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2019-2020年九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)Unit1 How do you study for a test教案 I．Teaching Guide Aims 1. Learn to talk about how to study. 2. How to give advice about study for others. Sentence Structure 1. How do you study for tests? Well, I study by working with my classmates. 2. Have you ever studied with a group? Yes, I have. I’ve learned a lot that way. 3. I’m having trouble learning English. I can’t get the pronunciation right. 4. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation? I do that sometimes. I think it helps. Why don’t you join an English language club to practice speaking English? Maybe you should join an English club. 5. The best way to learn new words is by reading English magazines. Studying grammar is a great way to learn a language. Memorizing the words of pop songs helps a little. Vocabulary flashcard, take notes, frustrating, memorize, ma, make mistakes, pronunciation, be afraid to, spoken…… Grammar Verb+by with gerund Tasks Task 1. The ways of learning Task 2. ment on the ways of learning English. Task3: Find some suitable ways of learning English. Task 4. Difficulty and advice Task 5. Exchange ways of learning English Task 6. Learn something new II．Teaching Procedures and Tasks Word Study 1. by (1) “方法或手段”，意為“通過(guò)；用……的方法”。 I study fro a test by working with friends. 我通過(guò)和朋友們一起學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)參加考試。 (2) “以（某種方式）”，“通過(guò)”。 Don’t judge a man by his clothes. 不要以衣著取人。 （3） “通過(guò)……方式，傳遞的方式”等。 We went to Europe by water and returned by air. 我們乘船到歐洲去，坐飛機(jī)回來(lái)。 Shall I tell you the result by letter or by telephone? 我是寫(xiě)信還是打電話把結(jié)果告訴你？ What do you mean by that? 你是什么意思？ （4） “在身邊，在手頭”。 Have you got any money by you? 你身上帶錢(qián)了嗎？ （5） “（時(shí)間）不遲于……， 到……時(shí)為止，在……之前”。 You must hand in your homework by tomorrow afternoon. 你們最遲明天下午要交作業(yè)。 （6） “憑借；靠；用；通過(guò)”。 She made a living by working as a waitress. 她靠當(dāng)侍者謀生。 （7） “由于……的結(jié)果，憑著”。 I’m sorry I took your umbrella by mistake. 對(duì)不起，我錯(cuò)拿了你的雨傘。 （8） “被，由”。 He is reading a novel by Lu Xun. 他在讀魯迅寫(xiě)的一本小說(shuō)。 （9） “握（抓、拿）?。ㄉ眢w等的某部分）”。 The old man took the little girl by the hand. 那位老人牽著那個(gè)小女孩的手。 （10） “在……旁邊，在……附近”。 There is a house by the river. 河附近有一座房子。 2. end up 結(jié)束；結(jié)尾 (1) We get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese. 我們（常常）興奮地開(kāi)始某些話題，但（往往）以講漢語(yǔ)而結(jié)束。 (2) end n. 結(jié)局；末端；死亡 The end of the story is very interesting. 這個(gè)故事的結(jié)局非常有趣。 (3) end v. 終止，完結(jié) He ended his talk with “Thank you!” 他用一句“謝謝你”結(jié)束了他的談話。 (4) 與end搭配的短語(yǔ)： at the end of 在……的結(jié)尾，在……的末端 at the end=in the end=at last 最后，終于 by the end of 在……之前，到……結(jié)束為止 3. afraid (1) be afraid of + 動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)名詞+名詞/代詞，這里動(dòng)名詞常常表示主語(yǔ)擔(dān)心發(fā)生的事情。這些常常是無(wú)意讓發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 She didn’t tell him because she was afraid of upsetting him. 她沒(méi)有告訴他，因?yàn)榕滤话病? (2) be afraid +不定式，表示主語(yǔ)非常害怕，以至不敢采取某一動(dòng)作。這些通常是有意讓發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 He was afraid to jump. 他不敢跳。 （他沒(méi)跳。） (3) be afraid that… I’m afraid that he won’t e this evening. 今天晚上他恐怕不來(lái)了。 4. . Reading English magazines is the best way to learn English. 看英語(yǔ)雜志是最好的學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的方法。 Reading English magazines是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)做句子的主語(yǔ)。 [Homework] (1) Go over the new words and phrases. (2) Finish SB p2 1 Task 1. The ways of learning 1. Warm up Why do people want to study English? It is difficult to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn English at school because it is one of their subjects required for study. Some people learn it because it is useful for their work. Many people learn English for higher studies, because at college or university some of their books are in English. Other people learn English because they want to read newspapers or magazines in English. Why do you want to learn English?…….How do you study English?…… 2. Check the ways and add some others in activity 1a. 3. Listening: 1b, 2a, 2b 4. Look at the pictures and then talk about how they learn English. 5. Think about how you learn English. e.g. by making vocabulary lists, by surfing the Internet, by taking notes…. I study English by asking teachers questions. It can help me solve some difficulties. I like to study by listening to cassettes. I think it improves my listening skills. I study English by….. 6. Interview your friends about their ways of learning English. e.g. How do you study English? I study by listening to cassettes / studying with a group / watching TV / listening to English language music / taking part in English classes after school / getting an English tutor / reading English magazines / surfing the Internet … Do you learn English by …? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. 7. Sum up I study English … by getting an English tutor. by surfing the Internet. by asking the teacher for help. by + doing Task 2. ment on the ways of learning English. 1. What ways do you think are the best ways to study English? I think studying English by working with a group is a good way because you can ask others when you have questions. I think studying English by surfing the Internet is a bad way because you have to use a puter. I think studying English by … is … because … 2. Please ask your friends about the best way to learn English. e.g. - -- Which way do you think is the best to study English? --- I think talking with foreigners is the best way. -- Why? --- Because it can improve our spoken English and listening. How about you? --- I don’t think so. I think …ing is the best one because … 3. Sum up V+ing Memorizing the words of pop songs helped a little. He thinks studying grammar is a great way to learn a language. 1.V-ing （動(dòng)名詞）做主語(yǔ) 2.謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù) e.g. Studying English is very important. Listening more improves listening skills. Eating too much can make us fat. Eating well and sleeping well help us study well. Eating too much can make us fat. Eating well and sleeping well help us study well. Task3: Find some suitable ways of learning English. 1. Game. Review the ways of learning English. Ask the students to plete the sentences. (1) In our school, most students memorize new words by ___________. (2) _________is a good way to practice speaking English. (3) About 60% of the students improve their listening by ___________. (4) Almost all the students think it is necessary to _____________when they learn English because they can help each other. (5) …… 2. Listening (1) Why does the speaker suggest singing English songs? （A） A. It’s one way to learn English words. B. Singing is fun. C. He learned English through songs. (2) What doesn’t he agree with? （C） a) Listening to language programs. b) Using good English words in writing. c) Reciting a lot of English words every day. (3) How many questions did the speaker answer? (B) A. Three B. Four Five. Tapescript: I think you are asking very good questions on how to learn English. I will take each one in turn. Listening to English songs is fine, but I think singing them is even better. As young people, you can even start singing groups and do a few public performances. I’m sure you will learn a lot of useful English words from the songs. Meanwhile, singing makes learning English fun. The next question is about speaking English. I think talking does not just improve your spoken English, but it can help all your language skills. When you speak English, you practice using the words and sentences to express your idea The same thing with listening---just make sure that you listen to is not too difficult. For example, don’t listen to language programs that are made for native speakers. If you are a middle school student, find a program that is made for middle school students. Some students asked if it is a good idea to recite 20 words a day. I don’t think that can help much. If I were you, I would use those words in sentence. By putting the words into two or three sentences and saying and writing the sentences several times, you would make the word part of your own vocabulary. 3. Section A reading 3a. Read the article and plete the chart. 4. Find some suitable ways of learning English. e.g. ?I think I can study English by listening to English songs because I love music too. ?I don’t think I can study English by getting an English tutor because I want to learn by myself. ?I ( don’t ) think I can study English by …, because … Task 4. Difficulty and advice 1. Listen and write down Mary’s advice. Dear Kate, I got your letter today and I’m writing back immediately. I’m sorry to hear that you’re so upset. I don’t think it’s a good idea to have a quarrel with your parents. You must solve your problems. You’re right, mum and dad shouldn’t treat you like a child, but don’t forget ---you’re only fourteen and they worry about you. Why don’t you explain to them how you feel? Tell them you’re growing up and need more freedom. But every time you go out, you should tell them where you’re going and who you are going to be with. Then they won’t worry so much. You should also tell mum that you want to go shopping with her. I’m sure she will understand. If you show her the kind of clothes you like, she’ll buy you what you want. Take my advice and you’ll see that things aren’t as bad as you think. I really hope everything goes well. Write back and tell me. Love Mary Mary’s advice 1. _______________________________________________________. 2. _______________________________________________________. 3. _______________________________________________________. Key: Mary’s advice 1.She should explain to them how she feels and tell them that she’s growing up and needs more freedom.. 2.Every time she goes out, she should tell them where she’s going and who she is going to be with. 3.She should tell her mother that she wants to go shopping with her and show her clothes she likes. 2. What things are difficult for you? Make a list I can’t pronounce some of the words. I can’t… I don’t know how to use mas. I don’t know how to… I make mistakes in grammar. …… 3. Give a hand Please list three difficulties in learning English. Then ask your partner for advice. e.g.--- I can’t pronounce some words. What should I do? --- I think you should listen more. You can / may… Why not…? You’d better… … 4. Give us an oral report about your partner’s difficulties and your suggestions. e.g. I’m sorry to hear that he/she can’t …… I think he/she should listen to English cassettes or radio. It can improve his/her listening. And I think talking more with foreign teachers is also a good way. It can make him/her speak faster and faster. I hope he/she can do better in speaking English soon. Task 5. Exchange ways of learning English 1. Reading 3a. Ask the Ss to read 3a and write “T” or “F”. 2. Exchange ways of learning English. Topic of Class Meeting: Please share your good ways of learning English with others. Ways, Feelings, Results Write a passage about how you learn English. e.g. It is not easy to learn English well. But good ways can always help us. As for me, I think listening more and speaking more are the most important ways. They can improve our listening and spoken English. And I study by asking teachers questions. It can help me solve some difficulties. I hope all of us can learn English well in good ways. 3. Self-check 1, 2. Task 6. Learn something new Ask students to collect information and write an article about how to learn to do something new. e.g. No one knows how man learned to make words. Perhaps he began by making sounds like those make by animals. Perhaps he grunted like a pig when he lifted something heavy. Perhaps he made sounds like those he heard all round him ----water spla-shing, bees humming, a stone falling to the ground. Somehow he learned to make words. As the centuries went by, he made more and more new words. This is what we mean by language. The words you know are called your vocabulary. You should try to make your vocabulary bigger. Read as many books as you can. There are plenty of books written in easy language. Your dictionary is your most useful book. Extensive reading -----How do we deal with our problems? 1. Pre-reading: Ask Ss to discuss these questions before reading: 1) Do you have any problems in your life and study? 2) Are they big or small? 3) What are they? 4) How do you often deal with them? 2. While-reading: Check the ways of dealing with problems that are mentioned. 3. Post-reading: Which way of dealing with problems do you think is the best? Write about a time when you dealt with a problem this way. Think of another way of dealing with problems. Tell a partner about this. Stephen Hawking Stephen Hawkings parents lived in London where his father was undertaking research into medicine. However, London was a dangerous place during World War II and Stephens mother was sent to the safer town of Oxford where Stephen was born. The family were soon back together living in Highgate, north London, where Stephen began his schooling. In March 1959 Hawking took the scholarship examinations with the aim of studying natural sciences at Oxford. He was awarded a scholarship, despite(盡管) feeling that he had performed(完成) badly, and he specialized in physics in his natural sciences degree. He only made a First Class degree in 1962. From Oxford, Hawking moved to Cambridge to take up research in general relativity and cosmology (宇宙論), a difficult area for someone with only a little mathematical background. Hawking had noticed that he was being rather clumsy (笨拙的) during his last year at Oxford and, when he returned home for Christmas in 1962 at the end of his first term at Cambridge, his mother persuaded him to see a doctor. In early 1963 he spent two weeks having tests in hospital and motor neuron(神經(jīng)細(xì)胞) disease was diagnosed(診斷). His condition deteriorated(惡化) quickly and the doctors predicted that he would not live long enough to plete his doctorate. However Hawking made progress with his research. The reason that his research progressed was that he met a girl he wanted to marry and realized he had to plete his doctorate to get a job. Between 1965 and 1970 Hawking worked on singularities(奇特) in the theory of general relativity devising new mathematical techniques to study this area of cosmology. From 1970 Hawking began to apply his previous ideas to the study of black holes. Continuing this work on black holes, Hawking discovered in 1970 a remarkable property. Using quantum theory (量子論) and general relativity he was able to show that black holes can emit radiation(輻射). In 1971 Hawking investigated(調(diào)查) the creation of the Universe and predicted(預(yù)言) that, following the big bang(撞擊), many objects would be created. In 1982 Hawking decided to write a popular book on cosmology. By 1984 he had produced a first draft of A Brief History of Time. However Hawking was to suffer a further illness. Hawking was given a puter system to enable him to have an electronic voice. It was with these difficulties that he revised the draft of A Brief History of Time which was published in 1988. The book broke sales records in a way that it would have been hard to predict. Of course Hawking has received, and continues to receive, a large number of honors. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1974, being one of its youngest fellows. He was awarded the CBE in 1982, and was made a panion of Honor in 1989. Hawking has also received many foreign awards and prizes and was elected a Member of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States. 三、Reading prehension: 英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方法總論 　　方法就是方法,它最終無(wú)法取代刻苦的學(xué)習(xí). 　　第1部分 整體建議 　　1. Wed better develop our interest in English at the beginning of our study. To develop interest in English study is not very hard. We may have the feeling of satisfaction and achievement from our English study when we are able to say something simple in English, talk with others or foreigners in English and act as others interpreters. 　　在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)之初,我們應(yīng)該注重培養(yǎng)對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的興趣.培養(yǎng)對(duì)英語(yǔ)的興趣并不難.當(dāng)我們可以說(shuō)點(diǎn)兒簡(jiǎn)單的英語(yǔ),用英語(yǔ)與別人或與老外交談,或作別人的翻譯時(shí),我們就可以從英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中得到滿(mǎn)足感和成就感,這樣,興趣就培養(yǎng)起來(lái)了.請(qǐng)注意,這種滿(mǎn)足感和成就感很重要! 　　2. Plans are always very essential, so we must make some elaborate and workable plans before study. And we should certainly carry out these plans to the letter. 　　制定英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃太重要了,所以我們必須在學(xué)習(xí)前制定精細(xì)的和可操作的計(jì)劃. 并且我們一定要嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行這些計(jì)劃.請(qǐng)注意:千萬(wàn)不要干沒(méi)有計(jì)劃的傻事,那等于在浪費(fèi)生命. 　　　　3. Notes should be made whenever we study any book. We may follow this advice: Dont read book without making notes. As we know that notes are the summarization, the core content, our understanding and the abbreviations of the books. Our notes are much thinner than the books so that we can learn them by heart easier and can often review and read them. We may also record our notes on tapes so as to often listen to them easier, to deepen our impression and to lighten our burden of memory. Sometimes it is needful to draw some tables and illustrations that are very impressive, visual and concise. 　　無(wú)論學(xué)習(xí)什么,我們都要作筆記.我們可以參照下面的忠告:不作筆記就不要讀書(shū).如您所知,筆記是我們對(duì)所學(xué)課本的總結(jié),中心內(nèi)容,我們的理解和課本的縮略.筆記要比課本薄的多,我們可以較容易的記憶和經(jīng)常復(fù)習(xí)他們.更勝一疇的做法是把筆記錄成音,這樣我們可以經(jīng)常聽(tīng)一聽(tīng)來(lái)加深印象和減輕記憶負(fù)擔(dān). 　　4. Watching English movies, English TV programs, listening to English songs and learn English on some special occasions are also excellent and vivid English learning ways as we may bine English with some certain scenes to deepen our memory. 　　看英文電影,收看英語(yǔ)電視節(jié)目,聽(tīng)英文歌曲和在某些特定場(chǎng)景學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)也是很棒和很生動(dòng)的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方式,因?yàn)檫@樣我們可以把所學(xué)英語(yǔ)與某些特定的場(chǎng)景聯(lián)系起來(lái)以加深記憶. 　　5. Never just memorize single English words. Learn by heart the whole sentences and the phrases that contain the new words so we may know how to use the words. 　　請(qǐng)不要孤立地背英語(yǔ)單詞.請(qǐng)背記包含生詞的句子或詞組,這樣我們才真正能運(yùn)用這些詞匯,而且印象更深. 　　6. If time permits, we may read Mini Chinese-English dictionary carefully from cover to cover, which may help us widen our sight and master knowledge in all aspects. 　　如果時(shí)間允許,通讀小小漢英字典對(duì)于英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)也幫助很大.他能幫助我們擴(kuò)大視野并全方位地掌握所學(xué)知識(shí). 　　7. Excellent personality is one of the decisive factors in English study. Persistence, patience, self-confidence and determination are badly needed. 　　優(yōu)秀的性格也是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)鍵因素之一,堅(jiān)持,忍耐,自信和堅(jiān)定都是很重要的.當(dāng)然如果興趣培養(yǎng)得好, 可適當(dāng)削弱這方面的要求. 　 　　Part 2 Detailed methods(第2部分 具體方法) 　　1. Oral English:(口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)) 　 A. We study spoken English so as to make oral munications, so this order of importance of oral English study should be followed: Fluency, Accuracy, and Appropriateness. That is to say, we have to pay more attention to practical municating ability instead of only laying emphasis on the grammatical correctness. 　　我們學(xué)習(xí)口語(yǔ)目的是為了與別人進(jìn)行交流,所以英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中的幾個(gè)要素的重要次序應(yīng)為:流利-準(zhǔn)確-恰當(dāng). 　 　　B. Try to find some partners practicing oral English together and English corner is a good place as where we may exchange English study experience, widen our sight and improve interest in English. 　　努力尋找學(xué)伴一起練習(xí)口語(yǔ).英語(yǔ)角是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的地方,在那我們不但可以練習(xí)口語(yǔ),還可以交流英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn),開(kāi)拓視野,提高英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)興趣. 　 　C. If English partners are not easy to get, then we have to create an English environment ourselves by speaking English to ourselves. 　　如果找不到學(xué)伴或參加英語(yǔ)角的機(jī)會(huì)很少,那么就需要通過(guò)自己對(duì)自己將英語(yǔ)來(lái)創(chuàng)造英語(yǔ)環(huán)境.比如對(duì)自己描述所看到的景物,英語(yǔ)口述自己正在作的事情. 　　D. This method is very effective and easy to insist on--interpreting Chinese-English novels or books. First we read the Chinese parts and then try to interpret them into English and then pare our interpretation with the original versions in the novels or books so that we can find out the mistakes, shortings and progresses in our interpretation. 　　　　這種方法非常有效且很容易堅(jiān)持---口譯漢英對(duì)照(或英漢對(duì)照)的小說(shuō)或其它讀物.首先我們先讀漢語(yǔ)部分,然后逐句直接口譯成英文,完成一小段后,去看書(shū)上的對(duì)應(yīng)英文部分并與我們的口譯進(jìn)行比較,我們馬上可以發(fā)現(xiàn)我們口譯的錯(cuò)誤,缺點(diǎn)和進(jìn)步. 　　請(qǐng)注意:開(kāi)始要選擇較簡(jiǎn)單的讀物. 　　這樣作的好處: 　　1. 自己就可以練習(xí)口語(yǔ),想練多久,就練多久. 　　2. 始終有一位高級(jí)教師指出您的不足和錯(cuò)誤---英文原文. 　　3. 題材范圍極廣,可以突破我們自己的思維禁錮,比如我們總是喜歡談?wù)撐覀冏约菏煜さ脑掝},所以我們總是在練習(xí)相同的語(yǔ)言,進(jìn)步當(dāng)然就緩慢了. 　　4. 選擇小說(shuō),幽默故事或好的短文閱讀,使我們有足夠的興趣堅(jiān)持下去. 　　5. 有一些我們?cè)谥苯訉W(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)課文時(shí)被我們熟視無(wú)睹的地道的英語(yǔ)用法會(huì)被此法發(fā)掘出來(lái). 　　6. 對(duì)所學(xué)知識(shí)和所犯錯(cuò)誤印象深刻.這等于我們一直在作漢譯英練習(xí),很多英文譯文是我們費(fèi)盡心思憋出來(lái)的,所以印象相當(dāng)深刻.比直接學(xué)習(xí)英文課文印象要深的多. 　　E. Interpreting what yo