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1、 Period 4: Grammar 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) 1. 扎實(shí)掌握詞匯與語(yǔ)法的用法，提升綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。 自主學(xué)習(xí)，合作探究；學(xué)會(huì)分析與總結(jié)的方法并學(xué)以致用。 學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞不定式的用法 學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)：如何掌握動(dòng)詞不定式的用法 課前預(yù)習(xí) 預(yù)習(xí)自測(cè)： 用括號(hào)中動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 學(xué)情診斷 (1)Do tell me the way you think of _____________ the problem as soon as possible.(solve) (2)As an employee，I couldn’t help but _____________ st

2、ill for hours as the boss told me to.(stand) (3)If there’s a lot of work _____________，I’m happy to just keep on until it’s finished.(do) (4)I want to find some interesting books _____________.(read) (5)I have no choice but _____________ the fact.(accept) 課內(nèi)探究 一、動(dòng)詞不定式 定義:在語(yǔ)法中,它是動(dòng)詞的一種不帶詞形變化

3、從而不指示人稱、數(shù)量、時(shí)態(tài)的形式。由to+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，否定式 not to do. 1．動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)形式 時(shí)態(tài) 主動(dòng) 被動(dòng) 一般式 to do to be done 進(jìn)行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done (1)一般式：表示不定式的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或動(dòng)作發(fā)生于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之后。 He seems to understand what I said.他似乎明白我說(shuō)的話。 (2)進(jìn)行式：表示不定式的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生且動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。 The two cheats pretended

4、to be working hard.那兩個(gè)騙子假裝在努力工作。 (3)完成式：表示不定式動(dòng)作發(fā)生于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前。 She seems to have seen this film.她似乎已看過(guò)這部影片。 (4)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：表示不定式與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 The meeting to be held tomorrow is about how to stop the pollution. 明天要舉行的會(huì)議是關(guān)于如何停止污染的。 2．動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能 不定式的句法功能是作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。 To get there by bike w

5、ill take us half an hour. 我們騎自行車去那里要花半個(gè)小時(shí)。(主語(yǔ)) When our visit to the farm was over, we expected to start back on foot. 當(dāng)參觀農(nóng)場(chǎng)結(jié)束時(shí)，我們期望步行返回。(賓語(yǔ)) He asked me to do the work with him. 他要求我同他一起做這項(xiàng)工作。(賓補(bǔ)) I was asked to help him with his lessons. 我被請(qǐng)求幫他學(xué)功課。(主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)) Some scientists went to Germany to

6、 attend a medical conference. 一些科學(xué)家去德國(guó)參加醫(yī)學(xué)大會(huì)。(目的狀語(yǔ)) To tell the truth, I dont agree with you.說(shuō)實(shí)話，我不同意你。(獨(dú)立成分) [考題印證1] George returned after the war, only ________ that his wife had left him. A．to be told　　　B．telling C．being told D．told 3．不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) (1)for＋名詞(或代詞賓格)＋動(dòng)詞不定式 其中for本身無(wú)意義，for后

7、面的名詞或代詞是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這種不定式在句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。 It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 為收獲季節(jié)準(zhǔn)備好一切對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)很重要。 (2)帶有邏輯主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)of/for sb. to do sth. 當(dāng)作表語(yǔ)的形容詞表示不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征時(shí)，用介詞of引出不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這些形容詞一般有g(shù)ood，nice，kind，wise，silly，stupid，foolish，right，wrong, careless, impolite等。 句中的形

8、容詞用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)詞的特征時(shí)要用介詞for。這類形容詞有hard, easy, heavy, necessary, possible, important, difficult等。 The first thing for students to do is to study.學(xué)生首先要做的事情就是學(xué)習(xí)。 It is foolish of you to say such words.說(shuō)這種話你太蠢了。 Its easy for you to learn English well.對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)，學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很容易。 4．疑問(wèn)詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式 疑問(wèn)代詞和疑問(wèn)副詞后可加動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，在句中可作

9、主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。 The problem is how to get there on time.問(wèn)題是怎么按時(shí)到達(dá)那兒。 I dont know what to do next.我不知道下一步該做什么。 [考題印證2]Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach ______ to read fast. A．what B．who C．how D．why 二、but＋不定式 but后跟不定式時(shí)有以下兩種情況： 1．在cant but, cant help but, cant cho

10、ose but(不得不，只能)結(jié)構(gòu)后，不定式不帶to。 There being no buses, I cant but walk home.由于沒(méi)有公共汽車，我只能步行回家。 We cant choose but accept the offer.我們只能接受提議。 Its raining hard. I cannot help but stay at home.天在下大雨，我只好待在家里。 2．動(dòng)詞不定式在介詞but, except, besides等表示“除了……”之意的詞后面時(shí)，如果這些介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式(do, does, did)，那么介詞后的不定式要用不帶t

11、o的不定式，否則要用帶to的不定式。 Tom did nothing except wait before his parents came home. 父母回家之前，湯姆只有等待。 I have no choice but to accept the fact. 除了接受這一事實(shí)，我別無(wú)選擇。 There was nothing to do but send for a doctor. 除了派人去請(qǐng)醫(yī)生，沒(méi)有什么可以做的。 [考題印證3]If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ________ an even gre

12、ater challenge. A．meets B．meeting C．meet D．to meet 當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)： Ⅰ.用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．The bank is reported in the local newspaper _____________(rob) in broad daylight yesterday. 2．Id love _____________(drink) some wine at the party, but I had a stomachache that day. 3．Lilys mobile phone was le

13、ft in a taxi accidentally, never _____________ (find) again. 4．Ill do whatever I can _____________ (improve) my English. 5．For nearly three hours we waited for the decision, only to _____________ (tell) to come again the next day. 6．How about the two of us _____________ (take) a walk down t

14、he garden? 7．The computer center, ____________ (open) last year, is very popular among the students in this school. 8．Charles Babbage is generally considered _____________ (invent) the first computer. 9．The students expected there _____________ (be) more reviewing classes be

15、fore the final exams. 10．Since he doesn’t want to accept your advice, it is no use _____________ (talk) to him again. Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空 1．Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ________ first is the library. A．repaired　　　　B．being repaired C．repairing D．to be repaired 2．____

16、____, you need to give all you have and try your best. A．Being a winner B．To be a winner C．Be a winner D．Having been a winner 3．We are invited to a party ________ in our club next Friday. A．to be held B．held C．being held D．holding 4．With the world changing fast, we have something n

17、ew ________ with all by ourselves every day. A．deal B．dealt C．to deal D．dealing 5．Edison was the first scientist ________ a modern research and development centre. A．built B．having built C．to build D．to be building 6．If you dont know _______ a word, look it up in a good diction

18、ary. A．to use B．how to use C．how using D．how should use 7．He hurried to the booking office only ________ that all the tickets had been sold out. A．to tell B．to be told C．telling D．told 8．I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a r

19、eport. A．to go B．to have gone C．going D．having gone 9．Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, ________ reduce unemployment pressures. A．help B．to have helped C．to help

20、 D．having helped 10．With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ________ presents for my dad. A．buy B．to buy C．buying D．to have bought 11. _____ in a heavy rain, Miss White had a bad cold and couldn’t but ____ for a leave. A. To catch; ask B. Caught

21、; ask C. Caught; asking D. To have caught; ask 12. _____ a long bridge requires a large amount of money. A. To build B. To be built C. To have built D. To have been built 13．When caught________，he begged for my pardon and tried________punishment. A．stealing；escaping B．stealing；to esc

22、ape C．to be stealing；escaping D．to be stealing；to escape 14．All the students injured in that accident are still in hospital，________for further observation. A．kept B．keeping C．having kept D．to be kept 15.Ten million people have been forced_______their homes because of the f

23、lood. A．leaving B．to leave C．to be left D．being left 16.Hearing his words，I couldnt decide________or remain. A．whether to go abroad B．if I go abroad C．if to go abroad D．to go abroad 課后訓(xùn)練 1．____about Lucy，the teacher called her parents to find out why she was so often absent

24、 from class. A．Concerning B．Considering C．Concerned D．Considered 2．I was just talking to Joan when Bob ________. A．cut in B．cut down C．cut out D．cut up 3．Dont worry，mother；we still have ________ time to go to the railway station. A．a(chǎn) great deal B．masses of C．a(chǎn) gre

25、at number of D．a(chǎn) great many 4．—Would you please tell me the methods you think of ________ the problems if you have time? —Sure! A．to solve B．solving C．solve D．being solved 5．He was __________ at the sight of a snake. A．frightening B．frightful C．frightened D．fright 6.Sim

26、on made a big bamboo box ________the little sick bird till it could fly. A．keep　　　B．kept C．keeping D．to keep 7．Its likely that he is the only American hiptop artist________in China. A．to have ever lived B．to live ever C．having ever lived D．ever living 8.Increasing the number o

27、f women leaders will be a slow________. A．step B．process C．ceremony D．a(chǎn)chievement 9.Now，I have him in my________，I can make him do anything I want. A．strength B．energy C．power D．force 10．Li Ming is clever, honest, and hardworking. ________， he is a good student and we should learn from him. A．In a nutshell B．After all C．On the other hand D．By the way 4