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Unit 5 First Aid 一、閱讀理解。 The English language has an interesting way of classifying words.You might find that a noun acts like an adjective.You know that an adjective modifies(修飾),describing a quality of a noun.For example,you drink a cup of hot tea.The adjective is hot and the noun is tea.What about lemon tea?Lemon is a noun,isnt it?Why is it modifying tea? English often uses nouns as adjectives to modify other nouns.For example,a car that people drive in races is a race car.A car with extra power or speed is a sports car.Nouns that modify other nouns are called adjectival nouns. Did you notice something unusual about the expressions with the noun car?A car used to race other cars is a race car.Both nouns are singular.A car that has power and speed is a sports car.Why is the first noun,sports,plural?A search of the Internet shows us that people started using this phrase back in 1914.Cars were a new thing then. There is no rule about whether the attributive noun is singular or plural.Most of the time it is singular.But if the bination of nouns includes a plural noun,it usually stays that way.The result is phrases like ladies room,not lady room,for a room meant for women and girls,and bean soup but not beans soup for a soup made of beans.Some grammar experts think that English speakers are using more plural nouns in this way. When writing these attributive nouns in English,learners sometimes wonder about whether to use an apostrophe(撇號(hào))to show possession.Is it a ladies room?No,it is a ladies room.Attributive nouns do not need the apostrophe.So we write Veterans(老兵)Day in American English and not Veterans Day or Veterans Day.That means the day is in honor of military veterans,not owned by veterans. 1.Whats the topic of this text? A.The function of nouns. B.Special kinds of adjective. C.A special use of nouns. D.The use of adjectives. 2.Adjectival nouns can be used to describe________. A.adjectives B.sentences C.phrases D.other nouns 3.Why is the plural form “sports” is used to describe a noun? A.It is a traditional usage. B.It is a rule of grammar. C.It is a grammar mistake. D.It is a form of stress. 4.Which of the following is a correct English expression? A.Ladies room. B.Veterans Day. C.Veterans Day. D.Veterans Day. 參考答案： 1.C; 2.D; 3.A; 4.D 解析： 1.[主旨大意題。本文談?wù)撁~的一種特殊用法:作定語。由第一段得出。] 2.[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。形容詞性名詞用來修飾其他名詞。由第二段最后一句Nouns that modify other nouns are called adjectival nouns得出。] 3.[推理判斷題。復(fù)數(shù)名詞sports作定語是一種傳統(tǒng)用法。由第三段倒數(shù)第二句A search of the Internet shows us that people started using this phrase back in 1914得出。] 4.[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。Veterans Day“美國退伍軍人節(jié)”,兩個(gè)名詞之間不是所屬關(guān)系,不能用撇號(hào)。由最后一段得出。] 二、單句語法填空 1．It is vital that these forms ________ (send) back as early as possible. 答案：(should) be sent　It is vital that ... “……是十分重要的”。其中that從句謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。 2．________ the aid of our professor, we finished the experiment successfully. 答案：With　with the aid/help of ... “在……的幫助下”。 3．Youd better put things back ________ place. Otherwise, it will be difficult to find them. 答案：in　in place “在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢谩薄? 4．We ________ (watch) TV when there was a power failure. 答案：were watching　be doing ... when ... “正在做……這時(shí)……”，再由“there was ...”可知應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，故填were watching。 5．The new technology, if ________ (apply) to rice growing, will help increase the grain output. 答案：applied　從句為狀語從句的省略形式。The new technology與apply之間為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)填過去分詞作狀語。 6．Men and women should ________ (treat) equally in education and employment. 答案：be treated　treat和Men and women在邏輯上存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 7．His head had struck the wall and ________ (bleed)． 答案：was bleeding　此處表示頭部正在流血，前一分句用了過去完成時(shí)，故此處應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示過去某時(shí)正在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。 8．Everyone arrived late at the party for ________ (variety) reasons. 答案：various　修飾名詞reasons應(yīng)用形容詞，表示“各種各樣的”，故填various。 9．Television violence ________ (poison) the minds of young people. 答案：is poisoning　表示現(xiàn)階段正在持續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 10．Dozens of people got ________ (injury) and many vehicles were set on fire. 答案：injured　get injured “受傷”。 三、完形填空。 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 When I was young，I thought that kindness was a beneficial thing.I __1__ that I could just give what I thought others __2__ and I would get a one way ticket to Happyville (快樂小鎮(zhèn)). This thought process was __3__ changed when I suffered from clinical depression. __4__ became obvious that what I needed，as everyone did，was just the __5__ to love oneself. Apart from that，I had to learn how to make deeper and more meaningful connections __6__ people. My struggle with mental health was something that __7__ into a campaign to let every single person know that they __8__ and couldnt be replaced.At high school，it could be __9__ to convey this idea，but I __10__ pursued my passions (激情). The __11__ of my effort were the habits and traditions I had created to help __12__：Every Friday，I went to school with homework treats and __13__ them to those who seemed to need a pickmeup.I tried to __14__ as many names as I possibly could.I had started a club which gave students a __15__ place to express themselves and learn __16__ to apply empathy(同感，共鳴) in their everyday lives. On my personal social media account, I posted weekly __17__ to inspire both myself and my friends. When I go off the college this year，Ill be working towards a degree in college.This will help me start a nonprofit foundation in the future.My __18__ goal is to prove that the world is not a collection of __19__ problems，but something that can be changed by even the __20__ actions. 1．A.wondered B．figured C．doubted D．predicted 2．A.wanted B．ignored C．lost D．ordered 3．A.unfortunately B．totally C．regularly D．a(chǎn)ccurately 4．A.It B．They C．He D．This 5．A.ability B．desire C．belief D．reason 6．A.for B．with C．from D．a(chǎn)bout 7．A.fell B．divided C．broke D．turned 8．A.mattered B．existed C．survived D．succeeded 9．A.difficult B．funny C．different D．perfect 10．A.casually B．briefly C．firmly D．surely 11．A.difficulty B．purpose C．fruits D．method 12．A.strangers B．teenagers C．friends D．families 13．A.led B．lent C．passed D．limited 14．A.write B．memorize C．prepare D．recall 15．A.quiet B．important C．large D．safe 16．A.how B．what C．where D．when 17．A.discussions B．suggestions C．experience D．theories 18．A.final B．primary C．simple D．grand 19．A.plex B．unsolvable C．unknown D．terrible 20．A.latest B．laziest C．slowest D．smallest 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者與抑郁癥作斗爭的經(jīng)歷使他轉(zhuǎn)變了思想，并用實(shí)際行動(dòng)來幫助青少年和朋友們。他告訴大家，每個(gè)人都同樣重要并且不可替代。因此我們必須做出行動(dòng)，因?yàn)榧词故亲钚〉男袆?dòng)都可以產(chǎn)生影響。 1．B　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意為：我以為只要我能給予別人我認(rèn)為他們想要的東西，我就能得到一張去快樂小鎮(zhèn)的單程票。A項(xiàng)意為“想知道”；B項(xiàng)意為“認(rèn)為，以為”；C項(xiàng)意為“懷疑”；D項(xiàng)意為“預(yù)測”。短文第一句說明了作者小時(shí)候的想法，即作者認(rèn)為善良是一件有益的事情，然后接著詳細(xì)地解釋他的想法。B項(xiàng)符合語境。故選B。 2．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“想要”；B項(xiàng)意為“忽視”；C項(xiàng)意為“丟失”；D項(xiàng)意為“命令，訂購”。此處指作者認(rèn)為給予別人他認(rèn)為別人需要的東西，他就會(huì)快樂。A項(xiàng)符合語境。故選A。 3．B　考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“不幸地”；B項(xiàng)意為“完全地”；C項(xiàng)意為“定期地”；D項(xiàng)意為“準(zhǔn)確地”。由下文可知，因?yàn)樽髡叩呐R床抑郁癥，作者以前給予別人想要的東西的想法變成了努力用他的想法去影響別人，改變別人，所以此處表達(dá)的是“這個(gè)思維過程完全變了”。B項(xiàng)符合語境。故選B。 4．A　考查代詞辨析。此處為句型“It bees/became＋adj.＋that從句”，代詞it為形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的從句為真正的主語。故選A。 5．A　考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“能力”；B項(xiàng)意為“渴望”；C項(xiàng)意為“信念”；D項(xiàng)意為“理由”。ability to do sth.表示“做某件事的能力”，根據(jù)語境可知，作者所需要的和每個(gè)人所需要的一樣，就是愛自己的能力。A項(xiàng)符合語境。故選A。 6．B　考查介詞辨析。句意為：除了這一點(diǎn)，我必須學(xué)會(huì)如何與人們建立更深、更有意義的聯(lián)系。make connection with...是固定短語，表示“與……建立聯(lián)系”。故選B。 7．D　考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。各選項(xiàng)所給動(dòng)詞均可與介詞into構(gòu)成固定搭配：fall into意為“跌入”；divide into意為“分成”；break into意為“闖入”；turn into意為“變成”。由上文可知，作者的思維過程改變了，產(chǎn)生了新的想法，因此作者表達(dá)的是他在心理健康方面的掙扎變成了一場運(yùn)動(dòng)。turn into符合語境。故選D。 8．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“重要，有關(guān)系”；B項(xiàng)意為“存在”；C項(xiàng)意為“幸存”；D項(xiàng)意為“成功”。根據(jù)空格后面的“and couldn’t be replaced”可推知，此處表達(dá)的是“讓每個(gè)人都知道他們很重要，無法被替代”。A項(xiàng)符合語境。故選A。 9．A　考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“困難的”；B項(xiàng)意為“滑稽的”；C項(xiàng)意為“不同的”；D項(xiàng)意為“完美的”。由轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but和第二個(gè)分句的內(nèi)容可知，此處指的是“在高中，很難傳遞這個(gè)想法”。A項(xiàng)符合語境。故選A。 10．C　考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“隨意地”；B項(xiàng)意為“簡短地”；C項(xiàng)意為“堅(jiān)定地”；D項(xiàng)意為“確信地”。根據(jù)but表示轉(zhuǎn)折可知，此處應(yīng)表達(dá)“但是我堅(jiān)定地追隨我的激情”。C項(xiàng)符合語境。故選C。 11．C　考查名詞辨析。上文提到雖然在學(xué)校作者很難傳遞自己的思想，但是他不放棄，由此可知，作者努力的結(jié)果就是他創(chuàng)造了幫助……的習(xí)慣和傳統(tǒng)。此處fruits表示“結(jié)果，成果”，符合語境。故選C。 12．B　考查名詞辨析。 ...Every Friday，I went to school with homework treats and ________ them to those who seemed to need a pickmeup.(第二段第三句) 譯文：……每個(gè)星期五，我?guī)е鳂I(yè)的獎(jiǎng)品來到學(xué)校，把它們發(fā)給那些似乎需要提神的孩子們。 由關(guān)鍵句可以推斷，作者幫助的是那些青少年們。teenager意為“青年，青少年”，符合語境。故選B。 13．C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。pass sth.to sb.是固定短語，意為“把……傳遞/分發(fā)蛤某人”，此處表達(dá)的是作者把帶來的作業(yè)獎(jiǎng)品發(fā)給那些需要提神的孩子們。故選C。 14．B　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“寫”；B項(xiàng)意為“記住”；C項(xiàng)意為“準(zhǔn)備”；D項(xiàng)意為“回憶”。由語境可知，作者想幫助青少年，所以他盡可能多地記住他們的名字。故選B。 15．D　考查形容詞辨析。作者建立了一個(gè)俱樂部，學(xué)生們在這里可以表達(dá)自己的想法，由此可知這是一個(gè)安全的地方，學(xué)生們能夠暢所欲言。safe意為“安全的”，符合語境。故選D。 16．A　考查連接詞辨析。此處為“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。由語境可知，作者想讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)如何把表達(dá)的情感運(yùn)用到日常生活中。how意為“怎樣，如何”，符合語境。故選A。 17．B　考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“討論”；B項(xiàng)意為“建議”；C項(xiàng)意為“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”；D項(xiàng)意為“理論”。在作者的個(gè)人社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)賬號(hào)上，作者每周發(fā)出的用于激勵(lì)自己和朋友的帖子應(yīng)是建議之類的內(nèi)容。B項(xiàng)符合語境，其余各項(xiàng)均與語境不符。故選B。 18．A　考查形容詞辨析。This will help me start a nodprofit foundation in the future.(最后一段第二句) 譯文：這將幫助我在將來建立一個(gè)非盈利基金會(huì)。 由關(guān)鍵句可知，作者一直堅(jiān)持自己的信仰和做法，那么接著說的就是他的最終目標(biāo)。final意為“最后的，最終的”，符合語境。故選A。 19．B　考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“復(fù)雜的”；B項(xiàng)意為“難以解決的”；C項(xiàng)意為“未知的”；D項(xiàng)意為“糟糕的”。由語境可知，作者的最終目標(biāo)是要證明這個(gè)世界不是無法解決的問題的集合體。unsolvable與下文的“can be changed”相銜接且符合語境。故選B。 20．D　考查形容詞最高級(jí)辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“最新的”；B項(xiàng)意為“最懶的”；C項(xiàng)意為“最慢的”；D項(xiàng)意為“最小的”。由本句中的“even”可知，此處指的是甚至是最小的行動(dòng)都會(huì)改變一些事情。D項(xiàng)符合語境。故選D。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．I dont know what to do, because the number of problems have arisen. ______________________________________________________ 答案：the→a　此處表述“大量的問題出現(xiàn)了”。the number of ... “……的數(shù)量”；a number of “許多；大量的”，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。 2．Dont take anything away. Father likes everything to be in the place. ______________________________________________________ 答案：去掉the　in place “在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢谩薄? 3．We try to create work experience opportunities that will really make big difference to us. ______________________________________________________ 答案：make后加a　make a difference “有影響；起作用”。 4．He decided to apply for the boss for a job the next day. ______________________________________________________ 答案：第一個(gè)for→to　apply to sb. for ... “向某人申請(qǐng)……”。 5．There is no doubt whether global warming is a threat to us all. ______________________________________________________ 答案：whether→that　There is no doubt that ... “毫無疑問……”。 五、短文改錯(cuò) I came to the US as a exchange student a year before.There are four people in my host family.They are Mr.Garavalia，his wife and his child.The host family has a magic what has pulled me in and make me part of it.I remember when I first arrived at my house，it was far past their usual bedtime.But Mr.Garavalia still waited me in the living room and gave me a huge hug just as I walked in.I was felt so warm after 14 hours of tired flight.Every day they treat me as if I were their really family.I love them very much. 【答案】 I came to the US as exchange student a year .There are four people in my host family.They are Mr.Garavalia，his wife and his .The host family has a magic has pulled me in and me part of it.I remember when I first arrived at house，it was far past their usual bedtime.But Mr.Garavalia still waited me in the living room and gave me a huge hug just as I walked in.I felt so warm after 14 hours of flight.Every day they treat me as if I were their family.I love them very much. 第一處：a改為an?？疾楣谠~。exchange的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭。故把a(bǔ)改為an。 第二處：before改為ago?？疾楦痹~。時(shí)間副詞before常常與完成時(shí)連用，ago常常與一般過去時(shí)連用，根據(jù)句中謂語動(dòng)詞為一般過去時(shí)可知，把before改為ago。 第三處：child改為children?？疾槊~復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)上文中的“four people in my host family”可推斷，這對(duì)夫婦應(yīng)該有兩個(gè)孩子，故把child改為children。 第四處：what改為that/which。考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是一個(gè)定語從句，先行詞是magic，從句缺少主語。故把what改為that/which。 第五處：make改為made?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，and一詞后的動(dòng)詞make與其前has pulled作并列謂語，且在此并列結(jié)構(gòu)中and后省略了與前面相同的助動(dòng)詞has，故把make改為made。 第六處：my改為their。考查代詞。此處指“我”第一次到達(dá)他們(這對(duì)夫婦)家的時(shí)候，故把my改為their。 第七處：waited后加for?？疾榻樵~。wait for sb.意思是“等待某人”，為固定用法，故在waited后加for。 第八處：刪除felt前的was?？疾閯?dòng)詞。felt在此處為系動(dòng)詞feel的過去式，表示“感受到”，沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故刪除felt前的was。 第九處：tired改為tiring?？疾樾稳菰~。此處表示“14個(gè)小時(shí)的令人疲倦的飛行之后”。tiring“令人疲勞的”，tired“疲倦的，疲勞的”，故把tired改為tiring。 第十處：really改為real?？疾樾稳菰~。名詞family前應(yīng)用形容詞來修飾，故把really改為real。