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1、 Unit 1 Great scientists Ⅰ.閱讀理解 (2017河南省鶴壁市高級(jí)中學(xué)周練) Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of comets (彗星) which other scientists had made. The orbit(軌道)of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure

2、it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems. However, Halley had a friend named Isaac Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of

3、 a comet had the shape of an ellipse(橢圓形)． Now Halley set to work. He figured out(解決，計(jì)算出)the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearance

4、 had been 75 to 76 years apart. This seemed very strange to Halley. Three different comets followed the same orbit. The more Halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times

5、. The comet had gone away and had come back again. It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain to make a prediction(預(yù)言)of what would happen in the future. He decided that this would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halleys prediction could be tested. In 1758 the comet a

6、ppeared in the sky. Halley did not see it, for he had died some years before. Ever since then that comet had been called Halleys comet, in his honor. 1．Edmund Halley figured out the orbit of ________. A．some different comets appearing several times B．the same comet appearing at different times C

7、．three different comets appearing at the same time D．several comets appearing at the same time 2．Halley made his discovery ________. A．by doing experiments B．by means of his own careful observation C．by using the working of other scientists D．by chance 3．Halley made a surprising, but co

8、rrect prediction in the year ________. A．1704 B．1705 C．1706 D．1707 4．This passage in general is about ________. A．Halley and other scientists B．the orbit of a comet C．Newton and Halley D．Halley and his discovery 答案與解析 文章介紹了哈雷和他的發(fā)現(xiàn)哈雷彗星，以及發(fā)現(xiàn)驗(yàn)證哈雷彗星的過(guò)程。 1．B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的第四段“He decide

9、d that they had simply seen the same comet three times”及上文提到的看彗星的時(shí)間分別是1531年、1607年、1682年可判斷正確答案為B。 2．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“He studied the observations of comets which other scientists had made.”可知哈雷的發(fā)現(xiàn)是在研究其他科學(xué)家們的觀察中得出來(lái)的。故選C。 3．B　推理計(jì)算題。文中第五段的“He decided that this would appear in the year 1758. There were

10、 53 years to go before Halleys prediction could be tested.”這句話告訴我們：他預(yù)言彗星出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間是1758年，而這個(gè)預(yù)言還要經(jīng)過(guò)53年才能驗(yàn)證，由此可以推斷出哈雷做出這個(gè)預(yù)言的時(shí)間是1705年。故選B。 4．D　主旨大意題?？v觀全文可知文章的中心就是哈雷以及他的發(fā)現(xiàn)哈雷彗星。故選D。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2017福建省莆田市第二十五中學(xué)月考) I realize that we all live in a world where trust is in short supply.It seems that everywhere I

11、go, I have to__1__ my identity and trustworthiness—whether its a bank, shop or any office.I have been accustomed to living by the __2__ that no one is trustworthy __3__ proved otherwise.Yesterday I saw a young man who lived by a totally __4__ rule. I was walking along a busy intersection when I __5

12、__ a young man standing near the pedestrian crossing setting up a stall(貨攤). __6__I would ignore and hurry past such sellers.But I noticed this young man was__7__， so I stood for some time without crossing the street to see how he sold his __8__. Soon, a young mother with a little boy came by and t

13、he child set his__9__ on one of teddy bears.The mother asked the __10__and it was only one dollar.She pulled out a 10 dollar note and told the young man that she was giving him 10 dollars and wanted the __11__back. I was __12__ to know how he was going to do it.He told the mom to put the __13__ in t

14、he pouch(袋子) hanging around his neck and take out whatever change he__14__ her. I realized that this young mans whole mode of earning __15__ on trusting people not to cheat him.There was no __16__ for him to know if someone took out more out of his pouch of earning.I was so __17__ by how this young

15、 man trusted people that I bought a car model from him.I did not need it, __18__.I just hoped to help a little. Now I __19__ believe that the world would be a better place if we could all learn to __20__ others more, like the young blind street seller of toys. 1．A.introduce B．present C．prove D．re

16、quest 2．A.rule B．habit C．practice D．law 3．A.if B．since C．a(chǎn)lthough D．unless 4．A.similar B．different C．special D．common 5．A.approached B．noticed C．watched D．looked 6．A.Actually B．Normally C．Informally D．Casually 7．A.blind B．handsome C．disabled D．strange 8．A.clothes B．bears C．toys D．po

17、uches 9．A.mind B．interest C．heart D．a(chǎn)ttraction 10．A.price B．stall C．toy D．help 11．A.money B．charge C．change D．note 12．A.anxious B．surprised C．pleased D．curious 13．A.hand B．money C．teddy bear D．necklace 14．A.gave B．owed C．owned D．showed 15．A.depended B．settled C．decided D．focused 16．A.

18、problem B．point C．way D．doubt 17．A.attracted B．shocked C．excited D．touched 18．A.either B．instead C．moreover D．though 19．A.firmly B．tightly C．unwillingly D．negatively 20．A.take in B．turn to C．help out D．believe in 答案與解析 本文作者通過(guò)自己的經(jīng)歷告知我們，如果我們能夠彼此信任，這個(gè)世界將會(huì)是一個(gè)更美好的地方。 1．C　根據(jù)上文“I realize that w

19、e all live in a world where trust is in short supply.”可知，作者覺(jué)得社會(huì)上缺少信任，似乎無(wú)論去哪里，不管是銀行、商店還是辦公室都必須證明自己的身份。A.introduce“介紹”；B.present“呈現(xiàn)”；C.prove“證明”；D.request“請(qǐng)求”。故選C。 2．A　根據(jù)下文“Yesterday I saw a young man who lived by a totally ________rule.”可知，作者認(rèn)為我們都習(xí)慣了按照規(guī)則生活。A.rule“規(guī)則”；B.habit“習(xí)慣”；C.practice“慣例”；D.law

20、“法律”。故選A。 3．D　根據(jù)上文“I have to ________my identity and trustworthiness—whether its a bank, shop or any office.”可知，除非被證明，沒(méi)有人是可信賴的。A.if“如果”；B.since“自從……以來(lái)”；C.although“盡管”；D.unless“除非”。故選D。 4．B　根據(jù)下文的講述可知，這位盲人依據(jù)的規(guī)則完全不同于作者認(rèn)為的社會(huì)缺乏信任，他完全靠對(duì)人的信任讓顧客自己找零錢。A.similar“相似的”；B.different“不同的”；C.special“特殊的”；D.commo

21、n“共同的”。故選B。 5．B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，當(dāng)作者走過(guò)一個(gè)繁忙的十字路口的時(shí)候，注意到一個(gè)年輕人在路邊擺攤。A.approached“接近”；B.noticed“注意”；C.watched“觀看”；D.looked“看”。故選B。 6．B　根據(jù)下文“But I noticed this young man was ________， so I stood for some time without crossing the street to see how he sold his ________.”可知，正常情況下，作者會(huì)忽視掉這些賣東西的人匆忙走過(guò)，但是那天他看到是一個(gè)盲人在擺攤，

22、于是他停了下來(lái)想看看他怎么賣東西。A.Actually“實(shí)際上”；B.Normally“正常地；通常地”；C.Informally“非正式地”；D.Casually“隨便地”。故選B。 7．A　根據(jù)文章最后提到的“l(fā)ike the young blind street seller of toys”可知，這是一個(gè)盲人在賣東西。A.blind“盲的；瞎的”；B.handsome“英俊的”；C.disabled“殘疾的”；D.strange“奇怪的”。故選A。 8．C　根據(jù)下文提到的“one of teddy bears”和最后提到的“l(fā)ike the young blind street s

23、eller of toys”可知，這個(gè)盲人是賣玩具的。A.clothes“衣服”；B.bears“熊”；C.toys“玩具”；D.pouches“育兒袋”。故選C。 9．C　根據(jù)下文“The mother asked the ________and it was only one dollar.”可知，這個(gè)孩子想要這個(gè)玩具熊。A.mind“想法”；B.interest“興趣”；C.heart“內(nèi)心”；D.attraction“吸引”。set ones heart on something“一心想要某物”。故選C。 10．A　根據(jù)下文“it was only one dollar”可知，媽媽

24、在詢問(wèn)玩具的價(jià)格。A.price“價(jià)格”；B.stall“貨攤”；C.toy“玩具”；D.help“幫助”。故選A。 11．C　根據(jù)上下文可知，玩具的價(jià)格是一美元，媽媽給了10美元，因此想要找回零錢。A.money“錢”；B.charge“費(fèi)用”；C.change“零錢”；D.note“鈔票”。故選C。 12．D　根據(jù)上文可知，這個(gè)人是一個(gè)盲人，因此作者很好奇他怎么收錢找零錢。A.anxious“焦慮的”；B.surprised“驚奇的”；C.pleased“高興的”；D.curious“好奇的”。故選D。 13．B　根據(jù)上文可知，這個(gè)盲人要找給這位媽媽零錢，因此他告訴這位媽媽把錢放進(jìn)掛

25、在他脖子上的袋子里，然后拿出欠她的零錢。A.hand“手”；B.money“錢”；C.teddy bear“泰迪熊”；D.necklace“項(xiàng)鏈”。故選B。 14．B　根據(jù)上文可知，這個(gè)盲人要這位媽媽把錢放進(jìn)他掛在脖子上的袋子里，然后拿走欠她的零錢。A.gave“給”；B.owed“欠”；C.owned“擁有”；D.showed“展示”。故選B。 15．A　根據(jù)上文講述的盲人的買賣方式可知，他的賺錢方式完全依靠相信別人不會(huì)欺騙他。A.depended“依賴”；B.settled“解決”；C.decided“決定”；D.focused“聚集”。depend on“依靠”。故選A。 16．C

26、　因?yàn)檫@是盲人，所以他沒(méi)有辦法知道是否有人多拿了他袋子里的錢。A.problem“問(wèn)題”；B.point“要點(diǎn)”；C.way“方法”；D.doubt“懷疑”。故選C。 17．D　根據(jù)下文“Now I ________believe that the world would be a better place if we could all learn to ________ others more, like the young blind street seller of toys.”可知，作者對(duì)這個(gè)盲人對(duì)別人的完全相信很感動(dòng)。A.attracted“被吸引的”；B.shocked“震驚

27、的”；C.excited“激動(dòng)的”；D.touched“感動(dòng)的”。故選D。 18．D　根據(jù)下文“I just hoped to help a little.”可知，作者從這位盲人那里買了一輛玩具車，然而作者并不需要。A.either“也”；B.instead“代替”；C.moreover“而且”；D.though“然而”。though置于句末，作狀語(yǔ)，表示轉(zhuǎn)折，意思是“然而”。故選D。 19．A　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，通過(guò)這件事情，作者現(xiàn)在堅(jiān)定地相信如果我們都能像這個(gè)盲人一樣相信別人更多一點(diǎn)，那么這個(gè)世界會(huì)成為一個(gè)更好的地方。A.firmly“堅(jiān)定地”； B．tightly“緊緊地”；C.unwi

28、llingly“勉強(qiáng)地”；D.negatively“消極地”。故選A。 20．D　作者現(xiàn)在堅(jiān)定地相信如果我們都能像這個(gè)盲人一樣相信別人更多一點(diǎn)，那么這個(gè)世界會(huì)成為一個(gè)更好的地方。A.take in“欺騙”；B.turn to“求助于”；C.help out“幫助擺脫困難”；D.believe in“相信”。故選D。 Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空 (2017安陽(yáng)市三十六中月考) I wanted to do something special for my 15yearold son, who has always been a perfect boy. He worked all summer to

29、earn enough money to buy __1__ (he) a new racingbicycle instead of asking for money from me. Then he spent hours and hours on it. I loved my son so much __2__ I bought him a pair of sunglasses and gloves. When my son rode the racingbicycle with them, he looked very cool. He dreamed __3__ taking

30、part in a race and winning. On November 10th, my birthday, when I went to the kitchen to start the milk and bread in the morning, I found __4__ beautiful guitar on the table, beside which was a card, __5__ (say), “Happy birthday to my wonderful mother.” I was surprised and then began to sob. I re

31、membered once I __6__ (joke) to my family that I wanted to learn playing the guitar to make my life colorful. I had __7__ (forget) it, but my son remembered. He took it __8__ (serious), and bought me one as a birthday gift. When I wondered __9__ my son could buy this expensive gift, soon I realiz

32、ed that my son had sold his racingbicycle __10__ (get) me the guitar. 答案與解析 通過(guò)本文考查了學(xué)生對(duì)一些英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的理解和應(yīng)用。如固定搭配，名詞復(fù)數(shù)，形容詞副詞的區(qū)別，名詞的用法等。 1．himself　考查反身代詞。buy oneself給自己買，這里的意思是給他自己買自行車。 2．that　考查連詞。so...that... 如此……以至于……，為固定搭配。 3．of　考查固定短語(yǔ)。dream of doing sth. 夢(mèng)想著做某事，為固定短語(yǔ)。 4．a(chǎn)　考查冠詞。這里是泛指，表示一個(gè)吉他，所以需用不定

33、冠詞，beautiful是以輔音因素開(kāi)頭的單詞，所以應(yīng)該用冠詞a。 5．saying　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。現(xiàn)在分詞做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，表示寫著……。 6．joked　考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)。由remembered可知，該句需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以這里joke需用過(guò)去式j(luò)oked。 7．forgotten　考查過(guò)去完成時(shí)。該句為過(guò)去完成時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為had done，所以這里forget需用過(guò)去分詞形式forgotten。 8．seriously　考查固定短語(yǔ)。take it seriously很認(rèn)真地對(duì)待，為固定短語(yǔ)，這里需用副詞。 9．how　考查賓語(yǔ)從句。該句為how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作wonder的賓語(yǔ)。

34、 10．to get　考查動(dòng)詞不定式。這里動(dòng)詞不定式表示目的，“為了”。 Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò) (2017安徽省合肥市第一中學(xué)月考) Id like to talking about my most memorable experience.It was a trip to Australia I had three years before with my dance group to participate in international dance festival.It was the first time I had travelled by plane in my life.My

35、mum worried a lot，so everything went smoothly.I stayed there for two week and it was the happiest time in my life.Besides our performances there，we have much excitement.We spent on almost every morning sunbathing on the beautiful beach and swam in the blue sea.But warmly Australian nights were which

36、 I adored most of all.It was a time of joy，light music and summer parties. 答案 Id like to about my most memorable experience.It was a trip to Australia I had three years with my dance group to participate in international dance festival.It was the first time I had travelled by plane in my life.M

37、y mum worried a lot， everything went smoothly.I stayed there for two and it was the happiest time in my life.Besides our performances there，we much excitement.We spent almost every morning sunbathing on the beautiful beach and in the blue sea.But Australian nights were I adored most of all.It was a time of joy, light music and summer parties. 6EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F375