2019屆中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 知識講與練 第26課 動詞試題.doc
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第26課 動詞 課堂突破 一、動詞的形式 大多數(shù)動詞都有五種基本形式:動詞原形、第三人稱單數(shù)形式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去式和過去分詞。 (一)第三人稱單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成 一般現(xiàn)在時中主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時,謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式,其變化規(guī)則與名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的方法大體相同。具體見下表: 規(guī)則變化 動詞原形 第三人稱單數(shù)形式及讀音 一般動詞在詞尾加-s; -s在清輔音后讀/s/,-s在濁輔音和元音后讀/z/ work grow works/s/ grows/z/ 以s, x, ch, sh或o結(jié)尾的動詞加-es; -es讀/Iz/,o后的-es讀/z/ fix catch push go kiss fixes/Iz/ catches/Iz/ pushes/Iz/ goes/z/ kisses/Iz/ 以字母e結(jié)尾的動詞,直接加-s; -s讀/z/或/s/ ride like rides/z/ likes/s/ 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動詞,改y為i,再加-es; -ies讀/Iz/ study carry studies/Iz/ carries/Iz/ 以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動詞,直接加-s; -s讀/z/ play say plays/z/ says/z/ (二)現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成 規(guī)則變化 動詞原形 現(xiàn)在分詞 一般在動詞后加-ing help work helping working 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動詞,先去e再加-ing write move writing moving 以y結(jié)尾的動詞,直接加-ing play study playing studying 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞,先雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加-ing put sit run cut get begin drop stop putting sitting running cutting getting beginning dropping stopping 以ie結(jié)尾的動詞,一般將ie改為y,再加-ing lie die tie lying dying tying (三)過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成 規(guī)則變化 動詞原形 過去式、過去分詞及其讀音 一般在動詞詞尾加-ed; -ed在清輔音后讀/t/,在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/,在t/d后讀/Id/ ask answer want need asked—asked/t/ answered—answered/d/ wanted—wanted/Id/ needed—needed/Id/ 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞,直接加-d; -d在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/,在清輔音后讀/t/ love dance loved—loved/d/ danced—danced/t/ 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動詞,把y變?yōu)閕,再加-ed; -ied讀/Id/ worry study worried—worried/Id/ studied—studied/Id/ 以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動詞,直接加-ed; -d讀/d/ play stay played—played/d/ stayed—stayed/d/ 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞,先雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加-ed; -ed在清輔音后讀/t/,在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/,在t/d后讀/Id/ stop plan drop prefer stopped—stopped/t/ planned—planned/d/ dropped—dropped/t/ preferred—preferred/d/ 【活學(xué)活用】 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. Do you know the boy__________(wear) glasses over there? 2. My sister likes reading the novels__________(write) by Mo Yan. 3. I found a wallet__________(lie) on the ground on my way to school yesterday. 4. The lemon juice__________(taste) sweet and sour after adding some honey. It is delicious. 5. The cup__________(drop) and broke. 二、動詞的分類 動詞的分類 實義動詞(v.) 及物動詞(vt.) 跟賓語 like, write。如:He likes music. 他喜歡音樂。 不及物動詞(vi.) 不跟賓語 rain, come。如:It rained heavily yesterday. 昨天雨下得很大。 系動詞(link v.) 跟名詞或形容詞 作表語 be, look, sound, taste, feel, smell, become, turn, seem, keep, stay。如:①I am a student. 我是一個學(xué)生。②He felt excited. 他感到很興奮。 助動詞(aux. v.) 跟動詞原形或分詞 (本身無意義) be (+doing)幫助構(gòu)成進行時態(tài) be (+done)幫助構(gòu)成被動語態(tài) have/had (+done)幫助構(gòu)成完成時態(tài) do, does幫助構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的疑問句或否定句 did幫助構(gòu)成一般過去時態(tài)的疑問句或否定句 will, shall, would, should幫助構(gòu)成將來時態(tài) 情態(tài)動詞(modal v.) 跟動詞原形(有意義) can, may, must, need, could, might, should 三、情態(tài)動詞的用法 概念 情態(tài)動詞本身有一定的意義,但不能獨立作謂語,只能與其后的動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語,表示說話人的情緒、態(tài)度或語氣,用來表達建議、請求、可能或意愿等。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,情態(tài)動詞后必須跟動詞原形。常見的情態(tài)動詞有:can, could, may, might, must, need, shall, will, should, would及半情態(tài)動詞had better, have to。 用法 can, could的用法 1. 表示能力,表示“能;會;能夠”。如: ①We can use the computer now, but we couldn’t two months ago. 現(xiàn)在我們會用電腦了,但兩個月前我們不會。 ②He could ride a bike when he was four. 他4歲就會騎自行車了。 2. 表示可能性,常用于否定句或疑問句中。如:Today is Sunday, so he can’t be at school. 今天是星期天,所以他不可能在學(xué)校。 3. 表示允許,口語中常用may代替。如:You can/may use my car. 你可以用我的小汽車。 can, could的用法 4. could雖然是can的過去式,但在口語中could常代替can表示委婉地提出請求,并不表示過去的時態(tài),主要用于疑問句中。如: Could you be here at eight o’clock tomorrow morning? 明天上午8點你能來這兒嗎? may, might的用法 1. 表示許可,意為“可以”。如:You may leave now. 現(xiàn)在你可以走了。 2. May I...? 表示請求許可,否定回答用mustn’t,表示“不可以;禁止”。如:—May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行車嗎?—Yes, you may./No, you mustn’t. 是的,你可以。/不,你不可以。 3. 表示推測,意為“可能;或許”。如:—I can’t find my ruler. 我找不到我的尺子?!狪t may be in your pencil box. 它可能在你的鉛筆盒里。 4. 用在祈使句中表示祝愿。如:May you succeed!祝你成功! 5. may的過去式might表示的語氣更加委婉、客氣。如:Might I use your pen for a while? 我可以用一會兒你的鋼筆嗎? must的用法 1. must作“必須;應(yīng)該”講,表示必要性;mustn’t則表示“不應(yīng)該;不許”。如: ①You must buy a ticket. 你必須買票。 ②You mustn’t play on the road. 你不許在馬路上玩。 2. must作“一定”講,表示肯定的猜測(否定猜測用can’t,意為“不可能”)。如: ①These must be Lucy’s clothes. 這些一定是露西的衣服。(對現(xiàn)在情況的推測) ②Tom must be watching TV at home. 湯姆一定是在家看電視。(對現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事情的推測) ③She must have seen the movie. 她一定看過這部電影。(對過去情況的推測) 注:回答Must...?引出的疑問句時,肯定回答用must,否定回答不能用mustn’t,而要用needn’t或don’t have to。如:—Must you finish your homework today? 你今天必須完成作業(yè)嗎?—Yes, I must./No, I needn’t. 是的,我必須。/不,我不必。 need的用法 need作情態(tài)動詞,意為“需要”,主要用于一般疑問句和否定句,其肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t。如:—Need I finish the work today? 我需要今天完成這項工作嗎?—Yes, you must./No, you needn’t. 是的,你必須完成。/不,你不必。 拓展:need用作及物動詞,其后的賓語可以是名詞、動詞不定式、動名詞、代詞。用法與其他行為動詞一樣,有人稱和數(shù)的變化。如:—Does he need to wash his hands? 他需要洗手嗎?—Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t. 是的,他需要。/不,他不需要。 shall, should的用法 1. shall用作情態(tài)動詞,常用于一般疑問句,與第一人稱連用,表示征求意見或看法。如: Shall we meet at the school gate tomorrow morning? 明天早上我們在學(xué)校門口見面好嗎? 2. should用作情態(tài)動詞,表示勸告或建議,意為“應(yīng)該”,表示必要性。不可看作shall的過去式。如:We should be strict in all our work. 我們應(yīng)該嚴格要求我們所有的工作。 will, would的用法 1. 表示必然性。如:Fish will die without water. 沒有了水,魚就會死去。 2. 表達意愿或意志。如: ①We’ll help him if he asks us for help. 如果他向我們尋求幫助,我們會幫他。 ②I promise that I would do my best. 我答應(yīng)你,我會盡全力。 3. 詢問對方的意愿或提出請求,常與like, love連用,主要用于疑問句中。如: ①Would you like another cup of coffee? 你想再喝一杯咖啡嗎? ②Will you go with me? 你愿意和我一起去嗎? 【活學(xué)活用】 用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空。 1. —Must I finish all the homework this evening? —No, you__________. Tomorrow is Saturday, and you have enough time for it. 2. People__________ drive after drinking alcohol(酒). It’s against the law. 3. —Do you have any plans for this summer vacation? —I’m not sure. I__________ take a trip to Taiwan. 4. Jill looks so painful. There__________ be something wrong with her. 5. —Look at that girl!Is it Judy? —No, it__________ be her. She is still in London. 四、短語動詞 概念 動詞跟一個或兩個介詞或副詞構(gòu)成固定詞組后,在意義上和原來的動詞不同,這種動詞詞組叫短語動詞。 分類 動詞+介詞(后需加賓語) 1. arrive in/at到達 2. ask for要求 3. begin with... 以……開始 4. be from... 從……來 5. be about大約 6. believe in相信 7. depend on/upon依靠 8. get to到達 9. look for尋找 10. laugh at嘲笑 11. send for派人去請 12. wait for等待 動詞 + 副詞 及物動詞+副詞(后需加賓語,賓語為代詞時放中間) 1. carry out執(zhí)行 2. find out查明 3. give up放棄 4. hand in上交 5. look up查找 6. pick up撿起 7. put on穿上 8. put off推遲 9. ring up給……打電話 10. set up建立 11. take off脫下 12. turn off關(guān)掉 13. turn on打開 14. think over考慮 不及物短語動詞(后不加賓語) 1. get up起床 2. give in屈服 3. go on繼續(xù) 4. grow up成長 5. look out小心 6. show off炫耀 7. set off/out出發(fā) 8. stand up起立 9. take off起飛 10. wake up醒來 動詞+副詞+介詞 (后需加賓語) 1. get on/along with... 與……相處 2. catch up with趕上;跟上 3. come up to走近 4. go on with繼續(xù) 5. look down upon/on看不起 6. look forward to盼望 動詞+名詞+介詞 (后需加賓語) 1. take part in參加 2. make fun of取笑 3. make use of利用 4. make friends with... 和……交朋友 5. shake hands with... 和……握手 6. take care of照料 常用動詞短語歸納 look 1. look for尋找 2. look after照顧 3. look over查看 4. look forward to盼望;向往 5. look at看著 6. look up抬頭看;查(字典) 7. look into調(diào)查 8. look out當(dāng)心 9. look out of... 從……往外看 10. look like看起來像 11. look the same看起來一樣 12. look through透過……看;瀏覽 put 1. put off推遲 2. put on穿上;上演;增加 3. put away把……收起來 4. put out撲滅 5. put down寫下 6. put back放回 7. put up舉起;建造;張貼 turn 1. turn on打開 2. turn off關(guān)掉 3. turn up調(diào)高(音量) 4. turn down調(diào)低(音量) 5. turn to朝向 6. turn into變成 7. turn over翻開;翻轉(zhuǎn) 8. turn...into...把……變成…… get 1. get on/along (well) with sb. 與某人相處(融洽) 2. get up起床 3. get on上車(船、飛機、馬) 4. get off下車(船、飛機、馬) 5. get back回去 6. get back to回到 7. get away離開;逃脫 8. get down下來 9. get home到家 10. get into進入;陷入 11. get out (of...)(從……)出去 12. get to到達 13. get together聚會 take 1. take off(飛機)起飛;脫掉(衣服) 2. take away拿走 3. take out取出 4. take pride in... 對……感到自豪 go 1. go over溫習(xí);復(fù)習(xí) 2. go into走進 3. go out出去;熄滅 4. go away走開 5. go back回去;回顧 6. go by(時間)流逝;從旁經(jīng)過 7. go down下降;下沉 8. go on繼續(xù) 9. go through經(jīng)歷 10. go to school去上學(xué) 11. go home回家 12. go to the doctor去看醫(yī)生 make 1. make a decision做決定 2. make sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事 3. make a mistake犯錯誤 4. make progress取得進步 5. make friends with... 與……交朋友 6. make up編造;虛構(gòu);打扮;構(gòu)成;組成 7. make a face做鬼臉 come 1. come along一道來 2. come in進來 3. come into進入 4. come out出來;出版 5. come down下來 6. come from來自 7. come back回來 8. come across偶然遇到 9. come over過來 10. come home回家 11. come into use開始使用 12. come on快點;得啦;跟著來;加油 give 1. give up放棄 2. give off放出;發(fā)出(氣體、氣味、煙霧、光、水、熱等) 3. give out精疲力竭;累倒;耗盡;用完;分發(fā) 4. give away泄露;贈送 5. give in屈服;讓步;投降 be 1. be friendly/kind to... 對……友好 2. be different from... 與……不同 3. be afraid of害怕 4. be popular with... 受……歡迎 5. be interested in... 對……感興趣 6. be strict with sb. 對某人嚴格 7. be strict in sth.對某事嚴格 8. be famous/known as... 作為……有名 9. be famous/known for... 因……著名 10. be surprised at... 對……驚訝 11. be pleased with... 對……滿意 12. be proud of... 對……感到自豪 13. be polite/impolite to... 對……有禮貌/不禮貌 14. be thankful/grateful to... 對……感激 15. be good for... 對……有好處 16. be good at擅長于 17. be made up of... 由……構(gòu)成 18. be angry with... 對……生氣 19. be busy with忙于 20. be full of/filled with裝滿;充滿 21. be late for... ……遲到 22. be covered with... 用……覆蓋 【活學(xué)活用】 根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子。 1. The film I saw yesterday__________ me__________(使我想起) the days when I was with my grandparents in the countryside. 2. Here is the book. First__________(瀏覽) the book, and then tell me what you think of it. 3. It’s impolite to cut in line while you are__________(等待) a bus at the bus stop. 4. There was a fire in the hotel at midnight last Friday. Luckily, it was soon__________(撲滅). 5. When you visit a museum, you should__________(注意) the instructions and not be against them. 當(dāng)堂檢測 一、用方框中所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空,每個短語限用一次。 take off pick up put off hurry up come out 1. (xx嘉興、舟山)My son__________ a tool and began helping. 2. —A new book by Mo Yan will__________ soon. —Really? I can’t wait to buy one! 3. Our school had to__________ the soccer games be-cause of the bad weather, which made students frustrated. 4. Our plane is__________ in a few minutes. Please be seated and keep your safe belt fastened. 5.__________, you guys!You don’t want to miss the train, do you? 二、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和所給漢語提示,在空白處寫出單詞的正確形式。每空限填一詞。(xx紹興市越城區(qū)中考模擬) Professor Stephen Hawking died at the 1__________(年紀) of 76. He was a great scientist and an extraordinary man whose work will live on for many years. His courage and humor inspired people 2__________(遍及) the world. Hawking also discovered that black holes are not 3__________(完全) black but emit radiation(釋放輻射) and will probably 4__________(消失) at last. Unluckily, the ALS disease left Hawking wheelchair-bound and paralyzed. He was able to move only a few 5__________(手指) on one hand and was always dependent on 6__________(別人) or on technology—bathing, dressing, eating and even speech. Most people value both his scientific achievements and his spiritual power. He said, “I have been 7__________(幸運的) that my condition has progressed more slowly than it is often the case. But it shows that one 8__________(不必) lose hope.” He used to say to his children, “9__________(永不) give up work. Work gives you meaning and purpose and life is empty if you don’t have it. What’s more, if you find love around you, remember it is there and you shouldn’t 10__________(拋棄) it away.” We will miss him forever. 參考答案 課堂突破 一、1. wearing 2. written 3. lying 4. tastes 5. dropped 三、1. needn’t 2. mustn’t 3. may/might 4. must 5. can’t 四、1. reminded, of 2. look through 3. waiting for 4. put out 5. pay attention to 當(dāng)堂檢測 一、1. picked up 2. come out 【解析】此處come out意為“出版”。 3. put off 4. taking off 【解析】由句意理解可知飛機要起飛了。take off意為“(飛機)起飛;脫下”。 5. Hurry up 二、1. age 2. across 3. completely 4. disappear 5. fingers 6. others 7. lucky 8. needn’t 9. Never 10. throw- 1.請仔細閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對于不預(yù)覽、不比對內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來的問題本站不予受理。
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