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2019年高考英語 同步精練 訓(xùn)練2 Ⅰ.短語填空 adapt to,set foot on,in case of,on average,in the form of,be trapped in,stand out,in particular,e into sight,e up with 1．You must________the norms of the society you live in. 2．The overseas are very glad to________their homeland. 3．We received 20 calls a day________. 4．The scientists are beating their brains trying to________a solution to the problem. 5．Help________money is wele. 6．________fire，open this safety door. 7．Some low houses covered with white snow________. 8．Our daughter is a great dancer，she________above the rest. 9．President Hu stressed that point________during his lecture. 10．He________the crashed car and couldnt move his legs. 答案　1.adapt to　2.set foot on　3.on average　4e up with　5.in the form of　6.In case of　7.came into sight 8．stands out　9.in particular　10.was trapped in Ⅱ.完成句子 1．南極洲是最后一個被發(fā)現(xiàn)的洲。(不定式作定語) Antarctica is the last continent________. 2．我們勸說他不要放棄工作。(discourage) We________him________giving up the job. 3．不幸的是，我們被困在了大雨中。(be trapped in) Unfortunately，we________the heavy rain. 4．他們沒有提出任何切合實際的解決方法。(fail to do) They have________any practical solutions. 5．1969年7月20號，尼爾阿姆斯特朗成為第一個登上月球的人。 On July 20,1969，Neil Armstrong became the first man________the moon. 答案　1.to be discovered　2.discouraged; from　3.were trapped in　4.failed to e up with　5.to set foot on Ⅲ.單項填空 1．The workers wouldnt run the________of letting an unreliable person take charge of the factory. A．risk B．danger C．chance D．trouble 解析　run/take the risk of (doing) sth冒險(做)……。 答案　A 2．If you quarrel with the employer again，you will risk________dismissed from the pany. A．getting B．to get C．having got D．to have got 解析　由risk doing sth排除C、D。get dismissed被解雇。 答案　A 3．—I m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have______. —So am I．They seemed very happy together when I last saw them. A．broken up B．finished up C．divided up D．closed up 解析　考查動詞短語辨析。break up 斷絕關(guān)系；finish up 結(jié)果成為；最終到來；divide up 分擔(dān)，分配，分享；close up(傷口)愈合。 答案　A 4．—Have you________some new ideas? —Yeah.Ill tell you later. A．e about B．e into C．e up with D．e out with 解析　e up with想出，想起；e about產(chǎn)生，發(fā)生(不及物動詞短語)；e into進(jìn)入；e out with說出，出版。 答案　C 5．It is because of a long________from school that I am a bit behind the other classmates. A．lack B．loss C．a(chǎn)bsence D．failure 解析　句意：是因為我長期缺席才導(dǎo)致我落在其他同學(xué)后面。lack缺乏，不足；loss損失；absence缺席；failure失敗。 答案　C 6．They were walking along the path when a blue flower______. A．came into sight B．be in sight C．lose sight of D．was out of sight 解析　句意：他們沿河走的時候突然看到一朵花。e into sight “進(jìn)入視線；映入眼簾”，符合題意。lose sight of“看不見，忽略”；out of sight “看不見”；in sight “看得見”，均不符合題意。 答案　A 7．As we know，contacts between cultures________understanding among people of the world. A．raise B．promote C．heighten D．enlarge 解析　raise意為“升起”；promote意為“促進(jìn)”；heighten意為“升高”；enlarge意為“擴(kuò)大”。promote understanding “增進(jìn)理解”。句意：眾所周知，文化的接觸促進(jìn)了世界人民之間的理解。 答案　B 8．—Did your father e back early yesterday? —No.Not until eleven oclock________home. A．he arrived B．did he arrive C．he did arrive D．a(chǎn)rrived he 解析　本題考查倒裝句型。not until 置于句首時，謂語動詞常用部分倒裝形式，故選B項。 答案　B 9．It would be________a risk to let the child go to school himself，which no one shows any doubt about. A．following B．passing C．running D．carrying 解析　考查固定詞組的用法，run/take a risk 冒風(fēng)險。 答案　C 10．________on the portrait，mother was deep in thought. A．Fixed her eyes B．Her eyes are fixed C．Her eyes fixing D．With her eyes fixed 解析　復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。with ＋ 名詞 ＋ 過去分詞短語，表示伴隨。 答案　D 11．So badly________in the accident that he was sent to a hospital. A．did he hurt B．he was hurt C．was he hurt D．he did hurt 解析　so...that...結(jié)構(gòu)在句首，主句要部分倒裝。so連同它所修飾的部分一起倒裝。 答案　C 12．In the________of proof，the police could not take action against the man. A．lack B．shortage C．a(chǎn)bsence D．failure 解析　in the absence of 缺少；shortage 缺乏，無此搭配。 答案　C 13．The final________of the play will take place on Monday. A．a(chǎn)ction B．performance C．view D．sight 解析　考查名詞詞義辨析。 performance (話劇的) 一場演出。action行為；view觀點(diǎn)，視點(diǎn)；sight視力，視線 。 答案　B 14．All the girls swam in the lake except two，who________halfway. A．gave off B．gave up C．gave away D．gave out 解析　give up 意為“放棄”；give out 意為“分發(fā)，發(fā)出(氣味、熱等)；發(fā)表；用盡，精疲力竭”；give away意為“送掉，分發(fā)；放棄；泄露，出賣”；give off 意為“發(fā)出(蒸汽、光等)，長出(枝、杈等)”。 答案　B 15．The experiment turned out to be________，which wasnt________they wanted. A．a(chǎn) pletely failing；as B．a(chǎn) plete failure；what C．pletely failure；that D．failed；/ 解析　某些抽象名詞具體化后變成可數(shù)名詞，前可加冠詞。failure在此意為“一次挫敗的事”；第二空的what引導(dǎo)一個表語從句，what充當(dāng)wanted 的賓語。 答案　B Ⅳ.閱讀理解 A Scientists are working to develop crop plants that can reduce the amount of water used for agriculture.Almost sixty percent of the worlds freshwater withdrawals from rivers，lakes and other water resources go toward irrigating fields.Scientists are using biotechnology as well as traditional breeding methods to develop watersaving crops to feed a growing world. Tommy Carter is a plant scientist in North Carolina working for the Agricultural Research Service in the United States Department of Agriculture.He leads Team Drought，a group of researchers at five universities.They have been using conventional breeding methods to develop soybeans that can grow well under dry conditions.Tommy started working on droughtresistant soybeans in 1981.His research has taken him as far as China，where soybeans have been grown for thousands of years. Farmers in the United States，however，have grown soybeans for only about a century.Tommy Carter says the soybeans they grow are for the most part genetically similar.More differences could better protect crops against climate changes that can reduce production.Those changes include water shortages which could increase from global warming.The Agriculture Department has a soybean germplasm collection (種質(zhì)收集)，a collection of genetic material passed from one generation to the next.Members of Team Drought studied more than 2,500 examples from the collection.They looked at those from Asia and searched for germplasms that could keep plants from weakening and wilting (枯萎) during hot，dry summers in the United States. Tommy says they found only five，but these slowwilting lines can produce more than normal soybeans under drought conditions.The team is now doing field tests.The first breeding line is expected to be released next year for use by private seed panies and public soybean breeders. Scientists are also working on other crop plants that either use less water or use it better，or both. 1．The scientists are developing the crop plants because______. A．traditional crop plants cant grow under dry conditions B．only biotechnology could lead to a success in this area C．irrigating fields has used almost 60% of our freshwater D．we need new crops to save more water than ever before 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段的第一句話可知，科學(xué)家研制新的農(nóng)作物品種是為了節(jié)水。 答案　D 2．From the passage we know that Tommy Carter________. A．is now teaching at five universities B．organized Team Drought in 1981 C．once went to China to study soybeans D．discovered the genetic material of soybeans 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句可知，他曾到中國研究soybeans。 答案　C 3．According to the passage，the five examples from Asia need less water under drought conditions because________. A．soybeans have been grown in Asia for thousands of years B．the germplasms are different from those of American soybeans C．the history of soybeans growing in America is only a century D．the problem of water shortages in Asia is much more serious 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“...germplasms that could keep plants from weakening and wilting (枯萎) during hot，dry summers in the United States.”可知，germplasms是決定農(nóng)作物能否對抗干旱的主要因素。故亞洲的大豆更耐旱是因為它們與美洲大豆的種質(zhì)不同。 答案　B 4．What will the writer most probably write about next? A．Some other research on crops that use less water. B．The conclusion that less water is needed for soybeans. C．More information about Tommy Carters new soybeans. D．The reason why the climate changes have taken place. 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，作者將進(jìn)一步論述其他關(guān)于節(jié)水農(nóng)作物的研究情況。 答案　A 5．The passage is mainly talking about________. A．conventional methods of plants breeding B．efforts to develop crops using less water C．the history of soybeans growing in China D．what some scientists do to change the climate 解析　主旨大意題。對節(jié)水農(nóng)作物的研究是本文的中心。文章沒有涉及傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)作物的培育方式，可排除A項。C項是文章細(xì)節(jié)；D項文中未提及。 答案　B B Science and technology students in China and the US have a long way to go before they can develop a deep understanding of scientific reasoning，researchers have found. As part of a research to pare science education in China and the US，Lei Bao，a professor from the Department of Physics of the Ohio State University，gave 5,760 freshmen in three US and four Chinese universities two tests to evaluate content knowledge and another to assess scientific reasoning. Though Chinese students did better than their US counterparts in the first two tests that emphasized on learning facts，both groups “scored relatively poorly” on the third test，designed to assess their ability to systematically explore a problem，the results showed. Lei Bao said that the finding challenges conventional wisdom，which holds that teaching science facts will improve students reasoning ability.“Our study shows that，contrary to what many people would expect，even when students are thoroughly taught the facts，they dont necessarily develop the reasoning skills they need to succeed，” Bao said “Because students need both knowledge and reasoning，we need to explore teaching methods that target both.” The current education systems and assessment of China and the US do not emphasize on deep understanding of scientific reasoning in the disciplines of science，technology，engineering and mathematics (STEM)，the study concluded. Bao explained that reasoning is a good skill for everyone to possess—not just scientists and engineers.The general public also need good reasoning skills in order to correctly interpret scientific findings and think rationally.STEM students need to excel_at scientific reasoning in order to handle openended realworld tasks in their future careers in science and engineering. How to boost scientific reasoning？The study suggests that educators must go beyond teaching science facts if they hope to boost students reasoning ability.Bao points to inquirybased learning，where students work in groups，question teachers and design their own investigations.This teaching technique is growing in popularity worldwide. 6．According to the research，we know that________. A．Chinese students and their US counterparts did poorly in the first two tests B．Chinese students did better than their US counterparts in all the three tests C．Chinese students did better than their US counterparts in the first two tests D．US students did better than their Chinese counterparts in the third test 解析　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段第一句話可知答案為C項。 答案　C 7．The conventional wisdom holds that________. A．the more facts students are taught，the more reasoning skills they will acquire B．the general public also need reasoning skills to interpret scientific findings C．to boost students reasoning ability，educators must explore teaching methods D．the current education systems are harmful to improve students reasoning ability 解析　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。據(jù)第四段第一句話可知，Lei Bao說這項發(fā)現(xiàn)挑戰(zhàn)了傳統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)。傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為教給科學(xué)事實會提高學(xué)生的推理能力，所以A項是該題的答案。 答案　A 8．Based on the study，what will be done to improve students reasoning ability? A．To improve teaching techniques. B．To better students learning conditions. C．To teach students more science facts. D．To offer students more tests. 解析　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段后半部分可知：研究結(jié)果與人們普遍的看法正好相反，即使孩子們被傳授了知識，他們也不一定能具備成功所需要的推理能力，因為學(xué)生們既需要知識也需要推理能力，因此我們需要探索我們的教學(xué)方法，使學(xué)生們能一舉兩得。 答案　A 9．The underlined phrase “excel at” in Paragraph 6 probably means________. A．be worse at B．be better at C．be enthusiastic about D．be inferior to 解析　考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)文章大意不難推出，學(xué)生們需要更加擅長科學(xué)推理的能力，目的是讓他們?yōu)閷淼拈_放性科學(xué)工程工作做好充分的準(zhǔn)備。 答案　B 10．Which of the following is CORRECT according to the passage? A．Little needs to be done to develop students reasoning ability in the US. B．Only scientists and engineers need reasoning abilities. C．Two tests were carried out to evaluate students scientific reasoning. D．Inquirybased learning is a good way to boost students reasoning ability. 解析　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。由最后一段第二句話可知D項為最佳答案。 答案　D