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智課網(wǎng) TOEFL備考資料托福閱讀總結(jié)題的解決方法摘要： 托福閱讀總結(jié)題主要目的：考查學(xué)生理解和識別主要內(nèi)容和文中所提及重要的信息。下面，看看小馬過河為同學(xué)們帶來的介紹。這類 托福 考題的特點(diǎn)：有六個(gè)選項(xiàng)，你可以從中選出三個(gè)最能表達(dá)主要思想的句子。這類考題分值是2分，選出三個(gè)得2分，選出2 個(gè)得1分，順序選擇不影響得分。所以這道題的考點(diǎn)主要在于對文章的主要觀點(diǎn)和相對重要信息的理解和辨識能力，排除文中次要信息和未提及的信息。解決方法：一、 托福閱讀 做題前的準(zhǔn)備大家都會(huì)花3-5分鐘略讀全文，把握整篇文章的大意和結(jié)構(gòu)，這樣可以站在全文的高度解題，避免出現(xiàn)“只見樹木不見森林“ 的情況。對待全文總結(jié)題全文通讀非常重要，在這3到5分鐘之間要做好以下兩步：1、分清楚文章細(xì)節(jié)與主題。在讀文章的時(shí)候做好文章分析，那些是本段論點(diǎn)，那些是段落中的舉例，和離題內(nèi)容。那些肯定不是答案。 2、閱讀時(shí)做好簡單筆記。理清文章思路。那些是論點(diǎn)及論點(diǎn)的支持論據(jù)，那些是轉(zhuǎn)折，作者態(tài)度，就這三點(diǎn)。以下面這篇閱讀為例：Glacier FormationGlaciers are slowly moving masses of ice that have accumulated on land in areas where more snowfalls during a year than melts. Snow falls as hexagonal crystals， but once on the ground， snow is soon transformed into a compacted mass of smaller， rounded grains. As the air space around them is lessened by compaction and melting， the grains become denser. With further melting， refreezing， and increased weight from newer snowfall above， the snow reaches a granular recrystallized stage intermediate between flakes and ice known as firn. With additional time， pressure， and refrozen meltwater from above， the small firn granules become larger， interlocked crystals of blue glacial ice. When the ice is thick enough， usually over 30 meters， the weight of the snow and firn will cause the ice crystals toward the bottom to become plastic and to flow outward or downward from the area of snow accumulation.第一段主題：冰川的形成是長期的積雪壓縮和晶狀體累積，最后一句為細(xì)節(jié)信息，冰塊超過30米之后，會(huì)有積流。Glaciers are open systems， with snow as the system’s input and meltwater as the system's main output. The glacial system is governed by two basic climatic variables： precipitation and temperature. For a glacier to grow or maintain its mass， there must be sufficient snowfall to match or exceed the annual loss through melting， evaporation， and calving， which occurs when the glacier loses solid chunks as icebergs to the sea or to large lakes. If summer temperatures are high for too long， then all the snowfall from the previous winter will melt. Surplus snowfall is essential for a glacier to develop. A surplus allows snow to accumulate and for the pressure of snow accumulated over the years to transform buried snow into glacial ice with a depth great enough for the ice to flow. Glaciers are sometimes classified by temperature as faster-flowing temperate glaciers or as slower-flowing polar glaciers.第二段主題：控制冰川系統(tǒng)的兩個(gè)因素：降雪和溫度，分別根據(jù)這兩個(gè)因素展開了簡單論述。Glaciers are part of Earth’s hydrologic cycle and are second only to the oceans in the total amount of water contained. About 2 percent of Earth’s water is currently frozen as ice. Two percent may be a deceiving figure， however， since over 80 percent of the world’s freshwater is locked up as ice in glaciers， with the majority of it in Antarctica. The total amount of ice is even more awesome if we estimate the water released upon the hypothetical melting of the world’s glaciers. Sea level would rise about 60 meters. This would change the geography of the planet considerably. In contrast， should another ice age occur， sea level would drop drastically. During the last ice age， sea level dropped about 120 meters.第三段主題：冰川是地球主要淡水源；該段細(xì)節(jié)主要有兩個(gè)，第一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，冰川占世界80%淡水資源，第二個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)在最后一句，冰川融化將士另一個(gè)冰河時(shí)代來臨。When snowfalls on high mountains or in polar regions， it may become part of the glacial system. Unlike rain， which returns rapidly to the sea or atmosphere， the snow that becomes part of a glacier is involved in a much more slowly cycling system. Here water may be stored in ice form for hundreds or even hundreds of thousands of years before being released again into the liquid water system as meltwater. In the meantime， however， this ice is not static. Glaciers move slowly across the land with tremendous energy， carving into even the hardest rock formations and thereby reshaping the landscape as they engulf， push， drag， and finally deposit rock debris in places far from its original location. As a result， glaciers create a great variety of landforms that remain long after the surface is released from its icy covering.第四段主題：冰川循環(huán)，細(xì)節(jié)信息：冰川造就了地球上很多地形 Throughout most of Earth’s history， glaciers did not exist， but at the present time about 10 percent of Earth’s land surface is covered by glaciers. Present-day glaciers are found in Antarctica， in Greenland， and at high elevations on all the continents except Australia. In the recent past， from about 2.4 million to about 10，000 years ago， nearly a third of Earth’s land area was periodically covered by ice thousands of meters thick. In the much more distant past， other ice ages have occurred.第五段主題：過去、現(xiàn)在、未來冰川的存在情況二、做題方法1、熟悉選項(xiàng)。把六個(gè)選項(xiàng)看一遍，將選項(xiàng)分為3類：主題、細(xì)節(jié)題、文章沒提?？v觀以上六個(gè)選項(xiàng)，我們不難選出，A、細(xì)節(jié)+主題； B、主題；C、主題；D、細(xì)節(jié)；E、細(xì)節(jié)；F、細(xì)節(jié)。2、選擇選項(xiàng) 將選項(xiàng)分成3類之后，建議大家根據(jù)通讀文章時(shí)的筆記，用直選與排除的方法結(jié)合做題。主題選項(xiàng)一般采用直選的方法，細(xì)節(jié)部分一般采用排除法。A選項(xiàng)，前半句為第四段細(xì)節(jié)信息，主題部分為第一段主題，因此A項(xiàng)后半句也正確，直選；B選項(xiàng)，第四段主題，直選；C選項(xiàng)，第二段主題，glaciers cannot form in temperate latitudes為離題內(nèi)容，排除；D 選項(xiàng)，第一段最后一句的細(xì)節(jié)信息，直選；E選項(xiàng)，考察內(nèi)容第三段的第二個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，忽視細(xì)節(jié)信息，排除；F選項(xiàng)，考察第三段第一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)的信息，與原文不符，排除。因此我們得到了正確選項(xiàng)：ABD.Directions： An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Glaciers are part of Earth's hydrologic cycle.●Glaciers， which at present…●When there are glaciers…●When glacial ice reaches…Answer ChoicesA、Glaciers， which at present contain 80 percent of Earth's freshwater， form when accumulated snow is compressed and recrystallized into ice over a period of years.B、When there are glaciers on Earth， water is cycled through the glacier system， but the cycle period may be hundreds of thousands of years during periods of ice ages.C、The glacial system is governed by precipitation and temperature in such a way that glaciers cannot form in temperate latitudes.D、When glacial ice reaches a depth of 30 meters， the weight of the ice causes ice crystals at the bottom to flow， and the resulting movement of the glacier carves the landscape.E、If global warming melted the world's glaciers， sea level would rise about 60 meters worldwide.F、Glaciers have had little effect on Earth's surface because only 2 percent of Earth's water is currently contained in glaciers， and there are fewer glaciers now than at most times in the past.以上就是 小馬 過河對托福閱讀總結(jié)題解題點(diǎn)睛的講解，希望對同學(xué)們的托福閱讀考試有所幫助?？忌谕懈ｉ喿x備考的時(shí)候一定要事先了解一下類似的問題，這樣能夠給大家的托福閱讀備考帶來不小的幫助。大家一定要早準(zhǔn)備！通過積累，一定會(huì)有所收獲！更多托福新聞，盡在 小馬過河 。相關(guān)推薦：托福寫作考試中的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵托福獨(dú)立寫作：分組比大組織好托福獨(dú)立寫作范文：土地如何使用相關(guān)字搜索： 托福閱讀