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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)典型試題精粹 專(zhuān)題五 介詞及介詞短語(yǔ) 　　高考精萃 1．(xx北京卷)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves ________ half an hour. 2．(xx天津卷)________ to the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support. 3．(xx重慶卷)She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went ________ the road. 4．(xx福建卷)Our club is open to everyone regardless ________ age, sex or educational background. 5．(xx浙江卷)While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything ________ . 6．(xx浙江卷)Facing up to your problems ________ running away from them is the best approach to working things out. 7．(xx陜西卷)The Scottish girl ________ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest. 8．(xx江西卷)It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life ________ his great wealth. 9．(xx新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)It was a real race ________ time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it. 10．(xx新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)A serious study of physics is impossible ________ some knowledge of mathematics. 11．(xx北京卷)I have an appointment ________ Dr. Smith, but I need to change it. 12．(xx山東卷)The Smiths are praised ________ the way they bring up their children. 13．(xx浙江卷)It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner. __________the meanwhile, Ill set the table. 14．(xx福建卷)Mrs. Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always ________the way whenever she tries to. 15．(xx遼寧卷)________behalf of everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country. 16．(xx江蘇卷)I am always delighted when I receive an email from you. ________regard to the party on July 1st I shall be pleased to attend. 17．(xx湖北卷)An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered ________chance a long lost antique Greek vase. 18．(xx陜西卷)The manager wants to see changes in the pany, and I am sure he will ________time. 19．(xx安徽卷)Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library ________ a book about it. 20．(xx安徽卷)You can change your job, you can move house, but friendship is meant to be ________life. 21．(xx福建卷)China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ________the benefit of all its citizens. 22．(xx浙江卷)________all the animals Ive ever had，these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word. 23．(xx浙江卷)Brown said he was by no means annoyed; ________ the contrary, he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood. 24．(xx陜西卷)An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the mittee members are ________ it. 25．(xx全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)This shop will be closed for repairs ________ further notice. 26．(2011北京卷)With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken ________ color. 27．(2011上海卷)Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ________ the tough years. 28．(2011天津卷)He was a good student and scored ________ average in most subjects. 29．(2011重慶卷)Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read ________ the library. 30．(2011安徽卷)Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek ________ food safety problems. 31．(2011江蘇卷)Wed better discuss everything________detail before we work out the plan. 32．(2011浙江卷)I always wanted to do the job ________ which Id been trained. 33．(2011湖北卷)When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside in favor ________ younger men. 34．(xx江西卷)We give dogs time, space and love we can spare, and ________ return, dogs give us their all. 35．(xx福建卷)More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities ________ lack of space. 答案與解析 1．in　句意：簡(jiǎn)很著急，因?yàn)槿ワw機(jī)場(chǎng)的火車(chē)半小時(shí)后就發(fā)車(chē)了?！癷n＋一段時(shí)間”用于表示將來(lái)的句子中，意為：在……之后。 2．In addition to/Besides　句意：除了學(xué)校以外，這個(gè)村莊還有一個(gè)診所，它也是在政府的支持下建造的。 3．off　句意：她在轉(zhuǎn)彎處開(kāi)得如此快，以至于車(chē)差點(diǎn)偏離公路。off 離開(kāi)，偏離。 4．of　句意：我們的俱樂(lè)部對(duì)所有人開(kāi)放，不分年齡、性別和教育背景。regardless of 不管，不顧。 5．in　句意：在村莊停留期間，James 無(wú)私地和村民分享他所擁有的一切，不要求任何回報(bào)。in return 作為回報(bào)。 6．rather than/instead of　句意：面對(duì)你的問(wèn)題而不是逃避它們才是解決問(wèn)題的最好辦法。rather than/instead of 而不是。 7．with　句意：在第五屆漢語(yǔ)演講比賽中，那位有著一雙藍(lán)色眼睛的蘇格蘭姑娘獲得了一等獎(jiǎng)。with 表示“具有”。 8．despite/in spite of　句意：令人難以置信的是，盡管很富有，Lucas 先生過(guò)著簡(jiǎn)樸的生活。despite/in spite of 盡管。 9．a(chǎn)gainst　句意：完成這項(xiàng)工程真的是在與時(shí)間賽跑。但幸運(yùn)的是，我們成功了。against 在此處為“與……競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”之意。 10．without　句意：沒(méi)有一定的數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)，進(jìn)行嚴(yán)肅的物理學(xué)研究是不可能的。without “沒(méi)有”。 11．with　句意：我和Smith 博士有一個(gè)約會(huì)，但是我需要改一下。have an appointment with sb. 與某人有約會(huì)、預(yù)約。 12．for　句意：史密斯夫婦因?yàn)樗麄兣囵B(yǎng)孩子的方式而受到贊揚(yáng)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表達(dá)夫婦二人受贊揚(yáng)的原因，應(yīng)該用介詞for。 13．In　句意：如果你能去商店買(mǎi)來(lái)我們晚餐所需要的東西，這將是一個(gè)巨大的幫助。同時(shí)，我將擺放餐具。in the meanwhile 同時(shí)。 14．in　句意：史密斯太太覺(jué)得很難把雜亂的東西收拾好，因?yàn)闊o(wú)論她什么時(shí)候試圖整理，她的孩子們總是礙手礙腳。in the way/in sb.s way 妨礙。 15．On　句意：我代表這兒的每一個(gè)人，祝你們的回國(guó)旅程愉快。on behalf of 為固定詞組，意為“代表”。 16．With　句意：我總是很高興收到你的郵件。關(guān)于7月1日的聚會(huì)，我將樂(lè)意參加。with regard to 關(guān)于。 17．by　句意：一位最近乘坐渡船到這個(gè)南部島嶼旅行的藝術(shù)家偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)丟失已久的希臘古懂花瓶。by chance 偶然。 18．in　句意：經(jīng)理想看到公司的變化，我確信他遲早會(huì)看到的。in time 遲早。 19．for　句意：在你參觀一個(gè)名勝之前，要在你當(dāng)?shù)氐膱D書(shū)館找一本關(guān)于這個(gè)地方的書(shū)(了解一下)。look for 尋找。in your local library 是狀語(yǔ)。 20．for　句意：你可以找工作，可以搬家，但友誼卻是受用終生的。for life 意為“一生，終生”。 21．for　句意：為了所有公民的利益，中國(guó)一直在推行公立醫(yī)院的改革。for the benefit of 為了……的利益。 22．Of　句意：在所有我養(yǎng)過(guò)的動(dòng)物中，這兩只狗對(duì)語(yǔ)言最敏感。此處of 用來(lái)表示范圍，意為“在……之中”。 23．on　句意：布朗說(shuō)他一點(diǎn)兒都不生氣，正相反(on the contrary)，他很高興能把自己的意思表達(dá)清楚。 24．a(chǎn)gainst　句意：達(dá)成一致意見(jiàn)看來(lái)是不可能了，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)委員會(huì)成員都對(duì)此表示反對(duì)(against)。 25．until　句意：這家商店將停止維修，直到另行通知。until 后接名詞時(shí)為介詞，后接句子時(shí)為連詞。 26．in　句意：由于有了新技術(shù)，水下的山谷也可以被拍出彩色的照片。in color 意為“以彩色的形式呈現(xiàn)”。 27．through　句意：畢業(yè)之際是一個(gè)向那些曾幫助你度過(guò)艱難歲月的人們表示感謝的好時(shí)機(jī)。through 為“度過(guò)”之意。 28．a(chǎn)bove　句意：他是個(gè)好學(xué)生，而且大部分學(xué)科的成績(jī)都高于平均分。above average 高于平均水平。根據(jù)a good student 可知應(yīng)該是高于平均水平。 29．from　句意：雪莉，一個(gè)真正愛(ài)讀書(shū)的人，經(jīng)常從圖書(shū)館帶許多書(shū)回家讀。 30．to　句意：有時(shí)候，解決食品安全問(wèn)題的恰當(dāng)?shù)霓k法并不難找到。answer 與 to 連用，表示“……的答案/解決辦法”。該句子中answers to food safety problems 被are not far to seek 分隔開(kāi)。 31．in　句意：在制訂計(jì)劃之前，我們最好詳細(xì)討論一下所有的事情。in detail 詳細(xì)地。 32．for　句意：我總想做曾為之受過(guò)培訓(xùn)的工作。將先行詞代入定語(yǔ)從句后為：I had been trained (for) the job.“為……目的”需用介詞for。 33．of　句意：在被問(wèn)到他們對(duì)校長(zhǎng)的看法時(shí)，很多老師說(shuō)他們更愿意看到他讓賢于更年輕的人。句中的step aside 表示“讓位，讓開(kāi)”，后面接介詞短語(yǔ)in favor of 表示這些老師更贊成起用更年輕的人。 34．in　句意：我們給予狗我們能勻出來(lái)的時(shí)間、空間和愛(ài)。作為回報(bào)，狗給予我們它們的全部。in return 作為回報(bào)，作為報(bào)答。 35．for　句意：因缺少空間，在大城市里，越來(lái)越多的高樓大廈拔地而起。for lack of 意為“因缺乏”。 　　模擬精選 1．(xx河南開(kāi)封第一次摸底)Three of the towns factories have closed down ________ the space of a year. 2．(xx沈陽(yáng)質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè))We often hear children sing songs happily in the kindergarten ________ the street. 3．(xx河北保定調(diào)研)—How smart you are in that suit! —Cant you see Im thinner? Ive managed to lose my weight ________ 10 pounds. 4．(xx重慶聯(lián)合測(cè)試)Like golf, yoga is a recent arrival ________ China, and could be on its way to being a booming business. 5．(xx北京東城統(tǒng)一檢測(cè))Mr. Carter will be the main speaker ________ the graduation ceremony. 6．(xx河南洛陽(yáng)統(tǒng)考)To our surprise, the price of oil rose ________ a further $2 a barrel. 7．(xx安徽慶安二模)David was always ________ his best in any danger, but at that moment he froze. 8．(xx浙江溫州第一次適應(yīng)性測(cè)試)Every teenager needs to experience a notsofun first job ________ working at a grocery store to a fast food restaurant. 9．(xx陜西寶雞質(zhì)檢二)Tom is one of the top students in our school and the scores hes got in each exam are always far ________ average. 10．(xx鄭州第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè))—What shall we prepare for our picnic this weekend? —Well, lets discuss it ________ lunch. 11．(xx昆明第一次調(diào)研)The dress is very nice, but not ________ the girls taste, for she is somehow particular. 12．(xx太原五中第一學(xué)期測(cè)試)—What do you think of Tom playing football? —I dont think he is much ________ a good footballer. 13．(xx北京東城3月聯(lián)考)Math is ________ me. I can never get high grades. 14．(xx山東青島期中)The equipment for disabled people should be ________ easy reach in public places. 15．(xx山東濰坊期中)Scientists are convinced of the positive effect of laughter ________ physical and mental health. 16．(xx北京朝陽(yáng)一模)In some countries, friends kiss ________ both cheeks when they say goodbye. 17．(xx浙江寧波二模) Jack, whats your main reason for choosing one restaurant ________ another? 18．(xx北京海淀下學(xué)期期中)The purpose of the article is to draw public attention ________ the problem. 19．(xx天津和平二模)The accident was my fault, so I had to pay the damage ________ the other car. 20．(xx福建廈門(mén)3月質(zhì)檢)Our province has recently launched a “Beautiful China, Refreshing Fujian” tourism promotion campaign, ________ its fresh air as the main selling point. 答案與解析 1．within　句意：這個(gè)鎮(zhèn)里的工廠有三家在一年的時(shí)間內(nèi)就倒閉了。within “在(某段時(shí)間)之內(nèi)”，后加一段時(shí)間，符合句意。 2．a(chǎn)cross　句意：我們經(jīng)?？梢月?tīng)到街道另一邊幼兒園的小朋友在快樂(lè)地唱歌。across 表示從某物的表面“橫過(guò)”。 3．by　由句中的“Cant you see Im thinner？”可知，答話(huà)人和以前相比瘦了，因此填by。by＋數(shù)量詞表示升降、增減的程度。 4．to　句意：和高爾夫一樣，瑜伽也是近年才出現(xiàn)在中國(guó)，它可能會(huì)成為一個(gè)蓬勃發(fā)展的行業(yè)。這里用介詞to表示“對(duì)……來(lái)說(shuō)”。 5．a(chǎn)t　句意：Carter 先生將作為畢業(yè)典禮上主要的發(fā)言人。at the graduation ceremony 意思是“在畢業(yè)典禮上”，為固定短語(yǔ)。 6．by　句意：讓我們驚訝的是，石油每桶又漲了兩美元。表示上升或下降的幅度用介詞by。 7．a(chǎn)t　句意：遇到任何危險(xiǎn)大衛(wèi)都會(huì)保持自己的最佳狀態(tài)，但在那一刻他卻愣住了。這里用介詞短語(yǔ)at ones best 表示“(健康、情緒、才能、競(jìng)技等)處于最佳狀態(tài)，處于全盛時(shí)期”。 8．from　句意：每個(gè)青少年都需要經(jīng)歷第一份不太有趣的工作——從在雜貨店工作到在快餐店工作。此處是from...to...“從……到……”結(jié)構(gòu)。 9．a(chǎn)bove　根據(jù)“Tom is one of the top students in our school”可知，湯姆在歷次考試中的得分總是高于平均水平。above average “高于平均水平”。 10．over　句意：——本周末的野餐我們準(zhǔn)備些什么呢？——哦，我們吃午飯的時(shí)候商量一下吧。這里用介詞over 表示“在……期間”。 11．to　句意：這件裙子很漂亮，但是不符合這個(gè)女孩的口味，因?yàn)樗行┨籼?。to ones taste “符合某人的口味”，為固定短語(yǔ)。 12．of　此處表示“我認(rèn)為他不是一個(gè)很好的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員”，not be much of a(n)＋n.表示“算不上是……”，為固定搭配，符合語(yǔ)境，該句使用了否定轉(zhuǎn)移。 13．beyond　句意：數(shù)學(xué)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)很難。我從來(lái)都得不了高分。beyond “在……的那邊；超過(guò)”。 14．within　句意：在公共場(chǎng)所為殘疾人提供的設(shè)備應(yīng)便于觸及。within reach “在夠得著的范圍”。 15．on　句意：科學(xué)家們確信笑對(duì)人的身心健康有積極的影響。effect 后接on，意為“對(duì)……的影響”為固定搭配。 16．on　句意：在一些國(guó)家，朋友告別的時(shí)候，在兩邊臉頰上親吻。on 表示“在……表面”。 17．over　句意：杰克，你選擇一家飯店而不選擇另一家的主要原因是什么？ 18．to　句意：這篇文章的目的是引起公眾對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的關(guān)注。draw attention to “引起注意”。 19．to　句意：這次事故是我的錯(cuò)，所以我不得不賠償另一輛車(chē)的損失。the damage to “對(duì)……的損失”，用介詞to。 20．with　with its fresh air as the main selling point 是with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：我們省近來(lái)推出“美麗中國(guó)，清新福建”旅游推廣活動(dòng)，把清新的空氣作為主要賣(mài)點(diǎn)。 　　創(chuàng)新預(yù)測(cè) 1．—What about the milk of this brand? —It is at least as good as, if not superior ________， that of other brands. 2．The book is intended ________ foreigners who want to learn about the Chinese culture and history. 3．—Im too busy to go to the bank to check whether she has put the money in my bank account. —Its easy to check your bank account ________ the Internet. 4．—His painting won a big prize and was purchased by a museum last week. —Yes. You know, he has a talent ________ painting. 5．Facing an aging population, Finland hopes to maintain economic growth by making people work ________ their retirement age. 6．Specific plans for emergencies, such as flooded underground projects, are still not ________ place although some cities have put forward plans to deal with swollen rivers. 7．A statue of Mr. Mandela was open to the public at the Union Buildings on December 16 ________ honour of him. 8．Our government has been claiming that people should be hired regardless ________ race, color, religion or sex. 9．The G20 was created in December xx ________ response to the financial crisis to promote open and constructive discussions between rich and developing countries. 10．Tom will deliver a speech at the graduation ceremony ______ behalf of our class. 11．He is ________ charge of the project which is beneficial ________ us. 12．To be free ________ the noise pollution, he moved to a quiet place in the countryside. 13．Im short ________ money, so Im afraid to be out ________ work. 14．The house ________ repair dates ________ 1950. 15．Mr Green went to work ________ usual ________ spite of the heavy rain. 16．Im curious ________ the little cottage and went inside. 17．The man told us the accident ________ detail. 18．The boat was ________ the mercy of the storm but was spotted by a passing ship ________ accident. 19．He felt ________ ease ________ the sight of his sons safe return. 20．Much ________ my relief, my son got rid ________ his bad habits. 答案與解析 1．to　be superior to 為固定詞組，意為“比……好，優(yōu)于……”。 2．for　be intended for 意為“為……打算(設(shè)計(jì))”，為固定搭配。 3．via　via the Internet 通過(guò)(經(jīng)由)因特網(wǎng)。 4．for　have a talent for 意為“對(duì)……有天賦”，為固定搭配。 5．beyond　beyond their retirement age 超過(guò)他們的退休年齡。此句意為：芬蘭面臨人口老齡化問(wèn)題，希望通過(guò)讓人們達(dá)到退休年齡之后繼續(xù)工作來(lái)保持經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。 6．in　句意：盡管一些城市已經(jīng)提出了處理高漲河水的計(jì)劃，但是諸如受淹的地下工程之類(lèi)的應(yīng)急具體計(jì)劃還沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備就緒。in place 在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?，適當(dāng)?shù)模‘?dāng)?shù)?，?zhǔn)備就緒。 7．in　句意：為了紀(jì)念曼德拉先生，在12月16日聯(lián)合大廈前他的雕像被揭幕了。in honour of 為了紀(jì)念。 8．of　regardless of 意為“不管，不顧”。此處指政府要求在雇用人員時(shí)應(yīng)該忽略他們的種族、膚色、宗教或性別。 9．in　in response to 作為對(duì)……的回應(yīng)。此處指“G20在xx年12月成立是為了應(yīng)對(duì)金融危機(jī)”。 10．on　on behalf of 代表。句意：湯姆將代表我們班在畢業(yè)典禮上作演講。 11．in; to　in charge of 負(fù)責(zé)；be beneficial to 對(duì)……有益。 12．from/of　be free from/of 擺脫。 13．of; of　be short of 缺少； out of work 失業(yè)。 14．under; from　under repair 正在修理；date from 起始于。 15．a(chǎn)s; in　as usual 照常；in spite of 不管。 16．a(chǎn)bout　be curious about 對(duì)……好奇。 17．in　in detail 詳細(xì)地。 18．a(chǎn)t; by　at the mercy of 任由……擺布；by accident 偶然。 19．a(chǎn)t; at　feel at ease 感到輕松；at the sight of 看見(jiàn)。 20．to; of　to ones relief 令某人欣慰的是；get rid of 除掉。