(yīng)視為否定形式，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句就用肯定形式。如： He was hardly twelve then，was he?他當(dāng)時(shí)幾乎不到十二歲，是嗎? 3. 陳述部分含有帶”否定”前綴的詞，則這部分應(yīng)看做肯定形式，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句就用否定形式如： she dislikes the way you work，doesn’t she?她不喜歡你的工作方式，對(duì)嗎? 4．祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句 肯定的祈使句，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句用will you/won’t you；否定的祈使句，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句用will you。如： Have a little more coffee．will you/won’t you?再來(lái)點(diǎn)咖啡，好嗎? 5．陳述部分含有must表推測(cè)時(shí)的反意疑問(wèn)句 陳述部分中的must表”一定，想必”等推測(cè)意義時(shí)，要根據(jù)陳述句部分的真實(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)，在簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句中采用與其相符合的助動(dòng)詞形式。 (1)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè)：You must be hungry now，aren’t you?你此刻一定很餓，對(duì)吧?=I’m sure you’re hungry now，aren’t you? (2)對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的推測(cè)：He must be watching TV now，isn’t he?他現(xiàn)在一定在看電視，對(duì)嗎?：I’m sure he is watching TV now，isn’t he? (3)對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的推測(cè)：Tom must have lived here for a long time．hasn’t he? Tom一定在這兒生活了很久，對(duì)嗎?=I’m sure Tom has lived here for a long time，hasn’t he? (4)對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)：She must have arrived yesterday，didn’t she?她昨天一定來(lái)了，對(duì)嗎?=I’m sure she arrived yesterday，didn’t she?(陳述部分有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday) 6．陳述部分的主語(yǔ)為this/that/everything等時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用it。如： Everything is all right，isn’t it?一切準(zhǔn)備就緒，是嗎? 7．陳述部分的主語(yǔ)為everyone/everybody/anyone/anybody/nobody/no one/someone等時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用he，口語(yǔ)中也用they。如： Everyone knows the answer，doesn’t he/don’t they?每個(gè)人都知道這個(gè)答案，對(duì)嗎? 9．陳述部分是there be句型時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用there。如： There used to be a village near the mountain，usedn’t there?山的旁邊曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)山村，是嗎? 10．在復(fù)合句的反意疑問(wèn)句中，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句的主謂語(yǔ)須與主句的主謂語(yǔ)保持一致。如： It is the first time that you have e here，isn’t it?你是第一次來(lái)這兒，對(duì)嗎7 特別提示 如果陳述部分是I/We don’t think/believe/suppose/imagine+賓語(yǔ)從句，則簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)要與賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如： I don’t think he is forty，is he?我認(rèn)為他沒(méi)有四十歲，是嗎? 考點(diǎn)3感嘆句 感嘆句常表示說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)的驚訝、喜悅、氣憤等情緒。感嘆句常有以下幾種情形： 1．what式感嘆句 (1)What+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!如： What a wonderful time we had yesterday!昨天我們玩得多開(kāi)心呀! (2)What+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!如： What beautiful flowers they are!多美的花兒啊! (3)What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!如： What fine weather it is!多好的天氣啊! 2．how式感嘆句 (1)How+形容詞/副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!如： How clever she is!她多么聰明呀! (2)How+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!如： How strange a feeling it was!多么奇怪的一種感情啊! 3．省略式感嘆句 (1)how直接修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：How+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!如： How we love our motherland!我們是多么熱愛(ài)自己的祖國(guó)啊! (2)省略主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)。如： What an interesting book!多有趣的一本書(shū)啊! 4．特殊式感嘆句 ①The design and the colours!多美的圖案和色彩! ②To sell such a suit as that to a millionaire!竟然把那樣一套衣服賣(mài)給了一個(gè)百萬(wàn)富翁! 第三課時(shí) 高考鏈接（針對(duì)性練習(xí)） 【高考鏈接】 1、Sallys never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theatre，______？ A．hasnt she B．has she C．isnt she 　 D．is she 2、He must be helping the old man to water the flowers，______？ A．is he B．isnt he C．must he D．mustnt he 3、Please do me a favor—______ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7：30 tonight. A．to invite 　　 B．inviting 　　 C．invite 　　 D．invited 4、 You and I could hardly work together，______？ A．could you 　　 B．couldnt I C．couldnt we 　D．could we 5、______ a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project. A．It has 　　　 B．They have C．It remains 　D．There remains 6、Its the first time that he has been to Australia，______？ A．isnt he B．hasnt he C．isnt it D．hasnt it 7、The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. ______ it was! A. What a dangerous scene B. What dangerous a scene C. How a dangerous scene D. How dangerous the scene 8、He must be helping the old man to water the flowers，______？ A．is he B．isnt he C．must he D．mustnt he 9、When you’ve finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf,__________ ? A. do you B. don’t you C. will you D. won’t you 10. _______ fast the boy ran! A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 11. _______ well you sing but _______ badly he dances! A. How, howB. What, what C. How, whatD. What, how 12. ________ delicious the soup is! I’d like some more. A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 13. _______ fools they were! They believed what the man said. A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 14. _______ foolish they were! They believed what the man said. A. HowB. How an C. WhatD. What an 15. _______ difficult questions they are! I can’t answer them. A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 16. I miss my friend very much. _______ I want to see her! A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 17 _______ lovely weather we are having these days! A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 18. _______ beautiful your new dress is! A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 19. _______ interesting work it is to teach children! A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1. The students are listening to the teacher carefully .　( 改為感嘆句) 2. We had a good time in summer holidays .　　 (改為感嘆句) 3. The river is long .　　 (改為感嘆句，兩種) 4. How nice the food is ! 　　(改為同義句) 5. How well he swims !　　　　 (改為同義句) 6. What strong men they are ！(改為同義句) 第四課時(shí) 簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句(一) （一）句子種類(lèi)兩種分類(lèi)法 1、按句子的用途可分四種： 1）陳述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before. 2）疑問(wèn)句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class 4）感嘆句：How clever the boy is! 2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種： 1）簡(jiǎn)單句：只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2) 并列句：由并列連詞（and, but, or等）或分號(hào)（；）把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成。 e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。 3）復(fù)合句：含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含：名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句）、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等。 e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. （二）簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型 1、主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)：e.g. He is a student. 2、主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞+不接成分或者狀語(yǔ)：e.g. We work. 3、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary. 4、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)）：e.g. My father bought me a car. 5、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh. 注：其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴(kuò)展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。 補(bǔ)充：常見(jiàn)的不及物動(dòng)詞有：:appear, apologize, arrive, e, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen (take place, occur, break out) , rise，remain，last, agree, listen, look等 常見(jiàn)系動(dòng)詞：be; look seem appear; feel sound smell taste look; keep remain stay; go get turn bee grow run fall; prove turn out; lie stand sit 翻譯練習(xí) 1. 會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。 2. 在過(guò)去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化 3. 每天下午有許多學(xué)生到圖書(shū)館來(lái)借書(shū)。 4. 孩子們，請(qǐng)保持安靜。 5. 布朗夫人看起來(lái)很健康 6. 這本書(shū)他讀過(guò)多次了。 7. 他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。 8. 那位先生能流利地說(shuō)三種語(yǔ)言 9. 我開(kāi)窗戶(hù)你在意嗎？ 10. 她再次向我道歉 11. 這個(gè)事實(shí)證明是正確的。 12. 食物已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了。 13. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人 14. 由于大火的結(jié)果，成千上萬(wàn)的人失去了家園。 15. 學(xué)生們一路上不停地說(shuō)笑。 16. 我媽媽叫我做作業(yè)，而不是洗碗。 17. 在公共場(chǎng)合，不允許人們吸煙。 18. 我英語(yǔ)發(fā)音方面有些困難。 19. 每年我花費(fèi)二百元買(mǎi)書(shū)。 20. 我們學(xué)校圖書(shū)館將為學(xué)生們提供各種類(lèi)型的書(shū)。 21. 飛機(jī)比火車(chē)重20倍。 22. 吃新鮮的蔬菜和水果對(duì)你的健康很有益。 23. 由于老師的幫助，他考上了一所名牌學(xué)校。 24. 這份英語(yǔ)報(bào)紙深受英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者的歡迎。 25. 這項(xiàng)決定非常重要。 26. 教室里只有十來(lái)個(gè)學(xué)生。 27. 小偷掙脫了警察逃跑了 28. 人們認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)熱心腸的人 29. 我將讓學(xué)生們制定一份學(xué)外語(yǔ)的計(jì)劃 第五課時(shí) 簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句(二) （三）并列句的分類(lèi) 1、表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等連接。e.g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John. 2、表示選擇，常用的連詞有or, either…or…, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train. 3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4、表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有so, for, therefore等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. （四）復(fù)合句的分類(lèi) 復(fù)合句（plex Sentence）由一個(gè)主句（Principal Clause)和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句(Subordinate Clause)構(gòu)成。 主句是全句的主體，通?？梢元?dú)立存在；從句則是一個(gè)句子成分，不能獨(dú)立存在。 從句不能單獨(dú)成句，但它也有主語(yǔ)部分和謂語(yǔ)部分，就像一個(gè)句子一樣。所不同在于，從句須由一個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)詞（connective）引導(dǎo)。 復(fù)合句可分為： 1).定語(yǔ)從句（The Attributive Clause）；定語(yǔ)從句在句子中作定語(yǔ)，用來(lái)修飾一個(gè)名詞、名詞詞組或者代詞 2).狀語(yǔ)從句（The Adverbial Clause）；在句中作狀語(yǔ)的從句是狀語(yǔ)從句，修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞等。狀語(yǔ)從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)，從屬連詞在句中不充當(dāng)句子成分 3).名詞性從句（The Noun Clause）名詞性從句是由if, whether, that 和各種疑問(wèn)詞充當(dāng)連接詞所引導(dǎo)的從句，其功同名詞一樣。 練習(xí)二、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句 一、判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句： 1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there? 4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and e back home at seven in the evening. 5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it? 9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. 10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. 二、按要求完成下列句子： 1. He dares to tell the truth.（改為否定句） 2. They have lived here for more than ten years.（對(duì)畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)） 3. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, ____________?（完成反意疑問(wèn)） 4. You must be careful with your pronunciation.（改為祈使句） 5. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句) 6. It is an interesting story.（改為感嘆句） 7. This magazine es out（出版）every other week.（對(duì)畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)） 8. They could hardly believe his words, ____________?（完成反意疑問(wèn)） 9. The moon is shining brightly.（改為感嘆句） 10.Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class. （對(duì)畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)） 三：復(fù)合句的翻譯練習(xí) 1．當(dāng)你離開(kāi)教室時(shí)，務(wù)必關(guān)燈。 2．你一旦開(kāi)始，就必須進(jìn)行下去。 3．如果你不快點(diǎn)，你就會(huì)誤了火車(chē)。 4．這個(gè)男孩說(shuō)他曾經(jīng)和一位美國(guó)人講過(guò)英語(yǔ)。 5．老師告訴我們英國(guó)英語(yǔ)與美國(guó)英語(yǔ)拼寫(xiě)方面有些不同。 6．如果今天下午下雨的話(huà)，我就乘出租車(chē)去上學(xué)。 7．為了趕上頭班車(chē)我明天得起得早點(diǎn)。 8．科學(xué)家擔(dān)心有一天一次更大的地震會(huì)襲擊這座城市。 9．建于1960年的那棟房子在這次地震中巍然屹立。 10．研究地震的人們認(rèn)為把房子建在沙地上是不安全的。 11．去年地震時(shí)，失去家園的人數(shù)多達(dá)5千。 12．這就是你昨天買(mǎi)的那本書(shū)嗎？ 13．正站在我們教室前面的那位女士是我們的英語(yǔ)老師。 14．在西方國(guó)家人人都喜歡牛奶作成的奶酪。 15．當(dāng)你說(shuō)英語(yǔ)時(shí)，必須讓別人聽(tīng)懂。 16．你認(rèn)為他來(lái)回答這些問(wèn)題很難嗎？ 17．據(jù)報(bào)道在那個(gè)地區(qū)又建了一所新學(xué)校。 18．她出生的那個(gè)村莊很美。 19．他想要一個(gè)能放書(shū)的箱子。 20．Jack有兩個(gè)姐姐，其中一個(gè)是護(hù)士。 21．借走我自行車(chē)的那個(gè)人叫Paul。 22．你越表?yè)P(yáng)他，他工作越努力。 23．他買(mǎi)了一引起與書(shū)相配的磁帶。 24．他在巴黎時(shí)學(xué)會(huì)了法語(yǔ)。 25．那是一個(gè)女人只能呆在家里的時(shí)代。 26．你最好帶把傘，以防萬(wàn)一下雨。 1. Be sure to turn off the lights when you leave the classroom. 2. Once you begin, you must go on. 3. You’ll miss the train unless you hurry up. 4. The boy said he had ever spoken English to an American. 5. The teacher told us that there were some differences between British English and American English in spelling. 6. If it rains this afternoon, I’ll take a taxi to go to school. 7. I’ve to get up early tomorrow so that I can catch the first bus. 8. The scientists are afraid that one day another big earthquake will hit the city. 9. The house which was built in 1960 still stayed up in the earthquake. 10. People who do research on earthquakes think it not safe to build houses on sand. 11. The number of the people who lost homes reached 5,000 in the earthquake last year. 12. Is this the book you bought yesterday? 13. The woman who is standing in front of our classroom is our English teacher. 14. In western countries everybody likes the cheese which is made from milk. 15 When you speak English, you must make yourself understood. 16 . Do you think it difficult for him to answer these questions? 17 It is reported that another new school has been set up in that area. 18 The village where she was born is very beautiful. 19 He wanted a box in which he could keep books 20 Jack has two sisters, one of whom is a nurse. 21 The man who borrowed my bike is called Paul. 22 The more you praise him, the harder he works. 23 She has bought some tapes which go with the book. 24 He learned French when he lived in Paris. 25 There was a time when women could only stay at home. 26 You’d better take an umbrella in case it rains. 第六課時(shí) 一般現(xiàn)在一般過(guò)去時(shí) 英語(yǔ)中表示不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，需用不同的動(dòng)詞形式表示，這種不同的動(dòng)詞形式稱(chēng)為時(shí)態(tài)（tense）。 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，按動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序，可分為現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、將來(lái)和過(guò)去將來(lái)四個(gè)時(shí)間；按動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式，又可分為一般式、進(jìn)行式、完成式和完成進(jìn)行式四種類(lèi)型。每一種時(shí)態(tài)與每一種類(lèi)型相結(jié)合，組成了英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的整個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)體系 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 1. 構(gòu)成 肯定 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形（如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞上要加（e）S） 主語(yǔ)+am/is/are +表語(yǔ) 把下列句子變?yōu)榉穸ň浜鸵蓡?wèn)句 I usually go to school at 6:00 am He is a teacher. 2、用法 （1）表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的行為或狀態(tài) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的行為或狀態(tài)，常與usually, always, every day, twice a week, seldom, sometimes等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用 He always sleeps with the windows open. I play ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year. （2）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)的性格、特征、能力等。 He works hard .他工作很努力 Does he like sports? 他愛(ài)好運(yùn)動(dòng)嗎？ （3）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理，也用在格言中。 The sun rises in the east.太陽(yáng)從東方升起。Actions speak louder than words.百說(shuō)不如一干。 注意：主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，但賓語(yǔ)從句中如果所說(shuō)的是客觀真理，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 Galileo insisted that the earth goes around the sun.伽利略堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。 （4）在時(shí)間、條件、比較等狀語(yǔ)從句中表將來(lái)的動(dòng)作 從句一般由when, if, after, before, as, as soon as, the minute, the next time, in case, though, till, until, unless, so long as, where, whatever, whenever等引導(dǎo)。 The volleyball match will be put off if it rains. 如果下雨，排球賽將推遲。 The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as he arrives. Ill begin the dictation when you are ready.如果你們準(zhǔn)備好，我就開(kāi)始聽(tīng)寫(xiě)。 When they leave school, they will go to college.中學(xué)畢業(yè)后，他們?nèi)ド洗髮W(xué)。 （5）表示安排或計(jì)劃好的將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，只限少數(shù)幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞：go, e, leave, start等。 The train starts at 10 o clock in the morning. The summer holidays begin next week. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)： 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的構(gòu)成 肯定 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 主語(yǔ)+was/were 把下列句子變?yōu)榉穸ň浜鸵蓡?wèn)句 He usually went to school by bike last year. He was tired after a long walk. 2、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法 （1）表示過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài) 常有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如yesterday，last night, some years ago，in1890等，以及由when等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 Tom didnt e to class yesterday. We went to dance last night. -Hello! I didn’t know you were in London. How long have you been here? 喂!我不知道你在倫敦。你來(lái)多久了？ -Your phone number again? I didn’t quite catch it. 請(qǐng)你再把電話(huà)號(hào)碼說(shuō)一遍好嗎？我剛才沒(méi)聽(tīng)清楚。 -It is 9568442. 9568442。 -Oh, it’s you! I din’t recognize you.哇，是你呀！我沒(méi)認(rèn)出你來(lái)。 -Ive just had my hair cut, and Im wearing new glasses.我剛理了發(fā)，而且我還帶著新眼鏡。 -You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? 布倫達(dá)，你還沒(méi)說(shuō)我的新上衣怎么樣呢，喜歡嗎？ -I’m sorry I didn’t say anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.對(duì)不起，我還沒(méi)顧上。我認(rèn)為穿在你身上當(dāng)然好看。 （2表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常與often，usually，seldom等表示頻度的副詞連用。 When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there. I went to the cinema once a week when I was at school. 注意：表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，還可用used to 或would加動(dòng)詞原形表示。 When I stayed at Aunt Lius ,she would tell me about the great changes which had taken place in the village since liberation.當(dāng)我住在劉大娘家時(shí)她常常告訴我解放以來(lái)農(nóng)村發(fā)生的巨大變化。 She used to go for a walk after supper, but now she prefers to stay at home.她過(guò)去晚飯后總出去散步，但現(xiàn)在她卻喜歡呆在家里。 （3）用來(lái)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) 在條件、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。 They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him. He promised that when he went to the bookstore, he would buy me a book. He said he would not go if it rained.他說(shuō)如果天下雨就不去了。 第七課時(shí) 專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)： 一、 單選 1 We will go shopping if it____ tomorrow. A dont rain B didnt rain C doesnt rain D isnt rain 2 He said the sun ____in the east and ____in the west. A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets 3 Wang Mei ____ music and often ____ to music. A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen 4..—When back?—I came back just now. A. did you e B. have you e C. will you e D. are you going to e 5. .Dont hand in your papers until class . A. is over B. was over C. are over D. will be over 6. Excuse me. I I was blocking your way. A. didn’t realize B. don’t realize C. haven’t realized D. wasn’t realizing 7. Bob would have helped us yesterday ,but he . A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy D. will be busy 8. —Bob has gone to California. —Oh, can you tell me when he ? A. has left B. left C. is leaving D. would leave 9. If you dont like the drink you______ just leave it and try a different one. A. ordered B. are ordering C. will order D. had ordered 10. Edward, you play so well. But I you played the piano. A. didn’t know B. hadn’t known C. don’t know D. haven’t known 11—What do you think of the movie? —It’s fantastic. The only pity is that I the beginning of it. A missed B had missed C miss D would miss 12. Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future ______to the well-educated. A. belongs B. is belonged C. is belonging D. will be belonged 13.— The food here is nice enough. — My friend ______ me a right place. A. introduces B. introduced C. had introduced D. was introducing 14.—Do you want a lift home? —It’s very kind of you, but I have to work late in the office. I overslept this morning because my alarm clock _______. A. doesn’t go off B. won’t go off C. wasn’t going off D. didn’t go off 15. Every few years, the coal workers their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. A. are having B. have C. have had D. had had 二、填空 1、 I can take Li Ming there when he _____ ( e) to visit. 2、 _____your sister_____(know)English? 3、The pot_____(not look) like yours very much. 4、 Where _____you____(have)lunch every day? 5 、Who_____(想要 )to go swimming? 6 、I _________ (have) an exciting party last weekend. 7、 _________ she _________(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _________. 8、She _________(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She ________ (stay) at home and _________(do) some cleaning. 9. When _______ you _________(write) this song? I __________(write) it last year. 10. ________ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she __________. 第八課時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 一 構(gòu)成 一般將來(lái)時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。will用于第二、三人稱(chēng)，shall第一人稱(chēng)。在口語(yǔ)中，will在名詞或代詞后?？s寫(xiě)為ll，will not簡(jiǎn)縮為won’t但在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中，各種人稱(chēng)皆可用will。 把下列句子變?yōu)榉穸ê鸵蓡?wèn)句 He will help his sister with her lessons. 二：一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法 （1）表示未來(lái)的動(dòng)作或存在狀態(tài)，常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如tomorrow, next Sunday, soon, in a month, in the future等。 We shall leave for London next Monday.我們將在下周一去倫敦。 （2）表示將來(lái)反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作 The students will have five English