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1、 2021高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)之高考真題閱讀詞塊精析（三十五） 2020江蘇卷（C篇） For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity. Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. Howev

2、er, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health. To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of

3、us. They tested the mens fitness and resting metabolic (新陳代謝的) rates and took samples (樣品) of their blood and fat tissue. Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel.

4、 Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking. Just before and an hour after each workout, the scie

5、ntists took additional samples of the mens blood and fat tissue. Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they

6、 burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories (卡路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting. But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant,

7、 the researchers found, Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes produce proteins (蛋白質(zhì)) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰島素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic heal

8、th. These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted. The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first. 詞塊梳理 1：stomach 英[?st?m?k] 美[?st?m?k] n. 腹部；胃 v. 欣賞；吃得下

9、 變形 現(xiàn)在分詞：stomaching 過去式：stomached 復(fù)數(shù)：stomachs 第三人稱單數(shù)：stomachs 雙語(yǔ)例句 1.At the sight of blood her stomach turned. 她看到血就感到惡心. 2.My gorge [ stomach ] rises at it. 我一看見這東西就 惡心. 3.I wouldnt say your stomach was big — its just slightly convex. 我不會(huì)說(shuō)你的肚子大——它只是有點(diǎn)凸出. 2：beneficial 英[?ben??f??l] 美[?

10、ben??f??l] adj. 有益的，有幫助的 雙語(yǔ)例句 1.However, is the relationship stability always beneficial to channel members? 然而, 關(guān)系穩(wěn)定性對(duì)渠道成員來(lái)說(shuō)一定是有利的 嗎 ? 2.Passive FTP is beneficial to the client, but detrimental to FTP server admin. 被動(dòng)FTP對(duì) FTP客戶端的管理有利, 但對(duì)服務(wù)器端的管理不利. 3.Beneficial Right: Personal Right ? Real Ri

11、ght? Or New Right? 信托受益權(quán): 物權(quán)? 債權(quán)? 抑或新權(quán)利? 3：affect 英[??fekt] 美[??fekt] v. 影響；使感動(dòng)；（疾?。└腥?；假裝 變形 過去分詞：affected 現(xiàn)在分詞：affecting 過去式：affected 第三人稱單數(shù)：affects: 雙語(yǔ)例句 1.But sooner rather than later, this aerial vehicle technology will affect all of our lives. 但是不久以后, 這種空中運(yùn)載器技術(shù)就將影響到我們生活的方方面面. 2.Ano

12、rexia nervosa, a form of starvation, may affect adolescent girls. 神經(jīng)性厭食癥是饑餓的一種形式, 它對(duì)少女有影響. 3.How could blood flow affect brain activity? 血流怎樣能影響腦的活性呢 ? 4：otherwise 英[???wa?z] 美[???rwa?z] adv. 否則；除此以外；與之不同地；以其他方式: 雙語(yǔ)例句 1.I suspect ( that ) you once thought otherwise. 我覺得你一度有過不同的想法. 2.If he

13、had done otherwise, I should have thought him a rascal. 如果他不這樣做, 我就認(rèn)為他是個(gè)惡棍. 3.Dont move, otherwise Ill kill you [ youll be shot dead ] . 不許動(dòng), 要不我就 崩 了你. 5：sample 英[?sɑ?mpl] 美[?smpl] n. 樣品；樣本；（化驗(yàn)的）取樣；（用于新樂曲中的）節(jié)錄樂曲；確定（模擬信號(hào)）瞬時(shí)值 vt. 品嘗；體驗(yàn)；抽樣調(diào)查；取樣；品嘗，體驗(yàn)；抽樣檢驗(yàn)；節(jié)錄（某一曲子，用于新樂曲中） adj. 樣品的，作為例子的 n. （Sa

14、mple） （美、英、愛爾蘭）桑普爾（人名） 變形 過去分詞：sampled 現(xiàn)在分詞：sampling 過去式：sampled 復(fù)數(shù)：samples 第三人稱單數(shù)：samples 雙語(yǔ)例句 1.Show me the original sample, please. 請(qǐng)把原樣給我看看. 2.It would be easy to misinterpret results from such a small sample. 從這樣小的一份抽樣出發(fā)容易得出曲解的結(jié)論. 3.We have a representative sample. 我們有一個(gè)代表性的樣品. 6：

15、separate 英[?sep?re?t] 美[?sep?re?t] v. （使）分開，分離；分割，劃分；相隔，隔開；分居；區(qū)分，分別 adj. 獨(dú)立的，分開的；不同的，不相關(guān)的 變形 過去分詞：separated 現(xiàn)在分詞：separating 名詞：separateness 過去式：separated 第三人稱單數(shù)：separates: 雙語(yǔ)例句 1.Can you separate butterflies from moths? 你能區(qū)別蝴蝶和飛蛾 嗎 ? 2.The two questions are quite separate. 這兩個(gè)問題是完全不相關(guān)的

16、. 3.These instruments form a complete set. Dont separate them. 這些儀器是成套的, 不要拆散. 7：average 英[?v?r?d?] 美[?v?r?d?] adj. 平均的；正常的，一般的 n. 平均數(shù)；平均水平 v. 平均為；算出…的平均數(shù) 變形 副詞：averagely 過去分詞：averaged 現(xiàn)在分詞：averaging 過去式：averaged 復(fù)數(shù)：averages 第三人稱單數(shù)：averages: 雙語(yǔ)例句 1.To put Itsimply, the new proposals

17、mean that the average worker will be about 10 % better paid. 簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō), 新建議意味著一個(gè)普通工人的工資將增加10%. 2.There was nothing special about the meal ; it was average. 飯菜沒什么特別, 挺平常的. 3.We average eight hourswork a day. 我們每天平均工作八小時(shí). 8：theory 英[?θ??ri] 美[?θi??ri] n. 學(xué)說(shuō)；理論；觀點(diǎn)；猜想 變形 復(fù)數(shù)：theories 雙語(yǔ)例句 1.His ex

18、periment negatived the theory. 他的實(shí)驗(yàn)駁斥了這個(gè)理論. 2.Einsteins theory of relativity won for him universal esteem. 愛因斯坦的相對(duì)論贏得了全世界對(duì)他的崇敬. 3.Copernicus was terribly persecuted for his scientific theory. 哥白尼由于其科學(xué)理論而遭到嚴(yán)重的迫害. 9：empty 英[?empti] 美[?empti] adj. 空的；無(wú)意義的；空虛的；無(wú)力的 v. 清空；流入 變形 副詞：emptily 過去分詞

19、：emptied 比較級(jí)：emptier 最高級(jí)：emptiest 現(xiàn)在分詞：emptying 過去式：emptied 第三人稱單數(shù)：empties 雙語(yǔ)例句 1.His wordy and empty speech was a frost. 他的冗長(zhǎng)空洞的講話使人厭煩. 2.Empty talk is no good. 空談沒有好處. 3.He threw the empty bottles in the bin. 他把空瓶子扔進(jìn)垃圾箱. 10：additional 英[??d???nl] 美[??d???nl] adj. 附加的，添加的 變形 副詞：add

20、itionally: 雙語(yǔ)例句 1.It is necessary to set down these additional rules. 有必要制定這些補(bǔ)充規(guī)則. 2.Additional powers will devolve to the regional governments. 將向地方政府下放更多的權(quán)力. 3.I think we can fit in an additional room. 我想我們可以再加建一間房子. 11：compared 英[k?m?pe?d] 美[k?m?p?rd] adj. 比較的，對(duì)照的: 雙語(yǔ)例句 1.His legs wer

21、e pitifully thin compared to the rest of his bulk. 他的雙腿和他龐大身軀的其他部分相比瘦得可憐。 2.This is fearfully expensive compared with the last one I bought. 這和我上次買的相比貴得嚇人。 3.Ferries are very powerful and manoeuvrable compared to cargo ships. 與貨船相比，渡船馬力大而且易操縱。 12：considerable 英[k?n?s?d?r?bl] 美[k?n?s?d?r?bl]

22、adj. 相當(dāng)大/多的 變形 比較級(jí)：more considerable 最高級(jí)：most considerable: 雙語(yǔ)例句 1.Clives father gave her a considerable leg up when he appointed her director of the family firm. 克萊夫的父親任命她家族企業(yè)的一名董事,大大地幫了她一把. 2.The repairs needed before we can occupy the house will be considerable. 那幢房子在我們搬進(jìn)之前需要大大修整一番. 3.Th

23、e motion was carried by a considerable majority. 該項(xiàng)議案以多數(shù)贊同而獲得通過. 13：slightly 英[?sla?tli] 美[?sla?tli] adv. 稍微；身材瘦小: 雙語(yǔ)例句 1.Her ideas are slightly muddled. 她的觀點(diǎn)略有些混亂. 2.The shell has to be slightly porous to enable oxygen to pass in. 外殼不得不有些細(xì)小的孔以便能使氧氣通過. 3.I wouldnt say your stomach was big — its just slightly convex. 我不會(huì)說(shuō)你的肚子大——它只是有點(diǎn)凸出.